Effect of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid levels on leukocyte telomere lengths in the Singaporean Chinese population

Abstract Background Shorter telomere length (TL) has been associated with poor health behaviors, increased risks of chronic diseases and early mortality. Excessive shortening of telomere is a marker of accelerated aging and can be influenced by oxidative stress and nutritional deficiency. Plasma n6:n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio may impact cell aging. Increased dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFA is associated with reduced telomere attrition. However, the effect of plasma PUFA on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and its interaction with genetic variants are not well established. Methods A nested coronary artery disease (CAD) case-control study comprising 711 cases and 638 controls was conducted within the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS). Samples genotyped with the Illumina ZhongHua-8 array. Plasma n-3 and n-6 PUFA were quantified using mass spectrometry (MS). LTL was measured with quantitative PCR method. Linear regression was used to test the association between PUFA and LTL. The interaction between plasma PUFAs and genetic variants was assessed by introducing an additional term (PUFA×genetic variant) in the regression model. Analysis was carried out in cases and controls separately and subsequently meta-analyzed using the inverse-variance weighted method. We further assessed the association of PUFA and LTL with CAD risk by Cox Proportional-Hazards model and whether the effect of PUFA on CAD was mediated through LTL by using structural equation modeling. Results Higher n6:n3 ratio was significantly associated with shorter LTL (p = 0.018) and increased CAD risk (p = 0.005). These associations were mainly driven by elevated plasma total n-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant interaction for an intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs529143 with plasma total n-3 PUFA and DHA on LTL beyond the genome-wide threshold (p < 5 × 10− 8). Mediation analysis showed that PUFA and LTL affected CAD risk independently. Conclusions Higher plasma n6:n3 PUFA ratio, and lower EPA and DHA n-3 PUFAs were associated with shorter LTL and increased CAD risk in this Chinese population. Furthermore, genetic variants may modify the effect of PUFAs on LTL. PUFA and LTL had independent effect on CAD risk in our study population.

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SUPPLEMENTATION WITH 2:1 RATIO OF N-6:N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID IMPROVES LIVER STEATOSIS AND SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS IN YOUNG OBESE BALINESE WOMEN: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.20851 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

I Wayan Weta ◽

Mahadewa Tjokorda Gb ◽

Wayan P Sutirtayasa ◽

Anak Agung Ngurah Subawa ◽

Safarina G Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Body ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Women ◽

Pufa Ratio ◽

Tnf Α

Objectives: In addition to the rise in obesity prevalence globally, morbidity due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing. Primary modalities for preventing and managing this problem include dietary modification and improved physical activities. A daily diet with a low n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is suspected to contribute to ameliorating liver steatosis (LS). The present study was conducted to elucidate the effects of an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 in alleviating LS.Methods: Twenty-four young obese women with LS were recruited from Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. They were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. Both groups were given linoleic acid:α-linolenic acid at ratios of 2035:970 and 240:100 g, respectively, for 12 weeks. Baseline and end-line data were obtained. All patients were advised to maintain their daily energy intake no more than 1500 kcal and to perform structured physical exercises once a week.Results: The intervention significantly decreased the body fat (body mass index, p=0.040; triglyceride, p=0.008) and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (p=0.002) and increased serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels (p=0.004). The severity of LS was reduced through the intervention (odds ratio=0.064; 95% confidence interval=0.013-0.310; p=0.001).Conclusion: An increased intake of 2:1 n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio alleviated LS, decreased body fat composition and serum TNF-α levels, and increased serum IL-10 levels.

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Serum Carotenoids, Tocopherols, Total n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio Reflect Brain Concentrations in a Cohort of Centenarians

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/gly125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 306-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jirayu Tanprasertsuk ◽

Emily S Mohn ◽

Nirupa R Matthan ◽

Alice H Lichtenstein ◽

Kathryn Barger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Ratio ◽

Total N ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Serum Carotenoids

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The effect of linseed diet on carcass value traits and fatty acid composition in muscle and fat tissue of fattening pigs

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/197/2009-cjas ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 313-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Bečková ◽

E. Václavková

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Arachidonic Acid Content ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Feed Mixture ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽

Total N ◽

Pufa Ratio ◽

Fattening Pigs

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of linseed in the diet of fattening pigs on carcass value traits and changes in the fatty acid profile in muscle and fat tissue. Thirty crossbred gilts were divided into two groups (control C and experimental L) and fed a commercial feed mixture for fattening pigs. Ground linseed was added to a feed mixture for the experimental group. The average daily gain, lean meat percentage and intramuscular fat content were not affected by the linseed diet but pH1 value and drip loss were significantly influenced by dietary treatment (P < 0.01). The inclusion of linseed increased linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid content in L group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) while arachidonic acid content was decreased in both muscle (P > 0.05) and fat tissue (P < 0.01). The content of total n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA and their ratio were also determined. A significant decrease in the n-6/n-3PUFA ratio was found in L group compared to C group (P < 0.01). The total SFA content in muscle tissue was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the linseed diet but it was decreased (P < 0.01) in backfat. The MUFA/SFA ratio was not affected by the linseed diet (P > 0.05) whereas the SFA/PUFA ratio was reduced (P < 0.01).

