scholarly journals Cassava/peanut intercropping improves soil quality via rhizospheric microbes increased available nitrogen contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Tang ◽  
Ruichun Zhong ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Liangqiong He ◽  
Zhipeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Rhizospheric Microbes

scholarly journals Straw mulching and nitrogen application altered ammonia oxidizers communities and improved soil quality in the alkaline purple soil of southwest China

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songhe Chen ◽  
Rencai Gao ◽  
Xiaoling Xiang ◽  
Hongkun Yang ◽  
Hongliang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Straw Mulching

AbstractMicrobe-mediated ammonia oxidation is a key process in soil nitrogen cycle. However, the effect of maize straw mulching on the ammonia oxidizers in the alkaline purple soil remains largely unknown. A three-year positioning experiment was designed as follows: straw mulching measures as the main-plot treatment and three kinds of nitrogen application as the sub-plot treatment. We found the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and NH4+-N were increased after straw mulching and nitrogen application in alkaline purple soil, so did the amoA genes abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaeal (AOA) and bacterial (AOB). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis revealed that Thaumarchaeote (448-bp T-RF) was dominated the AOA communities, whereas Nitrosospira sp (111-bp T-RF) dominated the AOB communities. The community compositions of both AOA and AOB were altered by straw mulching and nitrogen application in alkaline purple soil, however, the AOB communities was more responsive than AOA communities to the straw mulching and nitrogen application. Further analysis indicated that SOC and AP were the main factors affecting the abundance and community compositions of AOA and AOB in alkaline purple soil. The present study reported that straw mulching and nitrogen strategies differently shape the soil ammonia oxidizers community structure and abundance, which should be considered when evaluating agricultural management strategies regarding their sustainability and soil quality.

scholarly journals Soil quality index as affected by temporal long term tea cultivation in Jorhat District of Assam

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685-1695
Author(s):  
N. Baruah ◽  
◽  
B.K. Medhi ◽  
Sanjay Swami ◽  
R.K. Thakuria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Systems Methodology ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
Tea Plantations

Aim: The investigation was undertaken to identify the Minimum Data Set (MDS) for Soil Quality Index (SQI) assessment in continuouslong-term tea cultivation systems. Methodology: In the study under very deep, fine loamy, well-drained soil, five age groups of tea plantations viz. less than 15 years, 15-30 years, 30-45 years, 45-60 years and more than 60 years were selected and identified minimum data set and soil quality index. Results: In very deep, fine loamy, well-drained soil under continuous tea cultivation, SQI, 14.74 was obtained for less than 15 years, 14.06 for 15-30 years, 11.12 for 30-45 years, 12.94 for 45-60 years and 11.37 for more than 60 years of plantation, respectively. Interpretation: The most sensitive soil quality indicators identified in very deep, fine loamy, well-drained soil were pH for less than 15 years, total nitrogen for 15-30 years, available nitrogen for 30-45 years, organic carbon for 45-60 years and exchangeable aluminium for more than 60 years of continuous tea cultivation.

scholarly journals Short-term grazing exclusion has no impact on soil properties and nutrients of degraded alpine grassland in Tibet, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2413-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lu ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Grazing Exclusion

Abstract. Since the 1980s, alpine grasslands have been seriously degraded on the Tibetan Plateau. Grazing exclusion by fencing has been widely adopted to restore degraded grasslands. To clarify the effect of grazing exclusion on soil quality, we investigated soil properties and nutrients by comparing free grazing (FG) and grazing exclusion (GE) grasslands in Tibet. Soil properties, including soil bulk density, pH, particle size distributions, and proportion of aggregates, were not significant different between FG and GE plots. Soil organic carbon, soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus contents did not differ with grazing exclusion treatments in both 0–15 and 15–30 cm layer. However, soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents were remarkably reduced due to grazing exclusion at the 0–15 cm depth. Furthermore, growing season temperature and/or growing season precipitation had significant effects on almost all soil properties and nutrients indicators. This study demonstrates that grazing exclusion had no impact on most soil properties and nutrients in Tibet. Additionally, the potential shift of climate conditions should be considered when recommend any policies designed for alpine grasslands degraded soil restoration in the future. Nevertheless, because the results of the present study come from short term (6–8 years) grazing exclusion, the assessments of the ecological effects of the grazing exclusion management strategy on soil quality of degraded alpine grasslands in Tibet still need long term continued research.

scholarly journals Long term impact of different cropping systems on soil quality under silty loam soils of Indo-Gangetic plains of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khusbhoo Srivastava ◽  
H.S. Jat ◽  
M.D. Meena ◽  
Madhu Choudhary ◽  
A.K Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Available Nitrogen

