Serum GGT/ALT ratio predicts vascular invasion in HBV-related HCC

Abstract Background The gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio has been reported as an effective predictor of the severity of hepatitis and HCC. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the GGT/ALT ratio in the prediction of vascular invasion and survival outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The risk factors for vascular invasion were determined by univariate/multivariate logistic analysis. The cut-off value of GGT/ALT in predicting vascular invasion was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The prognostic value of GGT/ALT was examined by Cox analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves. Sensitivity analysis, such as subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM), was performed to reduce potential confounding bias. Results A high GGT/ALT ratio was identified as an independent risk factor for vascular invasion (P = 0.03). The correlation analysis suggested that higher GGT/ALT was associated with more severe tumour burdens, including vascular invasion (P < 0.001), tumour volume > 5 cm (P < 0.001), poor pathological differentiation (P = 0.042), more severe BCLC (P < 0.001) and ALBI grade (P = 0.007). In the survival analysis, a high GGT/ALT ratio was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.38; 95% CI 1.03, 1.87; P < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 1.32; 95% CI 1.03, 1.87; P < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis, similar results were consistently observed across most subgroups. In PSM analysis, GGT/ALT remained independently associated with vascular invasion (OR, 186; 95% CI 1.23, 3.33). Conclusion The GGT/ALT ratio was a potential effective factor in the prediction of vascular invasion and prognosis in patients with HBV-related HCC.

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Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio predict the vascular invasion and outcome in hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma

10.21203/rs.3.rs-439544/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhifeng Zhao ◽

Jiayun Lin ◽

Xiaochun Ni ◽

Hongjie Li ◽

Lei Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Vascular Invasion ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

B Virus ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Backgrounds: The ratio of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a predictive biomarker for hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the relationship between GGT/ALT ratio and vascular invasion was explored in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC and tumor prognosis. Methods: Totally 558 patients were involved in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to evaluate GGT/ALT as the risk factor of vascular invasion. Prognostic value of GGT/ALT was investigated by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis combined with Kaplan Meier curves. In order to reduce confounding bias, subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed. Results: Patients were divided into high and low GGT/ALT groups with an optimal cut-off value of 2.95 in predicting vascular invasion. In univariate and multivariate logistic regression, high GGT/ALT group was listed as the independent risk factors for vascular invasion(P=0.03), the other risk factors included age (P=0.001), α-fetoprotein (AFP) (P=0.026), tumor size (P<0.001), tumor capsule (P=0.018), pathological differentiation (P<0.001) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification (P<0.001). In survival analysis, high GGT/ALT ratio was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.87; P<0.0001) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.87; P<0.0001). In sensitivity analysis, comparable results were furtherly confirmed by subgroup analysis. In PSM analysis, GGT/ALT was still associated with vascular invasion independently (OR, 186; 95% CI, 1.23, 3.33). Conclusion: Preoperative GGT/ALT has good predictive value for vascular invasion, tumor severity and outcome in HBV-related HCC patients.

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Recovery from LCDD-associated Severe Liver Cholestasis: a Case Report and Literature Review

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.251.lcd ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 99-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benoit Brilland ◽

Johnny Sayegh ◽

Anne Croue ◽

Frank Bridoux ◽

Jean-François Subra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Light Chain ◽

Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Light Chain Deposition Disease ◽

Deposition Disease ◽

Uncommon Presentation ◽

Light Chain Deposition ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare multisystemic disorder associated with plasma cell proliferation. It mainly affects the kidney, but liver and heart involvement may occur, sometimes mimicking the picture of systemic amyloidosis. Liver disease in LCDD is usually asymptomatic and exceptionally manifests with severe cholestatic hepatitis. We report the case of a 66-year-old female with κ-LCDD and cast nephropathy in the setting of symptomatic multiple myeloma who, after a first cycle of bortezomib-dexamethasone chemotherapy, developed severe and rapidly worsening intrahepatic cholestasis secondary to liver κ-light chain deposition. Intrahepatic cholestasis was attributed to LCDD on the basis of the liver histology and exclusion of possible diagnoses. Chemotherapy was maintained and resulted in progressive resolution of cholestasis. We report here an uncommon presentation of LCDD, with prominent liver involvement that fully recovered with bortezomib-based chemotherapy, and briefly review the relevant literature. Abbreviations: AKI: Acute kidney injury; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; EBV: Epstein–Barr virus; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; HSV: Herpes simplex virus; LC: light chain; LCDD: Light chain deposition disease; MIDD: Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease; MM: Multiple myeloma.

