scholarly journals The health impact of smokeless tobacco products: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hajat ◽  
E. Stein ◽  
L. Ramstrom ◽  
S. Shantikumar ◽  
R. Polosa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Introduction The objective was to systematically review studies on health outcomes from smokeless tobacco (SLT) products. Methods We analysed published literature on the health outcomes from SLT use between 01/01/2015 to 01/02/2020, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results Of 53 studies included, six were global, 32 from Asia, Middle East and Africa (AMEA), nine from USA and six from Europe. ‘Poor’-rated studies predominated (23;43%), in particular, for global (4;66%) and AMEA (16;50%). Health outcomes differed between SLT-products and regions; those in AMEA were associated with higher mortality (overall, cancer, Coronary heart disease (CHD), respiratory but not cardiovascular disease (CVD)), and morbidity (CVD, oral and head and neck cancers), with odds ratios up to 38.7. European studies showed no excess mortality (overall, CVD, from cancers) or morbidity (ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, oral, head and neck, pancreatic or colon cancers) from several meta-analyses; single studies reported elevated risk of rectal cancer and respiratory disorders. Pooled study data showed protection against developing Parkinson’s disease. US studies showed mixed results for mortality (raised overall, CHD, cancer and smoking-related cancer mortality; no excess risk of respiratory or CVD mortality). Morbidity outcomes were also mixed, with some evidence of increased IHD, stroke and cancer risk (oral, head and neck). No studies reported on switching from cigarettes to SLT-products. Conclusion Our review demonstrates stark differences between different SLT-products in different regions, ranging from zero harm from European snus to greatly increased health risks in AMEA. The literature on the safety profile for SLT-products for harm reduction is incomplete and potentially misinforming policy and regulation.

scholarly journals The Health Impact of Smokeless Tobacco Products: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cother Hajat ◽  
Emma Stein ◽  
Lars Ramstrom ◽  
Saran Shantikumar ◽  
Riccardo Polosa
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe objective was to systematically review studies reporting on health outcomes from smokeless tobacco (SLT) products.MethodsWe included published literature on the health impact of SLT from 01/01/2015 until 01/02/2020 following the PRISMA protocol using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar. ResultsOf 321 studies identified, 53 met eligibility criteria; 23(43%) were rated as poor, 21(39%) fair and 9(17%) as good. Health outcomes differed starkly between SLT products and global regions. SLT products in Asia, Middle East and Africa were associated with higher mortality (overall, cancer, CHD, respiratory but not CVD), and morbidity (CVD, oral and head and neck cancers), with odds ratios as high as 39 (shammah use). European studies showed no excess mortality (overall, CVD, from cancers) or morbidity (IHD, stroke, oral, head and neck, pancreatic or colon cancers) from several meta-analyses but single studies reporting elevated risk of rectal cancer and respiratory disorders. Pooled studies showed a protective effect against developing Parkinson’s disease. US studies showed mixed results for mortality (raised overall, CHD, cancer and smoking-related cancer mortality; no excess risk of respiratory or CVD mortality). Morbidity outcomes were also mixed, with some evidence of increased IHD, stroke and cancer risk (oral, head and neck). No studies reported on the health impact of switching from cigarettes to SLT products. ConclusionOur review has demonstrated stark differences between different SLT products in different regions on health impact, ranging from no harm from European snus to greatly increased health risks from SLT products used in Asia, Middle East and Africa. The literature on the impact of SLT products for harm reduction is incomplete and potentially misinforming policy and regulation.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of telemedicine in the management of chronic heart disease – a systematic review

JRSM Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205427041668174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens S Kruse ◽  
Mounica Soma ◽  
Deepthi Pulluri ◽  
Naga T Nemali ◽  
Matthew Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Chronic Heart Disease ◽  
Alternative Modality ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of telemedicine in managing chronic heart disease patients concerning improvement in varied health attributes. Design This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standard. Setting We adopted a logical search process used in two main research databases, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PubMed (MEDLINE). Four reviewers meticulously screened 151 abstracts to determine relevancy and significance to our research objectives. The final sample in the literature review consisted of 20 articles. Main outcome measures We looked for improved medical outcomes as the main outcome measure. Results Our results indicated that telemedicine is highly associated with the reduction in hospitalisations and readmissions (9 of 20 articles, 45%). The other significant attributes most commonly encountered were improved mortality and cost-effectiveness (both 40%) and improved health outcomes (35%). Patient satisfaction occurred the least in the literature, mentioned in only 2 of 20 articles (10%). There was no significant mention of an increase in patient satisfaction because of telemedicine. Conclusions We concluded that telemedicine is considered to be effective in quality measures such as readmissions, moderately effective in health outcomes, only marginally effective in customer satisfaction. Telemedicine shows promise on an alternative modality of care for cardiovascular disease, but additional exploration should continue to quantify the quality measures.

