scholarly journals Perceptions and prevention practices on malaria among the indigenous Orang Asli community in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Bakhtiar Munajat ◽  
Mohd Amirul Fitri A. Rahim ◽  
Wathiqah Wahid ◽  
Mohd Ikhwan Mukmin Seri Rakna ◽  
Paul C. S. Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Malaysia is on track towards malaria elimination. However, several cases of malaria still occur in the country. Contributing factors and communal aspects have noteworthy effects on any malaria elimination activities. Thus, assessing the community’s knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards malaria is essential. This study was performed to evaluate KAP regarding malaria among the indigenous people (i.e. Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted in five remote villages (clusters) of Orang Asli located in the State of Kelantan, a central region of the country. Community members aged six years and above were interviewed. Demographic, socio-economic and KAP data on malaria were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Overall, 536 individuals from 208 households were interviewed. Household indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage and bed net ownership were 100% and 89.2%, respectively. A majority of respondents used mosquito bed nets every night (95.1%), but only 50.2% were aware that bed nets were used to prevent malaria. Nevertheless, almost all of the respondents (97.9%) were aware that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes. Regarding practice for managing malaria, the most common practice adopted by the respondents was seeking treatment at the health facilities (70.9%), followed by self-purchase of medication from a local shop (12.7%), seeking treatment from a traditional healer (10.5%) and self-healing (5.9%). Concerning potential zoonotic malaria, about half of the respondents (47.2%) reported seeing monkeys from their houses and 20.1% reported entering nearby forests within the last 6 months. Conclusion This study found that most populations living in the villages have an acceptable level of knowledge and awareness about malaria. However, positive attitudes and practices concerning managing malaria require marked improvement.

scholarly journals Perceptions and prevention practices on malaria among the indigenous Orang Asli community in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Bakhtiar Munajat ◽  
Mohd Amirul Fitri A. Rahim ◽  
Wathiqah Wahid ◽  
Mohd Ikhwan Mukmin Seri Rakna ◽  
Paul C. S. Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Malaysia is on track towards malaria elimination. However, several cases of malaria still occur in the country. Contributing factors and communal aspects have noteworthy effects on any malaria elimination activities. Thus, assessing the community’s knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards malaria is essential. This study was performed to evaluate KAP regarding malaria among the indigenous people (i.e. Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted in five remote villages (clusters) of Orang Asli located in the State of Kelantan, a central region of the country. Communities aged 6 years and above were interviewed. Demographic, socio-economic and KAP data on malaria were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Overall, 536 individuals from 208 households were interviewed. Household indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage and bednet ownership were 100% and 89.2%, respectively. A majority of respondents used mosquito bed nets every night (95.1%), but only 50.2% aware of bednets were use to prevent malaria. Nevertheless, almost all of the respondents (97.9%) were aware that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes. Regarding practice for managing malaria, the most common practice adopted by the respondents was seeking treatment at the health facilities (70.9%), followed by self-purchase of medication from a local shop (12.7%), seeking treatment from a traditional healer (10.5%) and self-healing (5.9%). Concerning potential zoonotic malaria, about half of the respondents (47.2%) reported seeing monkeys from their house and 20.1% reported entering nearby forests within the last six months. Conclusion We conclude that most populations living in the villages have an acceptable level of knowledge and awareness about malaria. However, positive attitudes and practices with respect to managing malaria require marked improvement.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Malaria Among Forest-Goer Communities in Mukdahan Province, Northeastern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriwipa Chuangchaiya ◽  
Mohd Amirul Fitri A. Rahim ◽  
Paisit Chanpum ◽  
Mohd Bakhtiar Munajat ◽  
Nor Diyana Dian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background: Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Thailand. In Thailand, the transmission now progressively clusters in hotspots along international borders and among high-risk groups, including forest-goers. Therefore, continuous assessment and understanding of the behavioral and perceptions related to malaria exposure in the high-risk group are necessary to achieve the elimination goal. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to malaria in rural communities living close to a forested area in the northeastern part of Thailand.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three forest-goer communities (i.e. Ban Khok, Ban Koh and Dong Yang) in Khamcha-i district, Mukdahan Province from July and August 2019. Community members aged 18 years and above were interviewed. Demographic, socio-economic information and KAP data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Overall, 346 individuals were interviewed. Although the household indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage was 100%, ownership of mosquito bed net was 24.3% and only reported in Ban Khok. Nevertheless, almost all of the respondents were aware that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes (97.7%) and bed nets were used to prevent malaria (94.5%). Regarding practice for managing malaria, the most common practice adopted by the respondents was seeking treatment at the nearby clinic (58.1%), followed by self-healing (38.7%) and self-purchase of medication from a local shop (3.2%). Concerning attitude towards malaria transmission, 69.1% and 24.3% of the respondents reported entering nearby forests and spending the night in the forest within the last six months, respectively. Conclusion: This study found that most respondents living in the villages have an acceptable level of knowledge and awareness about malaria. Nevertheless, the positive attitudes and practices concerning malaria prevention measures against malaria require marked improvement. Therefore, new approaches to improving malaria KAP evidently need in this community.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices about Malaria and Its Control in Rural Northwest Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey D. Mazigo ◽  
Emmanuel Obasy ◽  
Wilhellmus Mauka ◽  
Paulina Manyiri ◽  
Maria Zinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background. We assessed community knowledge, attitudes, and practices on malaria as well as acceptability to indoor residual spraying. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional survey was done in a community in Geita district (northwest Tanzania). Household heads (n=366) were interviewed Results. Knowledge on malaria transmission, prevention, and treatment was reasonable; 56% of respondents associated the disease with mosquito bites, with a significant difference between education level and knowledge on transmission (P<.001). Knowledge of mosquito breeding areas was also associated with education (illiterate: 22%; literate: 59% (P<.001). Bed nets were used by 236 (64.5%), and usage was significantly associated with education level (P<.01). The level of bed net ownership was 77.3%. Most respondents (86.3%) agreed with indoor residual spraying of insecticides. Health facilities were the first option for malaria treatment by 47.3%. Artemether-lumefantrine was the most common antimalarial therapy used. Conclusions. Despite reasonable knowledge on malaria and its preventive measures, there is a need to improve availability of information through proper community channels. Special attention should be given to illiterate community members. High acceptance of indoor residual spraying and high level of bed net ownership should be taken as an advantage to improve malaria control.