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Evaluation of Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Dromedary Camel during the Different Stages of Lactation

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 121-124

Author(s):

Ahmed El-Sayed

Keyword(s):

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Dromedary Camel ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Group 2 ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Objective: To assess the potential hematobiochemical alterations in healthy dromedary camel during the different stages of lactation. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Fifteen healthy female dromedary camels, with mean body weight of 499.6 kg and mean age of 20 years. Procedures: Camels were categorized into 3 groups' according to their stage of lactation: group 1, early lactation (1-3 months), group 2, mid-lactation (four-6 months) and group3, late lactation (≥ 7 months). Blood samples were collected from every animals for hematological and biochemical evaluation. Results: Total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), total leukocytes (TLC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, Calcium, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) confirmed significant (p < 0.05) variation between different stages of lactation. However, non-notable (p > 0.05) dissimilarity were located in packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), in organic phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), cholesterol, total protein (TP), albumen, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine kinase (CK) in the course of different ranges of lactation, Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results of this investigation may be useful as reference guide for dromedary camel to evaluate the metabolic health status at different stages of lactation.

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Interactions Between Dental Composite Resins and Saliva A comparative biochemical in vitro study

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.19.3.5223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 529-533

Author(s):

Mihaela Pantea ◽

Diana Andreea Ighigeanu ◽

Alexandra Totan ◽

Maria Greabu ◽

Daniela Miricescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Dental Composite ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Specific Protocol ◽

Dental Composite Resins ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

This in vitro study analyses the biochemical interaction between saliva and three types of dental composite resins (a direct resin, an indirect resin and a dual-cure resin used for cementation of indirect dental restorations). The resin samples were obtained following a specific protocol and in line with the producers� recommendations; the resin samples were incubated with saliva samples collected from 19 healthy volunteers. The obtained results showed that the tested composite resins did not produce significant changes in oxidative stress parameters that were analysed (albumin, uric acid, GGT / gamma glutamyl transferase, OXSR-1 / oxidative stress responsive kinase 1) and do not influence the inflammatory salivary status reflected by the levels of IL-6 - an inflammatory marker.

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Biochemical abnormalities in COVID-19: a comparison of white versus ethnic minority populations in the UK

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207446 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jclinpath-2021-207446

Author(s):

David R Taylor ◽

Devon Buchanan ◽

Wiaam Al-Hasani ◽

Jessica Kearney ◽

Tina Mazaheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Troponin T ◽

Minority Group ◽

Patient Data ◽

Minority Population ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Ethnic Minority Population ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

AimsPublic Health England has identified that in COVID-19, death rates among ethnic minorities far exceeds that of the white population. While the increase in ethnic minorities is likely to be multifactorial, to date, no studies have looked to see whether values for routine clinical biochemistry parameters differ between ethnic minority and white individuals.MethodsBaseline biochemical data for 22 common tests from 311 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients presenting to hospital in April 2020 in whom ethnicity data were available was retrospectively collected and evaluated. Data comparisons between ethnic minority and white groups were made for all patient data and for the subset of patients subsequently admitted to intensive care.ResultsWhen all patient data were considered, the ethnic minority population had statistically significant higher concentrations of C reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, while troponin T was higher in the white group. A greater proportion of ethnic minority patients were subsequently admitted to intensive care, but when the presenting biochemistry of this subset of patients was compared, no significant differences were observed between ethnic minority and white groups.ConclusionOur data show for the first time that routine biochemistry at hospital presentation in COVID-19 differs between ethnic minority and white groups. Among the markers identified, CRP was significantly higher in the ethnic minority group pointing towards an increased tendency for severe inflammation in this group.

