scholarly journals Capacity and site readiness for hypertension control program implementation in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikechukwu A. Orji ◽  
Abigail S. Baldridge ◽  
Kasarachi Omitiran ◽  
Mainzhao Guo ◽  
Whenayon Simeon Ajisegiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
System Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Nigeria faces an increase in the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), leading to an estimated 29% of all deaths in the country. Nigeria has an estimated hypertension prevalence ranging from 25 to 40% of her adult population. Despite this high burden, awareness (14–30%), treatment (< 20%), and control (9%) rates of hypertension are low in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, we sought to perform capacity and readiness assessments of public Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) to inform Nigeria’s system-level hypertension control program’s implementation and adaptation strategies. Methods The study employed a multi-stage sampling to select 60 from the 243 PHCs in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The World Health Organization (WHO) Service Availability and Readiness Assessment was adapted to focus on hypertension diagnosis and treatment and was administered to PHC staff from May 2019 – October 2019. Indicator scores for general and cardiovascular service readiness were calculated based on the proportion of sites with available amenities, equipment, diagnostic tests, and medications. Results Median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of full-time staff was 5 (3–8), and were predominantly community health extension workers (median = 3 [IQR 2–5]). Few sites (n = 8; 15%) received cardiovascular disease diagnosis and management training within the previous 2 years, though most had sufficient capacity for screening (n = 58; 97%), diagnosis (n = 56; 93%), and confirmation (n = 50; 83%) of hypertension. Few PHCs had guidelines (n = 7; 13%), treatment algorithms (n = 3; 5%), or information materials (n = 1; 2%) for hypertension. Most sites (n = 55; 92%) had one or more functional blood pressure apparatus. All sites relied on paper records, and few had a functional computer (n = 10; 17%) or access to internet (n = 5; 8%). Despite inclusion on Nigeria’s essential medicines list, 35 (59%) PHCs had zero 30-day treatment regimens of any blood pressure-lowering medications in stock. Conclusions This first systematic assessment of capacity and readiness for a system-level hypertension control program within the FCT of Nigeria demonstrated implementation feasibility based on the workforce, equipment, and paper-based information systems, but a critical need for essential medicine supply strengthening, health-worker training, and protocols for hypertension treatment and control in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Capacity and Site Readiness for Hypertension Control Program Implementation in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikechukwu Anthony Orji ◽  
Abigail S. Baldridge ◽  
Kasarachi Omitiran ◽  
Mainzhao Guo ◽  
Whenayon Simeon Ajisegiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
System Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Nigeria faces an increase in the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), leading to an estimated 29% of all deaths in the country. Nigeria has an estimated hypertension prevalence ranging from 25% to 40% of her adult population. Despite this high burden, awareness (14-30%), treatment (<20%), and control (9%) rates of hypertension are low in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, we sought to perform capacity and readiness assessments of public Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) to inform Nigeria's system-level hypertension control program's implementation and adaptation strategies.Methods: The study employed a multi-stage sampling to select 60 from the 243 PHCs in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The World Health Organization (WHO) Service Availability and Readiness Assessment was adapted to focus on hypertension diagnosis and treatment and was administered to PHC staff from May 2019 – October 2019. Indicator scores for general and cardiovascular service readiness were calculated based on the proportion of sites with available amenities, equipment, diagnostic tests, and medications. Results: Median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of full-time staff was 5 (3-8), and were predominantly community health extension workers (median = 3 [IQR 2-5]). Few sites (n=8; 15%) received cardiovascular disease diagnosis and management training within the previous two years, though most had sufficient capacity for screening (n=58; 97%), diagnosis (n=56; 93%), and confirmation (n=50; 83%) of hypertension. Few PHCs had guidelines (n=7; 13%), treatment algorithms (n=3; 5%), or information materials (n=1; 2%) for hypertension. Most sites (n=55; 92%) had one or more functional blood pressure apparatus. All sites relied on paper records, and few had a functional computer (n=10; 17%) or access to internet (n=5; 8%). Despite inclusion on Nigeria’s essential medicines list, 35 (59%) PHCs had zero 30-day treatment regimens of any blood pressure-lowering medications in stock. Conclusions: This first systematic assessment of capacity and readiness for a system-level hypertension control program within the FCT of Nigeria demonstrated implementation feasibility based on the workforce, equipment, and paper-based information systems, but a critical need for essential medicine supply strengthening, health-worker training, and protocols for hypertension treatment and control in Nigeria.

scholarly journals “Blood pressure monitoring should be a habit”: adaptation of the Check. Change. Control. program for Asian American older adults, from group-based in-person to one-on-one telephone delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sou Hyun Jang ◽  
Emily V R Brown ◽  
Eun Jeong Lee ◽  
Linda K Ko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Asian Americans have the lowest rate of awareness about hypertension, including controlled hypertension, among all racial/ethnic groups in the USA. A high proportion of Asian American older adults have limited English proficiency (LEP) and hypertension. This study adapted the Check. Change. Control. (CCC) program, a community-based intervention for hypertension control delivered in a face-to-face group setting, to phone-based delivery and evaluated the acceptability of the program among Asian American older adults with LEP. Thirteen participants received phone-based educational sessions on hypertension control over 4 months. After 4 months of interventions, we interviewed the 13 Asian American older adults and 4 counselors to examine the acceptability of the adapted CCC program. Both Asian American older adults and counselors found the phone-based delivery of the CCC program to be acceptable, and some participants recommended holding an in-person meeting before telephone delivery to review the program content and clarify information. Future study needs to explore the effectiveness of the phone-based delivery of the program on blood pressure management among larger groups of Asian American older adults.

