World Malaria Day 2016 in the Kingdom of Cambodia: high-level governmental support embodies the WHO call for “political will to end malaria”

The murder of Valentin Tsvetkov, the governor of Magadan in central Moscow in broad day light in October 2002 highlights that organized crime and corruption are still alive and well and highly destructive of life and governance in Russia (Wines, 2002). His murder once again raises the question, “Why has Russia not been able to stop organized crime and high level corruption?” The answer is that Russia docs not have the political will at the national, regional or local level to fight these problems. This is true because the Kremlin and economic elite push their personal interests over those of the state and the society. Structural problems such as low salaries of state personnel and the embedding of organized crime and corruption make reform very difficult.

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The Cycle of Transparency, Accountability, Corruption, and Administrative Performance: Evidence from Vietnam

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.33301/2014.16.03.02 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 32-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bich Tran Thi

Keyword(s):

Public Administration ◽

Performance Index ◽

Critical Factor ◽

The Political ◽

Political Will ◽

Administrative Services ◽

Using Data ◽

High Level ◽

Transparency And Accountability

This paper investigates the correlation amongst transparency, accountability, corruption, and public administration performance in Vietnam using data from the Vietnam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index survey in 2012. The Generalised Canonical Analysis is applied to evaluate the meaning of the ‘Don’t Know’ answer which often exists in response to questions on perception of corruption. The results reveal that ‘Don’t Know’ implies corruption. The paper then, shows that a high level of transparency is accompanied with a low level of perception of corruption while impacts of accountability on corruption are mixed. Furthermore, corruption is a critical factor that deteriorates the administration performance whereas transparency and accountability are ineffective in being translated into the quality of administrative services. The results raise the need to closely examine the de-facto forms of transparency and accountability as well as the political will in the fight against corruption to improve the quality of public administrative services in Vietnam.

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Collaboration of Poland and Ukraine within the framework of transfrontal projects in the period of 1995-2005 years

Scientific visnyk V. O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Historical Sciences ◽

10.33310/2519-2809-2019-48-2-7-11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

Natalia Buglay

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

European Integration ◽

Central Europe ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Boundary Region ◽

Integration Process ◽

Political Will ◽

High Level ◽

Political Economic ◽

New Instruments

In the article the Polish transfrontal policy is analysed at the end of ХХ – at the beginning of ХХІ ages, that is characterized the wide palette of connections in political, economic, ecological, infrastructural, educational, cultural and humanitarian spheres. Development of transfrontal collaboration of Poland for period 1995–2005 was very much an important factor not only from point of development actually of boundary regions but also in the context of acceleration of the European integration process of country on the whole. Among Central Europe countries Poland was one of more active participants of transfrontal collaboration. It is found out, that RP is the transfrontal leader of region of Central Europe. Indisputably, that every boundary region has the specific descriptions, both positive and negative. However, will mark that a level of development of transfrontal collaboration of regions of Poland is excellent, in fact every level has both the features and depends on a nearby partner for other side of border. To our opinion, political will of sides, activity of territorial organs of power is the base condition of transfrontal collaboration. Coordination of efforts of sides is sent, foremost, on implantation of the European legal field in a national legislation, overcoming of asymmetry of development. An Ukrainian-Polish transfrontal collaboration is characterized prevailing of barrier function of border, high level of centralization of power, low bringing in, to the collaboration of local societies. After east expansion of European Union in 2004 – for the Ukrainian side new instruments and mechanisms, new instituty forms, were opened, consequently, new possibilities of transfrontal collaboration.

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GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT MECHANISM OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY IN GERMANY

MGIMO Review of International Relations ◽

10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-229-238 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 229-238

Author(s):

N. V. Kozaeva

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Electricity Sector ◽

Security Level ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Support Mechanism ◽

Governmental Support ◽

The Government ◽

High Level ◽

Energy Reform

German Energy transition could be considered to be one of the most challenging a widescaled reforms, quite capital-intensive, requiring a high level of scientific input, having an influence on other economic sectors and economic entities. Energy reform is intended to increase the energy security level by increasing the share of renewables in its energy portfolio, environmental protection by decreasing the emission into the atmosphere and the level of energy consumption. Since 1990 the share of renewables in the whole energy sector and in electricity sector has been rising steadily. Governmental support, including direct finance, fiscal benefits and creating favorable market conditions for the sector has been expanding for renewable and declining for traditional energy. The costs for renewable energy are more transparent, during those for traditional energy are often hidden and indirectly charge the budget, can emerge later in form of subsequent costs of the climate. However, the system of support itself discloses its imperfection, when its implementation causes an opposite impact or contradiction between several instruments, which are actually aimed to solve one problem. Given the high strategic importance of the goals set, even an evident necessity to revise the mechanism of governmental support doesn't, however, mean that the government doubts the usefulness of the reform.

