scholarly journals Supplement intake in half-marathon, (ultra-)marathon and 10-km runners – results from the NURMI study (Step 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirnitzer Katharina ◽  
Motevalli Mohamad ◽  
Tanous Derrick ◽  
Gregori Martina ◽  
Wirnitzer Gerold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Supplement Intake

AbstractThe primary nutritional challenge facing endurance runners is meeting the nutrient requirements necessary to optimize the performance and recovery of prolonged training sessions. Supplement intake is a commonly used strategy by elite and recreational distance runners to meet nutritional recommendations. This study was conducted to investigate the patterns of supplement intake among different groups of distance runners and the potential association between supplement intake and sex, age, running and racing experiences.In a cross-sectional design, from a total of 317 runners participating in this survey, 119 distance runners were involved in the final sample after data clearance, assigned into three groups of 10-km runners (n = 24), half-marathoners (n = 44), and (ultra-)marathoners (n = 51). Personal characteristics, training and racing experiences, as well as patterns of supplement intake, including type, frequency, and dosage, were evaluated by questionnaire. Food Frequency Questionnaire was implemented to assess macronutrient intake. ANOVA and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.While 50 % of total distance runners reported consuming supplements regularly, no differences between distance groups in consumption of carbohydrate/protein, mineral, or vitamin supplements were observed (p > 0.05). In addition, age, sex, running and racing experience showed no significant association with supplement intake (p > 0.05). Vitamin supplements had the highest intake rate in runners by 43 % compared to minerals (34 %) and carbohydrate/protein supplements (19 %).The present findings provide a window into the targeted approaches of long-distance runners as well as their coaches and sport nutrition specialists when applying and suggesting sustainable nutritional strategies for training and competition.Trial registration: ISRCTN73074080. Retrospectively registered 12th June 2015.

scholarly journals Lower leg muscle structure and function are altered in long-distance runners with medial tibial stress syndrome: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Mattock ◽  
Julie R. Steele ◽  
Karen J. Mickle
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common lower leg injury experienced by runners. Although numerous risk factors are reported in the literature, many are non-modifiable and management of the injury remains difficult. Lower leg muscle structure and function are modifiable characteristics that influence tibial loading during foot-ground contact. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether long-distance runners with MTSS displayed differences in in vivo lower leg muscle structure and function than matched asymptomatic runners. Methods Lower leg structure was assessed using ultrasound and a measure of lower leg circumference to quantify muscle cross-sectional area, thickness and lean lower leg girth. Lower leg function was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer to quantify maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength and a single leg heel raise protocol was used to measure ankle plantar flexor endurance. Outcome variables were compared between the limbs of long-distance runners suffering MTSS (n = 20) and matched asymptomatic controls (n = 20). Means, standard deviations, 95 % confidence intervals, mean differences and Cohen’s d values were calculated for each variable for the MTSS symptomatic and control limbs. Results MTSS symptomatic limbs displayed a significantly smaller flexor hallucis longus cross-sectional area, a smaller soleus thickness but a larger lateral gastrocnemius thickness than the control limbs. However, there was no statistical difference in lean lower leg girth. Compared to the matched control limbs, MTSS symptomatic limbs displayed deficits in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles, and reduced ankle plantar flexor endurance capacity. Conclusions Differences in lower leg muscle structure and function likely render MTSS symptomatic individuals less able to withstand the negative tibial bending moment generated during midstance, potentially contributing to the development of MTSS. The clinical implications of these findings suggest that rehabilitation protocols for MTSS symptomatic individuals should aim to improve strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles along with ankle plantar flexor endurance. However, the cross-sectional study design prevents us determining whether between group differences were a cause or effect of MTSS. Therefore, future prospective studies are required to substantiate the study findings.

Effect of Resistance Training of Psoas Major in Combination With Regular Running Training on Performance in Long-Distance Runners

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamanaka ◽  
Shinya Wakasawa ◽  
Koya Yamashiro ◽  
Naoki Kodama ◽  
Daisuke Sato
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Running Training ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Flexor

Purpose: The study determined whether the increase in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of psoas major, which is known as a hip-flexion muscle, by resistance training combined with running training improves the performance of long-distance runners. Methods: Subjects were 8 well-trained male long-distance runners. The personal best time in a 5000-m race was 15:10.0 (0:20.5) (mean [SD]). Each subject performed resistance training twice per week with running training for 12 weeks. The authors used 3 resistance training regimens that would train the hip flexor muscles. Training intensity was a maximum of 10 repetitions. The training amount was 3 sets × 10 times during the first 4 weeks followed by 4 sets × 10 times during the last 8 weeks. The authors measured the CSA of psoas major using magnetic resonance imaging and the performance of long-distance runners using a constant velocity running test before (pre) and after (post) the training term. Results: The combination training significantly (P < .01, d = 0.34) increased the CSA of psoas major (pre: 16.2 [1.5] cm2, post: 16.7 [1.4] cm2) and significantly (P < .01, d = 1.41) improved the duration of the constant velocity running test (pre: 500 [108] s, post: 715 [186] s). Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that the pre to post change in the duration of the constant velocity exercise was significantly correlated with the change in CSA of the psoas major. Conclusion: The authors suggest that resistance training of psoas major with running training is correlated with an improvement in the performance of long-distance runners.