Abstract 604: Differences In The Prevalence And Control Of Hypertension Between Mercury Sphygmomanometer And Omron (hem_907xl): Nhanes 2009-2010

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Yoon ◽  
Tatiana Nwankwo ◽  
Margaret Carroll ◽  
Yechiam Ostchega
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitor ◽  
Pressure Monitor ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mercury Sphygmomanometer

Objectives - Precise, reliable blood pressure (BP) measurement, whether in clinical practice or in epidemiological research, is essential for diagnosis and data interpretation. The study objectives were to compare differences in the prevalence and control of hypertension among adults aged 18 years and older using two standard devices: the mercury sphygmomanometer and the Omron Digital Blood Pressure Monitor (HEM_907XL). Methods - 5,185 individuals aged 18 years and older participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010 BP methodology study. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, or currently taking BP medication. Mean BP was the average of up to three readings for each device. Controlled Hypertension among hypertensives was defined as SBP <140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg. Results - Overall the age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension among adults was higher by mercury measurement (27.7%) than by Omron (26.4%, p <0.05). There were significant differences in hypertension prevalence between the two devices among men (mercury: 28.9% vs. Omron: 26.5%, p < 0.05) and Hispanics (mercury: 25.1% vs. Omron: 22.8%, p < 0.05). The overall hypertension control rate among hypertensives was significantly higher using Omron (64.6%) vs. mercury measurement (57.5%, p <0.05). In subgroup analyses, rates of hypertension control among hypertensives were systematically higher using Omron: for those 40-59 years (mercury: 60.0%; Omron: 67.9%); for those 60 years and older (mercury: 59.7%; Omron: 65.4%); for men (mercury: 54.9%; Omron: 63.9%); women (mercury: 61.5%; Omron: 66.1%,); non-Hispanic whites (mercury: 60.9%; Omron: 68.4%); non-Hispanic blacks(mercury: 48.8%; Omron: 54.3%); and Hispanics (mercury: 34.6%; Omron: 44.8%), ( p <0.05 for all groups). Conclusion - Hypertension prevalence measured by mercury was significantly higher than that measured by the Omron device. Lower Omron readings resulted in apparently higher estimates for the rate of controlled hypertension.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND YOGA ON BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premalatha P ◽  
Kanniammal C ◽  
Valli G ◽  
Jaydeep Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Childhood Hypertension ◽  
And Control

Objective: The principal aim of the study is to identify the effect of physical exercise and yoga on blood pressure (BP) among children, a common cardiovascular risk factor among children in recent years. Methods: A true experimental design was adopted to find the effect of physical exercise and yoga on selected children with increased BP and weight. The weight was inferred based on the World Health Organization (WHO) chart on body mass index for age. BP and height were measured and interpreted using the WHO height percentile chart for boys/girls and BP references of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, to identify hypertensive children. Hypertensive children were given physical exercise and yoga, 5 days a week, for 6 months and control group led a normal lives. Results: In the pretest, 100% of the study and control group were prehypertensive. After 3 months of physical exercise and yoga, 21% of study group became normotensive which was significant at p=0.000 and it increased to 93% after 6 months with the significance of p=0.000. The weight and systolic BP (SBP) had a significant positive correlation. The age (p=0.001), number of family members, type of family (p=0.01), mother’s occupation, family history of obesity, and chronic illness among fathers (p=0.05) had a significant association with SBP of the children. Conclusion: The study concluded that physical exercise and yoga reduced childhood hypertension as well as is a cost effective and easily practicable intervention for children to minimize cardiovascular risk during their adulthood.