In a multi-enterprise agriculture model, six different cropping systems have been evaluated at research farm of CSSRI Karnal for nutrient availability in surface soil. All the cropping systems left tremendous effect on soil quality. Among the different cropping systems, sorghum-berseem maintained lowest soil pH (8.14) followed by cowpea-cauliflower-potato cropping system (8.35). Sorghum-berseem cropping system was significantly build-up of soil fertility in terms of available nitrogen, (221.1kg/ha) and soil organic carbon (0.59%) as compared to other cropping systems. However, phosphorus (59.80 kg/ha) availability was higher in vegetable system followed by wheat-green gram cropping systems (48.85 kg/ha) than the other cropping systems. Vegetable system of multi-enterprise agriculture model showed more availability of Ca (3.20 me/L), Mg (2.63 me/L) and S (11.71 me/L) than other cropping systems. Higher amount of Fe (8.44 mg/kg) was observed in maize-wheat-green gram cropping system, whereas higher Mn (6.37 mg/kg) was noticed in sorghum-berseem fodder system than the other cropping system. Zn and Cu availability was relatively higher in vegetable system. Under prevailing climatic conditions of Karnal, sorghum-berseem fodder system was found to be the best with respect to soil quality and ready adaptability by the farmers as it was not much changed by climatic variability over the last 6 years. Vegetable system and fruits + vegetable were more or less similar in accelerating the availability of nutrients. Thus, leguminous crop (green gram) in any cropping system helped in improving the soil health, which is a good indicator of soil productivity.

scholarly journals Understanding the effect of shifting cultivation practice (slash-burn-cultivation-abandonment) on soil physicochemical properties in the North-eastern Himalayan region

2021 ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Gaurav Mishra ◽  
Krishna Giri ◽  
Abhishek Jangir ◽  
Duraisamy Vasu ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Himalayan Region

Shifting cultivation (jhum cultivation), a common practice of converting forest land into agricultural land by slash and burn is threatening the ecosystem. This study assesses the effect of shifting cultivation cycles on soil quality in the North-eastern Himalayan region using a minimum of soil properties. To achieve this goal, a soil quality index (SQI) approach and multivariate techniques were used for surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (30-70 cm) layers of soils in the forest, jhum land, and jhum fallow areas. The highest variability among land uses was found for clay content, SOC (soil organic carbon), exchangeable Mg and K, CEC (cation exchange capacity), and the Ca/Mg relationship. On the contrary, the lowest variation was recorded in bulk density (BD), porosity, and pH. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) show BD, soil texture, available nitrogen (Nav), available phosphorus (Pav), available potassium (Kav), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) as the major indicators of soil quality. The study indicated that surface layers of forest soils have a lower soil quality when compared to jhum lands. Although jhum lands show a better soil quality compared to forests, their continued cultivation without any fertilisation and subsequent depletion of the soil nutrients can cause a degradation of soil quality as observed in jhum fallow lands. The use of these selected indicators for soil quality assessment was useful in terms of saving time and costs.

scholarly journals Soil Quality Indicators as an Assessment Tool to Maximize the Productivity of Pulse Crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
B. Bhakiyathu Saliha ◽  
R. Indrani ◽  
C. Priyanka
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Available Nitrogen

The present research investigation was taken up  during 2017-2019 to evaluate the properties and fertility status of soils through physical, chemical and biological indicators of soil quality in the major pulse growing regions which were classified into three categories viz., low yielding (< 400kg ha-1), medium (400 to 700 kg ha-1) and high yielding (> 700 kg ha-1). 300 samples collected from these zones were subjected to analysis and weight ages were assigned to each soil quality attribute through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and those that explain at least 5% of the variation in the data were examined by using SPSS software. The mean percentage of water stable aggregates was the highest (51%) in high yielding soils which can be attributed to the beneficial effect of organic manure application and balanced fertilizer usage. Most of the samples in the high yielding soils were neutral to slightly alkaline (pH of 7.20 to 7.85), while that of medium and low yielding soils were  moderately alkaline and neutral to slightly alkaline respectively. However low yield category had an average cation exchange capacity of 12.2 c mol (p+) kg-1, whereas that of medium and high yield  categories recorded 21.8 and 36.9 c mol (p+) kg-1 respectively. The soils of high, medium and low yield zones recorded 282,234 and 138 kg ha-1 of available nitrogen respectively. The sulphur status in pulse growing soils revealed deficiency in 88 percent of the samples from low yielding zones which needs due attention. The overall results of the study concluded that the higher values of soil attributes such as aggregate stability, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, available potassium and extractable micronutrients corresponded well with the high yield category indicating the importance of these soil quality indicators for improving the pulse productivity in low yield zones.

scholarly journals Nutrient index, microbial activity and soil quality depleted under sugarcane mono-sequencing in Indian subtropics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Singh ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
Tapendra Srivastava ◽  
M. Tripathi ◽  
R. Dohare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Index