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Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100122654 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

David P. Bazett-Jones ◽

Mark L. Brown

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Transcription Initiation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

Dna Backbone ◽

Two Parameters ◽

High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

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Advances in Stem Instrumentation for Biology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100180562 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 362-363

Author(s):

J. S. Wall

Keyword(s):

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Material Deposition ◽

Active User ◽

Percent Improvement ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

The Moment ◽

Film Substrate ◽

High Level

The forte of the Scanning transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) is high resolution imaging with high contrast on thin specimens, as demonstrated by visualization of single heavy atoms. of equal importance for biology is the efficient utilization of all available signals, permitting low dose imaging of unstained single molecules such as DNA.Our work at Brookhaven has concentrated on: 1) design and construction of instruments optimized for a narrow range of biological applications and 2) use of such instruments in a very active user/collaborator program. Therefore our program is highly interactive with a strong emphasis on producing results which are interpretable with a high level of confidence.The major challenge we face at the moment is specimen preparation. The resolution of the STEM is better than 2.5 A, but measurements of resolution vs. dose level off at a resolution of 20 A at a dose of 10 el/A2 on a well-behaved biological specimen such as TMV (tobacco mosaic virus). To track down this problem we are examining all aspects of specimen preparation: purification of biological material, deposition on the thin film substrate, washing, fast freezing and freeze drying. As we attempt to improve our equipment/technique, we use image analysis of TMV internal controls included in all STEM samples as a monitor sensitive enough to detect even a few percent improvement. For delicate specimens, carbon films can be very harsh-leading to disruption of the sample. Therefore we are developing conducting polymer films as alternative substrates, as described elsewhere in these Proceedings. For specimen preparation studies, we have identified (from our user/collaborator program ) a variety of “canary” specimens, each uniquely sensitive to one particular aspect of sample preparation, so we can attempt to separate the variables involved.

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A Questionnaire Survey of Current Rehabilitation Practices for Adults With Normal Hearing Sensitivity Who Experience Auditory Difficulties

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 738-761

Author(s):

Tess K. Koerner ◽

Melissa A. Papesh ◽

Frederick J. Gallun

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aids ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Patient Population ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Auditory Training ◽

Training Methods ◽

Hearing Sensitivity ◽

Considerable Benefit ◽

High Level

Purpose A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information from clinical audiologists about rehabilitation options for adult patients who report significant auditory difficulties despite having normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. This work aimed to provide more information about what audiologists are currently doing in the clinic to manage auditory difficulties in this patient population and their views on the efficacy of recommended rehabilitation methods. Method A questionnaire survey containing multiple-choice and open-ended questions was developed and disseminated online. Invitations to participate were delivered via e-mail listservs and through business cards provided at annual audiology conferences. All responses were anonymous at the time of data collection. Results Responses were collected from 209 participants. The majority of participants reported seeing at least one normal-hearing patient per month who reported significant communication difficulties. However, few respondents indicated that their location had specific protocols for the treatment of these patients. Counseling was reported as the most frequent rehabilitation method, but results revealed that audiologists across various work settings are also successfully starting to fit patients with mild-gain hearing aids. Responses indicated that patient compliance with computer-based auditory training methods was regarded as low, with patients generally preferring device-based rehabilitation options. Conclusions Results from this questionnaire survey strongly suggest that audiologists frequently see normal-hearing patients who report auditory difficulties, but that few clinicians are equipped with established protocols for diagnosis and management. While many feel that mild-gain hearing aids provide considerable benefit for these patients, very little research has been conducted to date to support the use of hearing aids or other rehabilitation options for this unique patient population. This study reveals the critical need for additional research to establish evidence-based practice guidelines that will empower clinicians to provide a high level of clinical care and effective rehabilitation strategies to these patients.

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