scholarly journals Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension among Tunisian adults, 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Cherif ◽  
N Ben Mansour ◽  
S Rejaibi ◽  
N Zoghlami ◽  
O Saidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Lifestyle Measures ◽  
Hypertension Screening ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Hypertension is becoming increasingly frequent mainly in low and middle income countries. We aimed to assess the prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension among Tunisian adults and identify associated factors with hypertension control. Methods Data were obtained from the 2016 Tunisian Health Examination Survey, a household survey stratified at three degrees. Adults (age≥18 years old) were interviewed using an individual questionnaire, then three blood pressure measurement were performed. Participants were considered hypertensive if they were previously diagnosed or had a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140mmhg and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90mmhg during the survey. Were considered under control, treated persons with SBP&lt;140 mmhg and a DBP&lt;90 mmhg. A weighted binary logistic regression was used to assess associated factors with hypertension control. Input model variables were: sociodemographic variables, comorbidities and lifestyle factors. Results In this study, 8908 adults were enrolled with a mean age of 42.8±0.2 years old and a sex ratio (M/F) equal to 0.96. Among respondents, 29.3% (95% CI: 28.2-30.5) had hypertension, 60.7% (95% CI: 58.7-62.6) of them were unaware of their disease and only (29.5%, 95% CI: 28.2-30.5) of treated patients had a controlled hypertension. In multivariate analysis, eating more than five fruits and vegetables per day was independently associated with a better hypertension control (AOR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.5). In addition, participants living in northern Tunisia were more likely to have a controlled hypertension than those living in the south (AOR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.9). Conclusions Almost third of Tunisian adults were hypertensive. Low level of awareness and control of hypertension were found in this study. This highlights the urge to reinforce hypertension screening interventions and to strengthen educational programs on this disease with a focus on blood pressure monitoring and healthy lifestyle measures. Key messages Tunisian adults had a low level of awareness and control of hypertension. Reinforcing hypertension screening interventions and increasing awareness about healthy lifestyle measures are recommended.

scholarly journals The Online Education Mode and Reopening Plans for Chinese Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanzhen Cen ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Ming Rong ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Recently, an unprecedented coronavirus pandemic has emerged and has spread around the world. The novel coronavirus termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization has posed a huge threat to human safety and social development. This mini review aimed to summarize the online education mode and plans for schools to resume full-time campus study in China during COVID-19. Chinese schools have made significant contributions to the prevention and control of the transmission of COVID-19 by adopting online learning from home. However, normal opening and classroom teaching have been affected. For education systems at all levels, online education may be an effective way to make up for the lack of classroom teaching during the epidemic. To protect staff and students from COVID-19, the timing of students returning to full-time campus study needs to be considered carefully. Reviewing and summarizing of the Chinese education system's response to the virus would be of great value not only in developing educational policy but also in guiding other countries to formulate educational countermeasures.

scholarly journals Current Issues of Purpose and Control of Antihypertensive Therapy in Outpatient Practice (Clinical Case)

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Liliia Babynets
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Basic Drug ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

The World Health Organization identifies hypertension (AH) as «the world’s leading global risk of increased mortality from cardiovascular disease». AH is one of the most serious health problems because of its prevalence and importance. Caring for a patient with AH with or without chronic comorbidity requires a long-term holistic, patient-centered approach. The goal of treating a patient with AH is to reduce the overall cardiovascular risk, notu jst to control blood pressure. The aim is to analyze the possibilities of basic drug therapy and control over its implementation in patients with hypertension in different clinical situations in the practice of a family physician. Newly detected AH in a patient requires careful examination and appointment of effective comprehensive treatment. The tactics of selection of antihypertensive treatment for a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension are considered on a clinical example. Improving lifestyle and healthy living habits are necessary for all patients with AH, even when antihypertensive medication is mandatory. It is important to regulate blood pressure. The choice of medication depends on the patient’s characteristics and comorbidities. Care of a patient with hypertension should be carried out holistically with the identification and control of additional risk factors and complications, in parallel with the control of hypertension. At the same time it is necessary to take care of the treatment of some other somatic diseases or mental disorders that may affect the outcome of treatment of hypertension.

scholarly journals Blood pressure patterns among the Omani population

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Hasab ◽  
A. Jaffer ◽  
Z. Hallaj
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
And Control ◽  
Blood Pressure Patterns

The National Blood Pressure Survey aimed to determine blood pressure levels among Omanis > or = 18 years, study the epidemiological factors most related to blood pressure and suggest a programme for the management and control of hypertension in Oman. Of the 4732 people screened, 1278 [27.01%]had high blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis showed that blood pressure depended on age, body mass index and income per capita simultaneously. In a logistic regression model, adjusted risks associated with obesity and those aged >/= 45 years were significantly increased compared with the relevant different categories. A national plan of action for hypertension control and management is recommended and discusse

Right Idea, Wrong Result—Canada's Access to Medicines Regime

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Middle Income

In 2007, an estimated 33.2 million people were living with HIV, 2.5 million had become infected, and 2.1 million died from the virus. The majority of infected individuals reside in Africa, where in some countries as many as 33.4% of adults have HIV. In developed countries, effective drug therapies have reduced AIDS-related deaths by over seventy percent each year. These drugs have been so effective that over the last two years the global number of individuals dying from AIDS-related illness has actually declined. These therapies, however, are currently sold for $10,000 USD a year, a purchase price that is not feasible for low income countries where the annual health expenditure may be only $29 per person. A lack of essential medicine is not only a problem for those suffering from AIDS. Low and middle-income countries are disproportionately burdened by many additional chronic and infectious illnesses. The World Health Organization (“WHO”) estimates that one third of the world's population cannot regularly access essential medicines. The WHO cites the high cost of drugs as one of the major hurdles countries face in obtaining access to medication. However, the high cost of these brand-name medications does not reflect their minimal production costs. Drug manufacturers can produce generic versions of these drugs for as little as 1/30th of the cost of their brand-name counterparts.

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