scholarly journals Conjugation of VEGFR1/R2-targeting peptide with gold nanoparticles to enhance antiangiogenic and antitumoral activity

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Zanjanchi ◽  
S. Mohsen Asghari ◽  
Hassan Mohabatkar ◽  
Mostafa Shourian ◽  
Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Antitumoral Activity ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Abstract Background Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis through simultaneous targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and -2 is highly efficacious. An antagonist peptide of VEGFA/VEGFB, referred to as VGB3, can recognize and neutralize both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 on the endothelial and tumoral cells, thereby inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. However, improved efficacy and extending injection intervals is required for its clinical translation. Given that gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can enhance the efficacy of biotherapeutics, we conjugated VGB3 to GNPs to enhance its efficacy and extends the intervals between treatments without adverse effects. Results GNP–VGB3 bound to VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) and 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. GNP–VGB3 induced cell cycle arrest, ROS overproduction and apoptosis and inhibited proliferation and migration of endothelial and tumor cells more effectively than unconjugated VGB3 or GNP. In a murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma tumor model, GNP–VGB3 more strongly than VGB3 and GNP inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, and increased animal survival without causing weight loss. The superior antitumor effects were associated with durable targeting of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, thereby inhibiting signaling pathways of proliferation, migration, differentiation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and survival in tumor tissues. MicroCT imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that GNP–VGB3 specifically target tumors and exhibit greater accumulation within tumors than the free GNPs. Conclusion Conjugation to GNPs not only improved the efficacy of VGB3 peptide but also extended the intervals between treatments without adverse effects. These results suggest that GNP–VGB3 is a promising candidate for clinical translation. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling in Tumor Growth and Metastasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Singh ◽  
Smitha Pillai ◽  
Srikumar Chellappan
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Promote Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

Cigarette smoking is highly correlated with the onset of a variety of human cancers, and continued smoking is known to abrogate the beneficial effects of cancer therapy. While tobacco smoke contains hundreds of molecules that are known carcinogens, nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco smoke, is not carcinogenic. At the same time, nicotine has been shown to promote cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to enhanced tumor growth and metastasis. These effects of nicotine are mediated through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are expressed on a variety of neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Specific signal transduction cascades that emanate from different nAChR subunits or subunit combinations facilitate the proliferative and prosurvival functions of nicotine. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors appear to stimulate many downstream signaling cascades induced by growth factors and mitogens. It has been suggested that antagonists of nAChR signaling might have antitumor effects and might open new avenues for combating tobacco-related cancer. This paper examines the historical data connecting nicotine tumor progression and the recent efforts to target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to combat cancer.

scholarly journals sFlt-1 Gene Therapy of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caisheng Ye ◽  
Chong Feng ◽  
Shenming Wang ◽  
Kent Z. Q. Wang ◽  
Nancy Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Tumor Angiogenesis ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Antitumor Effects

Abstract Tumor progression largely depends on blood supply and neovessel formation, and angiogenesis is emerging as a promising target for cancer therapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major proangiogenic molecule, stimulates angiogenesis via promoting endothelial proliferation, survival and migration. VEGF has been found to be up-regulated in various types of tumors and to be associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Inhibition of VEGF or its signaling pathway has been shown to suppress tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. In the present study, we tested the antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of soluble VEGF receptor-1 [soluble Flt (sFlt)-1] on the growth of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). We constructed a 293 embryonic kidney cell line (293-Flt1–3d) that expresses sFlt-1, which is composed of the first three extracellular domains of Flt-1. The 293-Flt1–3d cells inhibited the in vitro growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. The in vivo antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of the 293-Flt1–3d cells were tested. When 293-Flt1–3d cells were inoculated at a site remote to the FTC-133 tumor transplant, the growth of FTC-133 tumors were inhibited by 70.37%, as compared with the control treatment with 293 cells expressing control gene LacZ. Immunohistochemical analysis of microvessel densities in treated tumors demonstrated that 293-Flt1–3d cells robustly suppressed intratumoral angiogenesis. Our data suggest that a mammalian cell-mediated approach could effectively deliver sFlt-1 gene therapy and inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.

scholarly journals Hispolon Induces Apoptosis, Suppresses Migration and Invasion of Glioblastoma Cells and Inhibits GBM Xenograft Tumor Growth In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4497
Author(s):  
Kuan-Fu Liao ◽  
Tsung-Lang Chiu ◽  
Shu-Fang Chang ◽  
Mei-Jen Wang ◽  
Sheng-Chun Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cyclin B1 ◽  
Parp Cleavage ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Hispolon, a polyphenol compound isolated from Phellinus linteus, has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities. This study aimed to explore the antitumor effects of hispolon on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that hispolon significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Hispolon also induced cell cycle G2/M phase arrest in GBM cells, as supported by flow cytometry analysis and confirmed by a decrease in cyclin B1, cdc2, and cdc25c protein expressions in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, hispolon suppressed the migration and invasion of GBM cells by modulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers via wound healing, transwell assays, and real-time PCR. Moreover, hispolon significantly reduced tumor growth in DBTRG xenograft mice and activated caspase-3 in hispolon-treated tumors. Thus, our findings revealed that hispolon is a potential candidate for the treatment of GBM.