Delay in head and neck cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on health outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudiane MAHL ◽  
Luís Ricardo Santos de MELO ◽  
Maria Helena Andrade ALMEIDA ◽  
Catarina Sampaio CARVALHO ◽  
Lois Lene Silva SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Cancer Care

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Tai Chi for Health Promotion of Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Meta-Analyses

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110012
Author(s):  
Fei-Chi Yang ◽  
Aishwarya B. Desai ◽  
Pelareh Esfahani ◽  
Tatiana V. Sokolovskaya ◽  
Doreen J. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
General Health ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background. Tai Chi is a form of exercise that is accessible to people from different socioeconomic backgrounds, making it a potentially valuable activity for health promotion of older adults. Purpose. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the current knowledge about the effectiveness of Tai Chi for older adults across a range of general health outcomes from published, peer reviewed, unique meta-analyses. Methods. Meta-analyses were retrieved from Medline, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed Health, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to late August 2019. Multistage deduplication and screening processes identified eligible full-length meta-analyses. Two people independently appraised 27 meta-analyses based on the GRADE system and organized results into 3 appendices subsequently collated into heterogeneous, statistically significant, and statistically insignificant tables. Results. “High” and “moderate” quality evidence extracted from these meta-analyses demonstrated that practicing Tai Chi can significantly improve balance, cardiorespiratory fitness, cognition, mobility, proprioception, sleep, and strength; reduce the incidence of falls and nonfatal stroke; and decrease stroke risk factors. Conclusions. Health care providers can now recommend Tai Chi with high level of certainty for health promotion of older adults across a range of general health outcomes for improvement of overall well-being.

scholarly journals Potential impact of physical distancing on physical and mental health: a rapid narrative umbrella review of meta-analyses on the link between social connection and health

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e042335
Author(s):  
Nexhmedin Morina ◽  
Ahlke Kip ◽  
Thole Hilko Hoppen ◽  
Stefan Priebe ◽  
Thomas Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundThe imperative for physical distancing (mostly referred to as social distancing) during COVID-19 pandemic may deteriorate physical and mental health. We aimed at summarising the strength of evidence in the published literature on the association of physical and mental health with social connection via social isolation, living alone and loneliness.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in April 2020 to identify meta-analyses using the Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included terms of social isolation, loneliness, living alone and meta-analysis. Eligible meta-analyses needed to report any sort of association between an indicator of social connection and any physical or mental health outcome. The findings were summarised in a narrative synthesis.ResultsTwenty-five meta-analyses met our criteria, of which 10 focused on physical health and 15 on mental health outcomes. The results suggest that lack of social connection is associated with chronic physical symptoms, frailty, coronary heart disease, malnutrition, hospital readmission, reduced vaccine uptake, early mortality, depression, social anxiety, psychosis, cognitive impairment in later life and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThe existing evidence clearly indicates that social connection is associated with a range of poor physical and mental health outcomes. A potential negative impact on these outcomes needs to be considered in future decisions on physical distancing measures.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Strategies for Untreated Capillary Malformations of the Head and Neck Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonca Cinkara ◽  
Ginger Beau Langbroek ◽  
Chantal M. A. M. van der Horst ◽  
Albert Wolkerstorfer ◽  
Sophie E. R. Horbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Meta Analyses

scholarly journals Clinical significance of tumor-stroma ratio in head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhadi Almangush ◽  
Rasheed Omobolaji Alabi ◽  
Giuseppe Troiano ◽  
Ricardo D. Coletta ◽  
Tuula Salo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background The clinical significance of tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) has been examined in many tumors. Here we systematically reviewed all studies that evaluated TSR in head and neck cancer. Methods Four databases (Scopus, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched using the term tumo(u)r-stroma ratio. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) were followed. Results TSR was studied in nine studies of different subsites (including cohorts of nasopharyngeal, oral, laryngeal and pharyngeal carcinomas). In all studies, TSR was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Classifying tumors based on TSR seems to allow for identification of high-risk cases. In oral cancer, specifically, our meta-analysis showed that TSR is significantly associated with both cancer-related mortality (HR 2.10, 95%CI 1.56–2.84) and disease-free survival (HR 1.84, 95%CI 1.38–2.46). Conclusions The assessment of TSR has a promising prognostic value and can be implemented with minimum efforts in routine head and neck pathology.

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