Sugarcane mono-sequencing is one of the prominent systems of Uttar Pradesh but wide variations in cane yields are the main cause of concern across the cane producing zones. Hence, 131, 198 and 122 composite soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were taken from cane producing Eastern zone (EZ), Central zone (CZ) and Western zone (WZ) of Uttar Pradesh, respectively to assess the causes of yield variations and impact of sugarcane mono-sequencing on nutrient index (NI), microbial activity and soil quality. Sugarcane mono-sequencing depleted soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (Na), potassium (Ka), sulphur (Sa) and Zn as 48.9, 98.2, 39.0, 43.3 and 26.4% soil samples falls in low categories, respectively. However, soil degradation aggregated more in EZ soils due to acute deficiency of macro-nutrients as well as high content of Cu, Fe and Mn in low-lying areas. Total microbial counts, microbial biomass of C and N, basal soil respiration, acid and alkaline phosphatase were highest in WZ, but Na, Pa, Ka, Sa, FDA, β-glucosidase and urease activity was greater in CZ soils. As a result, NI was greater in CZ (2.19) followed EZ (1.98) and WZ (1.97), but soil quality index (SQI) was found in the order of CZ (0.795) >WZ (0.785) > EZ (0.708). The sensitivity index (S) was lowest in CZ soils (1.420) indicated that WZ (1.810) and EZ (1.915) soils are more preferable and sensitive to perturbations and management practices. Na was the most vital indicator for sugarcane production followed by SOC, AZO and Sa.

scholarly journals Short-term grazing exclusion has no impact on soil properties and nutrients of degraded alpine grassland in Tibet, China

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lu ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Grazing Exclusion ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Since the 1980s, alpine grasslands have been seriously degraded on the Tibetan Plateau. Grazing exclusion by fencing has been widely adopted to restore degraded grasslands. To clarify the effect of grazing exclusion on soil quality, we investigated soil properties and nutrients by comparing free-grazing (FG) and grazing exclusion (GE) grasslands in Tibet. Soil properties – including soil bulk density, pH, particle size distributions, and proportion of aggregates – showed no significant difference between FG and GE plots. Soil organic carbon, soil available nitrogen, and available phosphorus contents did not differ with grazing exclusion treatments in both the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layer. However, soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents were remarkably reduced due to grazing exclusion at 0–15 cm depth. Furthermore, growing season temperature and/or growing season precipitation had significant effects on almost all soil property and nutrient indicators. This study demonstrates that grazing exclusion had no impact on most soil properties and nutrients in Tibet. Additionally, the potential shift of climate conditions should be considered when recommending any policy designed for restoration of degraded soil in alpine grasslands in the future. Nevertheless, because the results of the present study come from a short-term (6–8 years) grazing exclusion, the assessments of the ecological effects of the grazing exclusion management strategy on soil quality of degraded alpine grasslands in Tibet still need long-term continued research.

Rotation of broad bean improves the soil quality of facility green house

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunying Cao ◽  
Chunfang Wu ◽  
Lingjuan Wang ◽  
Moxian Chen ◽  
Hua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Rotation Crop

The soil quality in facilities greenhouses is serious deteriorated. Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) can improve soil major composition by the symbiosis with abundant Rhizobium in their root systems. In order to identify whether broad beans can improve soil quality in facilities greenhouses, this study used the soil samples from ten facilities sheds planting before and after broad bean as a rotation crop. We monitored the change of critical indicators which can reflect the quality of soil, including soil physical, chemical property and enzyme activities. The results showed that planting broad beans reduced pH by 0.29~1.52 Unit and increased available nitrogen by 16.8%~278.6%, phosphorus by 30.6%~1071.1%, potassium by 29.3%~395.7% and organic carbon by 19.3%~29.2% in soil. Furthermore, salt content changed significantly by 37.5%~323.3%. In addition, planting broad beans enhanced protease, urease, sucrose and catalase activities in soil. The improvement of soil increased the rotation crop yields by 3.0%~25%. Our results suggest that rotation with broad beans improved the physical and chemical properties of soil, enhanced soil enzyme activities and increased the crop yields, which can play an important application in facilities sheds.

AN EVALUATION OF NITROGEN SOIL TEST METHODS FOR ONTARIO SOILS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

Several methods for providing an index of the availability of soil nitrogen were evaluated by relating laboratory soil test values to yields of dry matter and uptake or nitrogen by orchardgrass in the greenhouse. Determination of soil organic matter or total soil nitrogen contents was relatively ineffective. Available nitrogen initially present in the soil at sampling time, extracted by several different methods, was superior to measurements of nitrogen released upon incubation. The nitrate form of nitrogen, either initially present or released upon incubation, served as a better index of soil nitrogen availability than the ammonium form. Inclusion of initial nitrates and nitrates released upon incubation as independent variables in a multiple regression resulted in the highest correlation with total nitrogen uptake. In the three incubation methods evaluated, discarding the initial nitrogen content of the soil, as is commonly done, severely reduced the validity of the tests as measures of nitrogen availability.

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