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Effect of nanopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilis sp. on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0244-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manal G. Mahmoud ◽

Mohsen S. Asker ◽

Mohamed E. El Awady ◽

Amal I. Hassan ◽

Nadia A. R. Zaharan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Periodate Oxidation ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Tgf Β1

Abstract Background Nanomedicine contributes to the efficiency of pharmacological treatments and progresses rapidly. The present study was designed to produce exopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilis sp. strain reported in our previous study was further characterized, and its BSEPS for synthesis of the nanoparticle Ag-BSEPS using microwave heating to determine the possible effects of a prepared solution containing Ag-BSEPS versus thioacetamide (TAA) evoked liver fibrosis in Wister albino rats. Nanoparticles with silver (Ag) core have been synthesized in an aqueous solution after exposure of BSEPS to periodate oxidation. Animals were split into four groups: I - control rats, water ad libitum for 6 weeks; II - rats were injected with TAA 200 mg/kg-1 3 times/week for 4 weeks IP; III - Ag-BSEPS 100 mg/kg-1 IP twice a week for 6 weeks; and IV - TAA, as group II followed by Ag-BSEPS as group III. The antifibrotic effects of Ag-BSEPS were appraised by determining different hepatotoxicity indices, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and liver fibrosis markers. Results Nanoparticles were obtained with a diameter size range of 50–100 nm characterized by SEM and TEM without using any harmful reagents. Results evinced considerably reduced activity of liver functions such as transaminases (AST, ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the group which received TAA followed by Ag-BSEPS compared to the other group which received only TAA. In the current results, the administration of Ag-BSEPS showed an improvement in the proinflammatory cytokines. On the contrary, the antioxidant enzymes in liver homogenates revealed significant improvement (concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) increases) in animals with TAA-induced liver damage followed by Ag-BSEPS. Moreover, the activities of the fibrotic markers transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) and type III pro-collagen (PCIII) were increased in liver tissues in the group which was given TAA alone as compared to the controls. The percentage of fibrosis of hepatic tissue had a positive correlation with the levels of PCIII and TGF-β1, followed by Ag-BSEPS compared to the TAA group without nanocomposite treatment. Microscopic examinations revealed inhibitory effects of Ag-BSEPS on inflammatory changes and deterrent of liver fibrosis. Conclusion It was suggested that the biochemical and histological amelioration observed in Ag-BSEPS (100 mg/kg-1 twice a week for 6 weeks) treated the fibrotic rats.

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A novel simple risk model to predict the prognosis of patients with paraquat poisoning

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80371-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yanxia Gao ◽

Liwen Liu ◽

Tiegang Li ◽

Ding Yuan ◽

Yibo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Latent Class ◽

Risk Model ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Training Sample ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Creatine Kinase Mb ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractTo identify risk factors and develop a simple model to predict early prognosis of acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning patients, we performed a retrospective cohort study of acute PQ poisoning patients (n = 1199). Patients (n = 913) with PQ poisoning from 2011 to 2018 were randomly divided into training (n = 609) and test (n = 304) samples. Another two independent cohorts were used as validation samples for a different time (n = 207) and site (n = 79). Risk factors were identified using a logistic model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and further evaluated using a latent class analysis. The prediction score was developed based on the training sample and was evaluated using the testing and validation samples. Eight factors, including age, ingestion volume, creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB], platelet [PLT], white blood cell [WBC], neutrophil counts [N], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], and serum creatinine [Cr] were identified as independent risk indicators of in-hospital death events. The risk model had C statistics of 0.895 (95% CI 0.855–0.928), 0.891 (95% CI 0.848–0.932), and 0.829 (95% CI 0.455–1.000), and predictive ranges of 4.6–98.2%, 2.3–94.9%, and 0–12.5% for the test, validation_time, and validation_site samples, respectively. In the training sample, the risk model classified 18.4%, 59.9%, and 21.7% of patients into the high-, average-, and low-risk groups, with corresponding probabilities of 0.985, 0.365, and 0.03 for in-hospital death events. We developed and evaluated a simple risk model to predict the prognosis of patients with acute PQ poisoning. This risk scoring system could be helpful for identifying high-risk patients and reducing mortality due to PQ poisoning.