Spatial Analysis on Primary Healthcare Distance for Orang Asli in Batang Padang District

2019 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Mohamad Fadli K ◽  
Rosliza AM ◽  
Muhamad Hanafiah J ◽  
Sharifah Norkhadijah SI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
To Come

Introduction: A huge number of Orang Asli population live in isolated area within peninsular Malaysia. Their lack of proper road and remoteness made their access to healthcare services difficult. Batang Padang has the 22800 Orang Asli reside in the district. Primary healthcare services have been provided to this population through static clinic and mobile clinic.Objective: This study was done to determine distance of primary healthcare from Orang Asli village and their correlation with primary healthcare utilization.Methods: A cross sectional study using Geographical Information System was done using spatial data from various sources for mapping and spatial analysis. Network analysis using ArcGIS software was used to determine the distance while Spearman correlation was used to determine association between distance and primary healthcare utilization.Result: Most of Orang Asli villages located not far from main road. Mean distance from Orang Asli village to nearest primary healthcare clinic is 5.87 kilometers. Mean duration taken for Orang Asli to come to the primary healthcare clinic is either 4.71 minutes by land transportation or 70.42 minutes by walking. Orang Asli villages located in the center of the district around Bandar Tapah have short distance to primary healthcare and the distance increase as the villages located away from the center. There is significant correlation between network distance with Orang Asli attendance to clinic (r 0.203) and MMR vaccination (r 0.230). There is also significant correlation between walking duration with Orang Asli attendance to primary healthcare (r 0.178) and MMR vaccination (r 0.227).Conclusion: As the distance and duration increase for Orang Asli to get to primary healthcare, there is increase need of primary healthcare services. Planning of primary healthcare for Orang Asli should consider the distance from these villages to primary healthcare services.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 46

scholarly journals Anaemia Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Factors Among Indigenous Temiar Orang Asli Community in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amirul Fitri A. Rahim ◽  
Mohd Bakhtiar Munajat ◽  
Wathiqah Wahid ◽  
Nor Diyana Dian ◽  
Mohd Ikhwan Mukmin Seri Rakna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Anaemia continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries. An important and often unreported group at risk for anaemia is indigenous communities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anaemia and to identify its determinants in the indigenous Temiar Orang Asli community in Peninsular Malaysia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. Six hundred and forty participants aged one and older were enrolled and personal characteristic data were collected. Anaemia status was determined using haemoglobin level (Hb) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Hb cut-off. The overall anaemia prevalence was 44.7% (286/640) and the prevalence rates of mild, moderate and severe anaemia were 42.7%, 50.7% and 6.6%, respectively. Anaemia-specific prevalence varied significantly by age groups (P<0.001) and was highest in the 6–17 group for mild anaemia (39.3%, 95% CI: 30.6–48.6), followed by ≤5 group for both moderate anaemia (43.4%; 95%CI: 35.2–51.9) and severe anaemia (42.1%; 95%CI: 20.3–66.5). In the multivariate logistic regression, anaemia was associated in age groups of ≤5 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.6 [95%CI: 3.3–9.4], P<0.001) and 6–17 (aOR 2.1 [95%CI: 1.4–3.2], P<0.001) as well in those living in Lambok (aOR 2.7 [95%CI: 1.3–5.5], P = 0.006). This study has highlighted the high prevalence of anaemia among indigenous Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia and revealed that younger children were positively associated with childhood anaemia. Effective interventions and special attention for this indigenous population need to be implemented to reduce the risk of anaemia.