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Influence of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio on the lipid metabolism of isolated working rat heart and cultured cardiomyocytes L. Demaison, A. Grynberg and P. Bouveret. INRA, Unit� de Nutrition Lipidique, 17 rue Sully, 21034 Dijon, France

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology ◽

10.1016/0022-2828(92)93291-q ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 34

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Rat Heart ◽

Pufa Ratio ◽

Cultured Cardiomyocytes ◽

Working Rat Heart

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Telomere length, genetic variants and gastric cancer risk in a Chinese population

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/bgv075 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 963-970 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Jiangbo Du ◽

Xun Zhu ◽

Cuiwei Xie ◽

Ningbin Dai ◽

Yayun Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Gastric Cancer Risk

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The influence of maternal and child FADS genotype on cord blood polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120001342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Marie C. Conway ◽

Maria S. Mulhern ◽

Emeir M. McSorley ◽

J.J. Strain ◽

Edwin van Wijngaarden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Minor Allele ◽

Total Serum ◽

Heterozygous Genotype ◽

Total N ◽

Allele Homozygote ◽

Homozygous Genotype ◽

Major Allele

AbstractOptimal maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status is essential for foetal development. The desaturase enzymes, encoded by the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes, are involved in the endogenous synthesis of long chain (LC)PUFA and influence maternal LCPUFA concentrations. The minor allele of various FADS SNPs has been associated with increased maternal concentrations of the precursors linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and lower concentrations of the LCPUFA arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); however, there is limited research to date on the influence of FADS genotype on cord PUFA status. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of maternal and child genetic variation on cord blood PUFA status in a high fish-eating cohort.Cord blood samples collected from mother-child pairs (n = 1088) taking part in the Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS) Nutrition Cohort 2 (NC2) were analysed for total serum PUFA. Maternal (n = 1088) and child genotype (n = 592) were determined for the FADS SNPs rs174537, rs174561, rs174575, and rs3834458. Regression analysis determined associations between maternal and child FADS genotype and cord PUFA status. In all regression models, the major allele homozygote genotype for each SNP was used as the reference group.Directions of significant associations were as predicted. In mothers, the minor allele homozygote genotype for SNPs rs174537, rs174561 and rs3834458 was associated with lower cord DHA and lower total n-3 PUFA when compared to the major allele homozygous genotype (p < 0.05 for all). The heterozygous genotype was associated with increased concentrations of LA compared to the reference genotype for rs174561 (p = 0.021) and rs383448 (p = 0.023). In children, the heterozygous genotype was associated with lower AA concentrations and lower cord n-6:n-3 ratio for all SNPs (p < 0.05 for all) compared to those with the major allele homozygous genotype. A lower cord AA:LA ratio was also observed for children heterozygous for rs174547, rs174561 and rs174575 (p < 0.05 for all). Contrary to expected, there were no associations between cord PUFA concentrations and child minor allele homozygous genotype.The current study indicates that variation in maternal and child FADS genotype influences cord PUFA concentrations, despite the high intake of preformed dietary LCPUFA from fish in this population. The sample size for minor allele homozygous children was likely too small to observe any statistically significant associations in the current analysis. Further research is needed to determine whether increased dietary intake can compensate for lower PUFA status as a result of FADS genotype.

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The impact of FADS genetic variants on ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in African Americans

BMC Genetics ◽

10.1186/1471-2156-12-50 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 50 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Rasika A Mathias ◽

Susan Sergeant ◽

Ingo Ruczinski ◽

Dara G Torgerson ◽

Christina E Hugenschmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

African Americans ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

The Impact

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Effects of increasing dietary fat inclusion from different sources on growth performance, carcass and meat traits, and pork nutritional profile quality

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39363/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vivian Vezzoni Almeida ◽

Julia Pereira Martins da Silva ◽

Ariana Nascimento Meira ◽

Gabriel Costa Monteiro Moreira ◽

Julia Dezen Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Total N ◽

Pufa Ratio ◽

Commercial Diet

Abstract Background There has been an increased interest in nutritional strategies to manipulate the fatty acid profile of pigs. Dietary regimens involving the use of oils that are high in monosaturated fatty acid (MUFA), primarily oleic acid (OA), such as canola oil (CO), as well as in omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which are found in fish oil (FO), have been investigated aiming healthier fatty acid profile cuts, with a higher ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids. Therefore, the effects of including 3% soybean oil (SO), CO, or FO in growing-finishing pig diets vs. feeding a standard commercial diet with 1.5% SO (control) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, consumer acceptability, and intramuscular fatty acid composition of the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle were evaluated. Results Dietary treatments had no effect on overall growth performance and pig carcasses. Although loins from pigs fed diets containing either 3% SO or CO showed a reduction (P = 0.05) in Warner-Bratzler shear force, only the addition of 3% SO to pig diets resulted in loin chops that were rated higher (P < 0.001) for consumer overall liking. Adding either 3% SO or CO increased (P < 0.01) the percentages of OA and total MUFA in the LL intramuscular fat compared to control- or FO-fed pigs. However, intramuscular fat from 3% SO- or CO-fed pigs had the lowest (P < 0.01) proportion of total n-3 PUFA than control- or FO-fed pigs. Including 3% fat, regardless of source, reduced (P < 0.01) total PUFA, total n-6 PUFA, and PUFA:saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio than control-fed pigs. Dietary FO inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, but also increased total SFA (P < 0.01) and atherogenic index (P = 0.02) in the LL intramuscular fat. Conclusions Although adding 3% CO or FO to pig diets provided slight nutritional benefits to consumers in terms of MUFA and long chain n-3 PUFA contents, respectively, formulating growing-finishing diets with 1.5% SO was adequate enough in terms of LL intramuscular fatty acids composition for high quality meat destined to human consumption.

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