scholarly journals HDAC4 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and serves as a therapeutic target

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Cheng ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Si-Wei Li ◽  
Guofu Huang ◽  
Chenxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
E Cadherin

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in tumor progression, and some have been successfully targeted for cancer therapy. The expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a class IIa HDAC, was upregulated in our previous microarray screen. However, the role of HDAC4 dysregulation and mechanisms underlying tumor growth and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain elusive. Here, we first confirmed that the HDAC4 levels in primary and metastatic NPC tissues were significantly increased compared with those in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues and found that high HDAC4 expression predicted a poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Functionally, HDAC4 accelerated cell cycle G1/S transition and induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to promote NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Intriguingly, knockdown of N-CoR abolished the effects of HDAC4 on the invasion and migration abilities of NPC cells. Mechanistically, HDAC3/4 binds to the E-cadherin promoter to repress E-cadherin transcription. We also showed that the HDAC4 inhibitor tasquinimod suppresses tumor growth in NPC. Thus, HDAC4 may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in patients with NPC.

scholarly journals Cancer-associated fibroblast secretion of PDGFC promotes gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and metastasis

Oncogene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957-1973
Author(s):  
Hyunho Yoon ◽  
Chih-Min Tang ◽  
Sudeep Banerjee ◽  
Mayra Yebra ◽  
Sangkyu Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Stromal Tumor ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
Factor C

AbstractTargeted therapies for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) are modestly effective, but GIST cannot be cured with single agent tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, we sought to identify new therapeutic targets in GIST by investigating the tumor microenvironment. Here, we identified a paracrine signaling network by which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) drive GIST growth and metastasis. Specifically, CAFs isolated from human tumors were found to produce high levels of platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGFC), which activated PDGFC-PDGFRA signal transduction in GIST cells that regulated the expression of SLUG, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor and downstream target of PDGFRA signaling. Together, this paracrine induce signal transduction cascade promoted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, in metastatic GIST patients, SLUG expression positively correlated with tumor size and mitotic index. Given that CAF paracrine signaling modulated GIST biology, we directly targeted CAFs with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, which synergized with imatinib to increase tumor cell killing and in vivo disease response. Taken together, we identified a previously unappreciated cellular target for GIST therapy in order to improve disease control and cure rates.

735 Impact of reversing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program on tumor metabolism and immune suppression

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A779-A779
Author(s):  
Michelle Williams ◽  
Jessica Christenson ◽  
Kathleen O’Neill ◽  
Sabrina Hafeez ◽  
Nicole Spoelstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma Cells

BackgroundTo identify novel molecular mechanisms used by triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) to facilitate metastasis, we manipulated oncogenic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by restoring the microRNA-200c (miR-200c), termed ‘the guardian of the epithelial phenotype.’ We identified several tumor cell catabolizing enzymes, including tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The Richer lab has published that TDO2 promotes anchorage independent cell survival during TNBC metastasis via its catabolite kynurenine, which also induces CD8+ T cell death. Similarly, published studies have demonstrated that HO-1 supports BC anchorage independent survival. However, effects of the HO-1 catabolite bilirubin on the tumor microenvironment had not been studied. We postulated that TNBC utilize targetable catabolizing enzymes, like HO-1, to simultaneously support tumor cell survival and dampen the anti-tumor immune response.MethodsTo test our hypothesis in an immune competent mouse model, Met-1 mammary carcinoma cells from a late stage MMTV-PyMT tumor were engineered to inducibly express miR-200c. Tumor cell infiltrates were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry and multispectral fluorescence. RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were cultured with conditioned medium from carcinoma cells ± miR-200c or the HO-1 competitive inhibitor tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP). RAW264.7 macrophages were also treated with 0–20 µM bilirubin and macrophage polarization and efferocytic capacity, the ability to engulf dead tumor cells, were assessed using qRT-PCR and IncuCyte assays.ResultsMiR-200c restoration to Met-1 orthotopic tumors decreased growth by 45% and increased infiltration of CD11c+ dendritic cells and activation, determined by CD44 expression, of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. While the number of F4/80+ macrophages was unchanged by miR-200c, the percent of M1 anti-tumor macrophages (F4/80+iNOS+/total cells) increased by >6-fold in miR-200c+tumors. RAW264.7 macrophages cultured with conditioned medium from miR-200c-restored mammary carcinoma cells had a 25–95% decrease in M2 pro-tumor genes (Arg1, Il4 and Il13) and a 15–55% increase in M1 genes (Nos2, Tnfa and Cxcl10). A similar decrease in M2 (30–50%) and increase M1 (35–160%) genes was seen in macrophages cultured with conditioned medium from SnMP treated mammary carcinoma cells. Conversely, bilirubin treatment alone enhanced M2 macrophage polarization and inhibited efferocytosis in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionsUse of miR-200c to reverse EMT revealed that HO-1 promotes simultaneous TNBC cell survival and immune suppression. These studies are the first to show that tumor cell-HO-1 activity and subsequent bilirubin production may alter macrophage function in the tumor microenvironment. This finding could be clinically relevant since HO-1 inhibitors like SnMP are already FDA approved for treatment of other diseases.