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Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology ◽

10.1177/1758835920987071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 175883592098707

Author(s):

Carolina Méndez-Blanco ◽

Paula Fernández-Palanca ◽

Flavia Fondevila ◽

Javier González-Gallego ◽

José L. Mauriz

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Vasculogenic Mimicry ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Clinicopathological Features ◽

Hypoxia Inducible Factors ◽

Free Survival ◽

Node Metastasis ◽

Clinicopathological Significance

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly recurrent tumor after resection and has been closely related to hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) have been shown to contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance in HCC. We evaluated the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in HCC patients. Methods: We systematically searched Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) from inception to 1 June 2020 for studies evaluating HIF-1α and/or HIF-2α expression in HCC. Selected articles evaluate at least one factor by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HCC patients who underwent surgical resection, and its relationship with prognosis and/or clinicopathological features. Study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CDR42020191977). We meta-analyzed the data extracted or estimated according to the Parmar method employing STATA software. We evaluated the overall effect size for the hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), as well as heterogeneity across studies with the I2 statistic and chi-square-based Q test. Moreover, we conducted subgroup analysis when heterogeneity was substantial. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s test. Results: HIF-1α overexpression was correlated with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS) and clinicopathological features including Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), capsule infiltration, intrahepatic metastasis, lymph node metastasis, tumor–node–metastasis (TNM), tumor differentiation, tumor number, tumor size (3 cm), vascular invasion and vasculogenic mimicry. We also detected a possible correlation of HIF-1α with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cirrhosis, histological grade, tumor size (5 cm) and albumin after subgroup analysis. Initially, only DFS/RFS appeared to be associated with HIF-2α overexpression. Subgroup analysis denoted that HIF-2α overexpression was related to OS and capsule infiltration. Conclusions: HIF-1α and HIF-2α overexpression is related to poor OS, DFS/RFS and some clinicopathological features of HCC patients, suggesting that both factors could be useful HCC biomarkers.

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Clinical and pathologic features of acute bovine liver disease in Australia

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/10406387211025829 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104063872110258

Author(s):

Eve M. Manthorpe ◽

Ian V. Jerrett ◽

Grant T. Rawlin ◽

Lucy Woolford

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Bovine Liver ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Reticular Pattern ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

Histologic Lesion ◽

Massive Necrosis ◽

Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Lactating Dairy Cattle

Acute bovine liver disease (ABLD) is a sporadic hepatic disease affecting cattle in southern Australia, characterized histologically by striking periportal hepatocellular necrosis. The cause of ABLD is unknown; however, the seasonality and acute presentation of outbreaks suggest mycotoxin involvement. We describe here the clinical and pathologic findings of ABLD in 45 naturally affected cattle from 13 outbreaks occurring from 2010 to 2019 in Victoria, Australia. Outbreaks occurred in herds located along the southern coastal plain of Victoria and were observed most frequently in lactating dairy cattle. Clinical signs commonly included a combination of mild photosensitization, progressive neurologic signs, and hypogalactia, which preceded death by ≤ 48 h. All affected animals had marked elevations in activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. At autopsy, the most common lesions were serosal petechiae and/or gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hepatomegaly with a pronounced hepatic reticular pattern. The principal histologic lesion was widespread—severe periportal hepatocellular coagulative necrosis and erythrocyte pooling—which often extended to massive necrosis. Lesions in other organs were uncommon. Our study of ABLD suggests involvement of a potent hepatotoxin that is either directly cytopathic or requires bioactivation by periportal-specific enzymes.

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Double-targeting CDCA8 and E2F1 inhibits the growth and migration of malignant glioma

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-021-03405-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoxiong Wang ◽

Heping Wang ◽

Jiajun Xu ◽

Xu Hou ◽

Haoqiang Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malignant Glioma ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

High Grade Glioma ◽

Poor Overall Survival ◽

Survival Prognosis ◽

Who Grade ◽

And Migration

AbstractHigh-grade glioma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with poor therapeutic efficiency and survival prognosis. Cell division cycle associated 8 (CDCA8) has been well known as a cell cycle regulator and tumor promotor in various malignant tumors. However, its biological role in glioma still remains unclear. Our results showed that high level of CDCA8 was significantly correlated with advanced WHO grade and poor overall survival and disease-free survival prognosis. In vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated that CDCA8 promoted the glioma malignancy by promoting cell proliferation, cell migration, and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Moreover, we found its synergetic biological protein—E2F1 by the gene microarray chip. In this study, we revealed that CDCA8 synergized with E2F1 facilitated the proliferation and migration of glioma. In conclusion, our study provides a novel promising therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for malignant glioma treatment.

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