scholarly journals Retrospective and cross-sectional study on the prevalence of malaria in selected areas under elimination program in Dembiya district, North-western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihretu Tarekegn ◽  
Habte Tekie ◽  
Sisay Dugassa ◽  
Yitbarek Wolde-hawariat
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Ethiopia embarked on combating malaria with an aim to eliminate malaria from low transmission districts by 2030. This involves malaria vector interventions by implementing mainly indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) against endophilic and endophagic female Anopheles mosquitoes. Limited published reports are available about the status of malaria in areas under malaria elimination program in Ethiopia. This study intended to assess the prevalence of malaria in selected areas with a long history of implementing malaria prevention and elimination strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in two selected malaria endemic areas in Dembiya District, Northwest Ethiopia. Thin and thick blood smears collected from 735 randomly selected individuals were microscopically examined for malaria parasites. Six years retrospective malaria data was also collected from the medical records of the health centres. Structured questionnaires were prepared to collect information about the socio-economic data of the population. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and p ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The six-year retrospective malaria prevalence trend indicates an overall malaria prevalence of 22.4%, out of which Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species. From a total of 735 slides examined for the presence of malaria parasites, 3.5% (n=26) were positive for malaria parasites, in which P. falciparum was more prevalent (n=17; 2.3%), P. vivax (n=5; 0.7%), and mixed infections (n=4; 0.5%). Males were 2.6 times more likely to be infected with malaria than females (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 6.4), and individuals with frequent outdoor activity were 16.4 times more vulnerable than individuals with limited outdoor activities (AOR= 16.4, 95% CI: 1.8, 147.9). Furthermore, awareness about malaria transmission was significantly associated with the prevalence of malaria.Conclusions: Malaria is still a public health problem in Dembiya district irrespective of the past and existing vector control interventions. A malaria elimination plan might not be successful unless other alternative intervention tools targeting outdoor malaria transmission are included. For this, continuous monitoring of vectors’ susceptibility, density, and behaviour is very important in such areas.

Household Predictors of Incidence of Malaria in Northern Uganda: Its Implication for Future Malaria Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Echodu ◽  
William Sam Oyet ◽  
Tereza Iwiru ◽  
Felister Apili ◽  
Julius Julian Lutwama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Use of indoor residual spraying (IRS), long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINS) and treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) have been greatly promoted in northern Uganda but the region still records highest number of malaria cases with prevalence up to 63%. This study assesses household predicators of malaria in the region and its impact on incidence of malaria at household levels.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of Gulu, Oyam, Kitgum and Agago covering sixteen known hyper-endemics villages with high malaria burden in northern Uganda. In total, 193 households were surveyed. Data was collected through pre-tested structured questionnaires and systematically coded and analyzed using R software.Results:Women headed 58% of the 193 households surveyed. Six hundred and five (605) individuals were declared to have spent a night in the 193 households surveyed. Nighttime is when mosquitoes mostly gain access to victims in the study area. On average, there were two bed nets per household and out of the 605 individuals declared, 502 502 (86%) spent the night prior to interview under a bed net. Despite this effort, these households still reported malaria incidences in the last three months. Overall, children were prone to malaria more than adults by a ratio of 3:2, and in general, malaria incidences were strongly related to lack of bed nets or use thereof, and also linked directly to the number of individuals in a house. Households without bed nets controlled malaria by means of IRS in combination with closing doors (with the hope of keeping mosquitos at bay), draining stagnant water pool where mosquitos lay their eggs, trimming mosquito covers (grass) around homestead and/or receiving treatment after malaria incidences. When given a choice between insecticides (IRS) and treated bed nets, 1 in 3 households preferred treated bed nets. At the same time, bed nets were perceived unnecessary once IRS was applied. If true, the driving force to spraying insecticides indoor then becomes lack of a bed net. Conclusions:Household predicators of incidence of malaria in northern Uganda includes bed nets, use of treated bed nets, and indoor residual spraying with households not practicing any of these bearing the heaviest burden of malaria. Hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) clusters households into four types in northern Uganda, 1) household that use bed nets and sleep in houses sprayed with insecticides; 2) households that use bed nets but no indoor residual spraying with insecticides; 3) households that have no bed nets and no indoor residual spraying; and 4) test bed nets before use. An opportunity therefore arises for tailoring malaria messages to fit each cluster of households given that clustering here appears not to be random. Malaria incidence was higher in children as compared to the adults that necessities having guidelines for management of interventions in local community setting.