scholarly journals Beneficial Actions of Orostachys japonica and Its Compounds against Tumors via MAPK Signaling Pathways

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Soyoung Hur ◽  
Eungyeong Jang ◽  
Jang-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Perennial Plant

Tumors are one of the most life-threatening diseases, and a variety of cancer treatment options have been continuously introduced in order to overcome cancer and improve conventional therapy. Orostachys japonica (O. japonica), which is a perennial plant belonging to the genus Orostachys of the Crassulaceae family, has been revealed to exhibit pharmacological properties against various tumors in numerous studies. The present review aimed to discuss the biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms of O. japonica and its representative compounds—kaempferol and quercetin—against tumors. O. japonica reportedly has antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, and antimetastatic activities against various types of malignant tumors through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, a blockade of downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGFR2 pathways, and the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, emerging studies have highlighted the antitumor efficacy of kaempferol and quercetin. Interestingly, it was found that alterations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are involved in the pivotal mechanisms of the antitumor effects of O. japonica and its two compounds against cancer cell overgrowth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In summary, O. japonica could be considered a preventive and therapeutic medicinal plant which exhibits antitumor actions by reversing altered patterns of MAPK cascades, and kaempferol and quercetin might be potential components that can contribute to the efficacy and underlying mechanism of O. japonica.

scholarly journals The targetable nanoparticle BAF312@cRGD-CaP-NP represses tumor growth and angiogenesis by downregulating the S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis in triple-negative breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Gong ◽  
Juyang Jiao ◽  
Chaoqun Xu ◽  
Yang Dong ◽  
Dongxiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract Background Overexpressed vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (P-STAT3) cause unrestricted tumor growth and angiogenesis of breast cancer (BRCA), especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hence, novel treatment strategy is urgently needed. Results We found sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) can regulate P-STAT3/VEGFA. Database showed S1PR1 is highly expressed in BRCA and causes the poor prognosis of patients. Interrupting the expression of S1PR1 could inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and suppress the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via affecting S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis. Siponimod (BAF312) is a selective antagonist of S1PR1, which inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in vitro by downregulating the S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis. We prepared pH-sensitive and tumor-targeted shell-core structure nanoparticles, in which hydrophilic PEG2000 modified with the cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) formed the shell, hydrophobic DSPE formed the core, and CaP (calcium and phosphate ions) was adsorbed onto the shell; the nanoparticles were used to deliver BAF312 (BAF312@cRGD-CaP-NPs). The size and potential of the nanoparticles were 109.9 ± 1.002 nm and − 10.6 ± 0.056 mV. The incorporation efficacy for BAF312 was 81.4%. Results confirmed BAF312@cRGD-CaP-NP could dramatically inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in vitro and in MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice via downregulating the S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis. Conclusions Our data suggest a potent role for BAF312@cRGD-CaP-NPs in treating BRCA, especially TNBC by downregulating the S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Microtubule Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis in Feline Luminal Mammary Carcinoma Cells

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Filipe Almeida ◽  
Andreia Gameiro ◽  
Jorge Correia ◽  
Fernando Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Antitumor Effects

Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is the third most common type of neoplasia in cats, sharing similar epidemiological features with human breast cancer. In humans, histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, with HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) disrupting gene expression and leading to cell death. In parallel, microtubules inhibitors (MTIs) interfere with the polymerization of microtubules, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Although HDACis and MTIs are used in human cancer patients, in cats, data is scarce. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor properties of six HDACis (CI-994, panobinostat, SAHA, SBHA, scriptaid, and trichostatin A) and four MTIs (colchicine, nocodazole, paclitaxel, and vinblastine) using three FMC cell lines (CAT-MT, FMCp, and FMCm), and compared with the human breast cancer cell line (SK-BR-3). HDACis and MTIs exhibited dose-dependent antitumor effects in FMC cell lines, and for all inhibitors, the IC50 values were determined, with one feline cell line showing reduced susceptibility (FMCm). Immunoblot analysis confirmed an increase in the acetylation status of core histone protein HDAC3 and flow cytometry showed that HDACis and MTIs lead to cellular apoptosis. Overall, our study uncovers HDACis and MTIs as promising anti-cancer agents to treat FMCs.

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