scholarly journals Bacillus aryabhattai TFG5-mediated synthesis of humic substances from coir pith wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iniyakumar Muniraj ◽  
Syed Shameer ◽  
Priyadharshini Ramachandran ◽  
Sivakumar Uthandi
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Bacillus Aryabhattai ◽  
Coir Pith ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Degree Of Condensation

Abstract Background Humic substances (HS) form the largest proportion among all the constituents of soil organic matter and are a key component of the terrestrial ecosystem. HS plays a multifunctional role in the environment by controlling the biogeochemical carbon cycle, providing nutrients and bio-stimulants for plant growth, and interacting with inorganic and organic pollutants. The rate of formation of HS in soils determines its productivity and carbon sequestration capacity. Enhancement of HS synthesis in the soil through the microbial route not only increases CO2 sequestration but also mitigates the greenhouse gas emissions in the environment. Result In this study, we attempted to understand the mechanism of formation and enhancement of HS from coir pith wastes using the tyrosinase produced by Bacillus aryabhattai TFG5. The bacterium TFG5 isolated from the termite garden produced the tyrosinase (1.34 U mL−1) and laccase (2.1 U mL−1) at 48 h and 60 h of fermentation, respectively. The extracellular tyrosinase from B. aryabhattai TFG5 was designated as TyrB. Homology modeling of TyrB revealed a structure with a predicted molecular mass of 35.23 kDa and two copper ions in the active center with its conserved residues required for the tyrosinase activity. TyrB efficiently transformed and polymerized standard phenols, such as p-cresol, p-hydroxyl benzoic acid, Levo DOPA, and 2,6 DMP, besides transforming free phenols in coir pith wash water (CWW). Additionally, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectra of the degradation products of the coir pith treated with TyrB revealed the formation of HS within 3 days of incubation. Furthermore, the E472/664 ratio of the degradation products revealed a higher degree of condensation of the aromatic carbons and the presence of more aliphatic structures in the HS. Conclusion The results confirmed the influence of TyrB for the effective synthesis of HS from coir pith wastes. The results of the present study also confirm the recently accepted theory of humification proposed by the International Humic Substances Society.

scholarly journals Tyrosinase mediated humic substances synthesis by Bacillus aryabhattai TFG5

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iniyakumar Muniraj ◽  
Syed Shameer ◽  
Priyadarshini Ramachandran ◽  
Sivakumar Uhandi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Termite Mound ◽  
Conserved Residues ◽  
Copper Protein ◽  
Bacillus Aryabhattai ◽  
Coir Pith ◽  
Biomass Structure ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractThe present investigation aims at understanding the mechanism of Humic Substances (HS) formation and enhancement through tyrosinase produced by Bacillus aryabhattai TFG5. A bacterium isolated from termite mound produced tyrosinase (1.34 U.ml−1) and laccase (2.1 U.ml−1) at 48 and 60 h of fermentation respectively. The protein from B. aryabhattai TFG5 was designated as TyrB and it had a predicted molecular weight of 35.23 kDa. Swiss modelling of protein revealed a bi copper protein with its conserved residues required for activity. Interestingly, TyrB efficiently transformed and polymerized standard phenols besides transforming free phenols of Coir pith Wash Water (CWW). In addition, spectroscopic evidences suggest that TyrB enhanced the HS production from coir pith biomass. Furthermore, degradative products and changes in biomass structure by TyrB analysed through FT-IR suggests that TyrB might follow the polyphenol theory of HS synthesis.

scholarly journals An accelerated and effective synthesis of zinc borate from zinc sulfate using sonochemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ali Can Ersan ◽  
Azmi Seyhun Kipcak ◽  
Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽  
Nurcan Tugrul
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Minimum Particle Size ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Borate Compound

AbstractRecently, sonochemistry has been used for the synthesis of inorganic compounds, such as zinc borates. In this study using zinc sulphate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) and boric acid (H3BO3) as starting materials, a zinc borate compound in the form of Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O was synthesized using an ultrasonic probe. Product’s characterization was carried out with using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Zinc borate compound’s chemical bond structure was observed with Raman and FTIR. From the XRD results it was seen that Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O can be quickly synthesized upon heating at 80°C and 85°C (55 min) or 90°C (45 min) in very high yield (>90%). The minimum particle size obtained was ~143 μm from the SEM results. Zinc borate compound was synthesized at a lower temperature in less time than other synthesized zinc metal compound in literature.

scholarly journals One-Step Synthesis of the Nitrogen and Sulfur Codoped Carbon Dots for Detection of Lead and Copper Ions in Aqueous Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hui Gao ◽  
Yuqian Pang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Chun Zhu ◽  
Chaoqun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Colorimetric Sensing ◽  
Emission Activity ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Metal Ions Detection

Herein, by using the green and cheap L-cysteine as the precursor, nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon dots (NS-CDs) were synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The obtained NS-CDs showed the relatively narrow size distributions (2.1~3.9 nm) with the lattice spacing of 0.29 nm, as well as the excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission activity with the quantum yield (QY) of 18%. More interestingly, the PL intensity of NS-CDs was quenched by the addition of copper or lead ions (Cu2+ or Pb2+), which was shown in the tradition detection method by PL spectra. The NS-CDs exhibited ultrasensitive colorimetric sensing capability for both Cu2+ and Pb2+ by the color variance using naked eyes without any further treating. Two different coupling ways for detecting Pb2+ and Cu2+ were induced by the analysis of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). And the as-prepared NS-CDs showed their potential application in the heavy metal ions detection for the wastewater determination.

STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CuO–B2O3–Bi2O3 GLASSES BY MEANS OF EPR AND FT-IR SPECTROSCOPIES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. ARDELEAN ◽  
SIMONA CORA ◽  
RALUCA CICEO-LUCACEL
Keyword(s):  
Local Structure ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

EPR and FT-IR spectroscopy have been used to investigate the B 2 O 3– Bi 2 O 3 glass matrix containing CuO in order to obtain more information about the local structure of these glasses. The EPR absorption spectra revealed the presence in the glass structure of the Cu 2+ ions in axially distorted octahedral environments. No superexchange interaction of Cu 2+ was detected. In the samples with x≥5 mol%, mixed valence states of copper ions were revealed. The FT-IR measurements indicate the presence in the glass structure of the distorted [ BiO 6] polyhedra, tri- and tetra-borate units ( BO 3, BO 4) and its dependence by the copper content.

Adsorption of Copper(II) on Dithizone-Immobilized Coal Fly Ash

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Violla Bestari Ayu Sabrina Putri ◽  
Dwi Siswanta ◽  
Mudasir Mudasir
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Organic Ligand ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir

The adsorption of Cu (II) ions onto selective adsorbent of coal fly ash from Sugar Factory Madukismo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia modified with dithizone has been investigated in batch mode. Some parameters influencing immobilization of dithizone and adsorption of Cu (II) were optimized including an effect of pH, contact time and initial concentration of Cu (II) ions. The FT-IR and XRD analytical results show that the surface of coal fly ash can be modified by immobilization of selective organic ligand towards Cu (II) ions. The optimum conditions for adsorption of Cu (II) are achieved at pH 5, the optimum mass of DICFA and ACFA for copper adsorption were 0.2 g. Kinetics adsorption for copper ions follows pseudo-second-order kinetics with optimum adsorption contact time 60 min for DICFA and ACFA. Isotherms adsorption for Cu ion follow the Langmuir isotherms with chemisorption process and optimum concentration of Cu ion adsorption of 70 mg.L-1 for DICFA and ACFA.

Analysis on Products and Residues of Liquefaction of Wheat Straw & Polyester in Supercritical Ethanol

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Zhu Long ◽  
Yu Feng Long ◽  
Jun Jun He ◽  
Hai Bo Deng
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Supercritical Conditions ◽  
Powder Surface ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Supercritical Ethanol ◽  
Liquefaction Process

The mixture of wheat straw (WS) and polyester (PC) was liquefied in supercritical ethanol. Liquefied products produced and liquefied residue from the liquefaction under different supercritical conditions were analyzed by GC-MS, SEM and IR. GC-MS analysis of the liquefied products indicates that ethanol would decompose. And the most compounds in the liquefied product had the structure of phenol and phenol derivatives, which came from the degradation products of PC and WS. SEM analysis show that the wheat straw powder possessed larger particles with smooth surfaces while the residue from liquefaction had smaller particles with rough surfaces because of drastically degraded from the wheat straw powder surface under supercritical conditions. FT-IR analysis showed that the lignin was easily degraded during the liquefaction process, and also found to the cellulose is very difficult to liquefy for its crystalline structure.

Preparation and Characterization of Expanded Graphite with ZnO Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 770-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qin Wang ◽  
Xiang Ni Yang ◽  
Xiu Li Zhao ◽  
Rui Jun Zhang ◽  
Yu Lin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Strong Adsorption ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Degradation Reaction ◽  
Ultraviolet Ray

The composites of expanded ghaphite with ZnO (EG/ZnO) have been prepared in the method of impregnation, and their degradation performance for crude oil have been investigated by the means of UV-Vis and FT-IR. The morphology and crystal structure of the EG/ZnO composites have been characterized by the means of SEM and XRD. The results are shown as follows: the EG/ZnO composites keep the laminated and microporous network structure of EG. ZnO particles in the composites are hexagonal crystal system, and they widely distribute in the cavities and the network pores of EG. In the UV-Vis spectra, there is a blue shift about 13 nm, which is from 255 nm to 242 nm at the biggest absorption peak. That indicates the component of the crude oil has already changed. Meanwhile, the results of FT-IR spectra show that a degradation reaction occurs obviously in the crude oil after irradiated by ultraviolet ray, and the degradation products possibly include alkone, aldehyde, alcohol, and so on. Thus, it can be inferred that the prepared EG/ZnO composites would be a new kind of functional material integrated strong adsorption property and degradation property into itself.

Study on Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption of PAN-Amidoxime Nanofiber Nonwoven Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 1072-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Jie Li ◽  
Yu Hao Ma ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Wei Min Kang ◽  
Bo Wen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Nonwoven Material ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Metal Ion Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, polyacrylonitrile-amidoxime nanofibers were prepared by combining the technique of electrospinning and chemical modification with hydroxylamine chloride. Before modified the Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were bonded with two layers Ethylene-Propylene Side By Side (ES) thermal bonded nonwovens to improve its mechanical strength. Subsequently, they were applied to adsorb copper ions. The results of FT-IR spectra and scanning electron microscope indicated that nitrile groups in PAN were partly converted into amidoxime groups and there were no serious cracks on the surface of PAN-amidoxime nanofibers. The adsorption data of Cu (II) ions was fitted roughly with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximal adsorption capacities of Cu (II) ions reached 176 mg/g.

scholarly journals Changes in Structure and Content Humic Substances in Soil During the Laboratory Simulated Fires

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroš Sirotiak ◽  
Alica Bartošová
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Spectroscopy Technique ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Conventional Fractionation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Atr Spectroscopy

Abstract The paper deals with the process of thermal degradation of humic substances in soil samples exposed to increased temperature. To determine the basic properties of humic substances, humic and fulvic acids are used conventional fractionation chemical laboratory methods. To determine changes in the chemical structure, the method of use of FT-IR ATR spectroscopy technique.

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