Predictors of Malaria Among Malaysian Aborigines

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Orang Asli

The Asia-Pacific region has at least 50% of its population at risk for malaria. In Malaysia, indigenous malaria is largely concentrated among the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an Orang Asli community in the district of Raub, Pahang, to determine the predictors of malaria. Age, seldom/never wearing protective clothing while in the jungle, going out at night, ever staying in another village, and living in bamboo-walled homes were found to be associated with malaria (crude odds ratio = 1.8-4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-9.1) After adjusting for confounding, major predictors of malaria were age ≤12 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.3;95% CI = 2.2-8.4),), never/seldom wearing protective clothing while in the jungle (aOR = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.8-8.0), and going out at night (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.4-4.8). The findings lend support for intensifying behaviour modification in this population.

scholarly journals The protective effectiveness of control interventions for malaria prevention: a systematic review of the literature

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kesteman ◽  
Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia ◽  
Christophe Rogier
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Protective Effectiveness

Background: Thanks to a considerable increase in funding, malaria control interventions (MCI) whose efficacy had been demonstrated by controlled trials have been largely scaled up during the last decade. Nevertheless, it was not systematically investigated whether this efficacy had been preserved once deployed on the field. Therefore, we sought the literature to assess the disparities between efficacy and effectiveness and the effort to measure the protective effectiveness (PE) of MCI. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for references with keywords related to malaria, to control interventions for prevention and to study designs that allow for the measure of the PE against parasitemia or against clinical outcomes. Results: Our search retrieved 1423 references, and 162 articles were included in the review. Publications were scarce before the year 2000 but dramatically increased afterwards. Bed nets was the MCI most studied (82.1%). The study design most used was a cross-sectional study (65.4%). Two thirds (67.3%) were conducted at the district level or below, and the majority (56.8%) included only children even if the MCI didn’t target only children. Not all studies demonstrated a significant PE from exposure to MCI: 60.6% of studies evaluating bed nets, 50.0% of those evaluating indoor residual spraying, and 4/8 showed an added PE of using both interventions as compared with one only; this proportion was 62.5% for intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women, and 20.0% for domestic use of insecticides. Conclusions: This review identified numerous local findings of low, non-significant PE –or even the absence of a protective effect provided by these MCIs. The identification of such failures in the effectiveness of MCIs advocates for the investigation of the causes of the problem found. Ideal evaluations of the PE of MCIs should incorporate both a large representativeness and an evaluation of the PE stratified by subpopulations.

Malaria Prevention and Mothers: Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif Elmosaad ◽  
Ahmed Al Rajeh ◽  
Asif khan ◽  
Elfatih Malik ◽  
Ilias Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Positive Attitudes

This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in malaria prevention using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) among mothers of children under five years of age in White Nile State, Sudan. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select 761 mothers for this cross-sectional survey. There were gaps in the KAP in malaria prevention. Only 46.3% of the mothers stated personal protective measures (PPMs) as the best malaria prevention strategy; 54.9% considered ITNs as an effective means; and only 18.7% reported sleeping under an ITN every day. Older mothers were less likely to have good knowledge (OR=0.96), attitudes (OR=0.98) and practices (OR=0.98). Having a Government employee as the head of the household was positively associated with knowledge (OR=2.16) and attitudes (OR=1.96). The mother having a formal education was also positively associated with good knowledge (OR=1.55) and positive attitudes (OR=1.69). Mothers with a monthly household income of <491 Sudanese Pound were more likely to have good knowledge (OR=1.43). Mothers who had good knowledge (OR=4.99) and positive attitudes towards PPMs (OR=2.60) in malaria prevention were found to be more likely to practice preventive measures. Therefore, we recommend focusing on raising mothers’ awareness of the different preventive activities to protect them and their family from malaria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document