scholarly journals 285 Supplement intake variation, weight, and body condition change in yearling heifers grazing late-summer dryland pastures with Rumax BoviBox versus Rumax BoviBox HM protein supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Tyrell McClain ◽  
Samuel Wyffels ◽  
Shay Larsen ◽  
Luka Müller ◽  
Noah G Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Protein Block ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract The objectives of this study were to evaluate Rumax BoviBox versus Rumax BoviBox HM protein supplements on supplement intake behavior, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) change of yearling heifers grazing dryland pastures during late summer. Fifty-nine yearling commercial Angus heifers (428 kg) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to one of two supplementation treatments: 1) free-choice access to Rumax BoviBox protein block supplement (30% CP, 23% salt; n = 29); and 2) free-choice access to Rumax BoviBox HM high magnesium protein block supplement (28.7% CP, 23% salt; n = 30). Individual supplement intake, time spent at the feeder, and intake variation were measured throughout the study. On d 0, 42, and 84 heifers were weighed and assigned a BCS following a 16-h shrink. Additionally, forage was sampled every 14 d throughout the study. Supplement intake (kg ∙ d-1) displayed a treatment × period interaction (P &lt; 0.01). However, within period, treatment differences were not observed with intakes averaging 0.15 and 0.34 kg ∙ day-1 for d 0 – 42 and 42 - 84, respectively. Heifers spent more time at the feeder in period 2 than in period 1 (P &lt; 0.01), averaging 7.67 vs 4.00 min per day, respectively. Supplement intake rate (g ∙ min-1) also displayed a treatment effect (P &lt; 0.01) indicating that heifers in the Rumax BoviBox treatment had lower intake rate compared to Rumax BoviBox HM supplemented heifers. In conclusion, there were only minor differences in intake behavior and animal performance with the Rumax BoviBox and Rumax BoviBox HM supplement treatments. However, supplement intake increased and variation in intake decreased with declining forage quality and quantity.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2776
Author(s):  
Katharina Wirnitzer ◽  
Mohamad Motevalli ◽  
Derrick R. Tanous ◽  
Martina Gregori ◽  
Gerold Wirnitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Supplement Intake ◽  
Diet Type

It has been well-documented that female and male athletes differ in many physiological and psychological characteristics related to endurance performance. This sex-based difference appears to be associated with their nutritional demands including the patterns of supplement intake. However, there is a paucity of research addressing the sex differences in supplement intake amongst distance runners. The present study aimed to investigate and compare supplement intake between female and male distance runners (10 km, half-marathon, (ultra-)marathon) and the potential associations with diet type and race distance. A total of 317 runners participated in an online survey, and 220 distance runners (127 females and 93 males) made up the final sample after a multi-stage data clearance. Participants were also assigned to dietary (omnivorous, vegetarian, vegan) and race distance (10-km, half-marathon, marathon/ultra-marathon) subgroups. Sociodemographic characteristics and the patterns of supplement intake including type, frequency, dosage, and brands were collected using a questionnaire. One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used for data analysis. A total of 54.3% of female runners and 47.3% male runners reported consuming supplements regularly. The frequency of supplement intake was similar between females and males (generally or across dietary and distance subgroups). There was no significant relationship for sex alone or sex interactions with diet type and race distance on supplement intake (p < 0.05). However, a non-significant higher intake of vitamin and mineral (but not CHO/protein) supplements was reported by vegan and vegetarian (but not by omnivorous) females compared to their male counterparts. In summary, despite the reported findings, sex could not be considered as a strong modulator of supplement intake among different groups of endurance runners.

scholarly journals Pain sensitivity and athletic performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Zeller ◽  
Nadav Shimoni ◽  
Alina Vodonos ◽  
Iftach Sagy ◽  
Leonid Barski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Fast Group

AbstractPurpeseTo determine whether higher pain thresholds are associated with better performance in long-distance runners.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsSeventy participants, divided into groups of fast and non-fast runners according to peak results in a 10km run. Main Outcome Measures, Cold pressor test.ResultsOf the 70 subjects, 28 were in the fastest group (less than 39 minutes in a 10km run) and 42 in the non-fast group. The faster group was characterized with older age (34.0±8.5 vs. 29.5±5.7, p=0.01), greater mean weekly running time (5.5 (0-17) vs. 2 (0- 10), p<0.001), and more years of running [10 (1.5-34.0) vs. 7 (0-20, p=0.05)]. In a multivariable analysis longer cold pressor time was associated with faster 10Km run (O.R 1.01, 95% C.I 1.00-1.01).ConclusionsIt seems that higher pain thresholds play an important role in the superior ability of long distance runners.

Back pain and MRI abnormalities in the thoraco-lumbar spine of elite long distance runners. A cross sectional study.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Thoreson ◽  
Karin Svensson ◽  
Pall Jonasson ◽  
Peter Kovac ◽  
Leif Sward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Religious/spiritual coping in institutionalized elderly

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Magalhães Vitorino ◽  
Lucila Amaral Carneiro Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Total Average

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spiritual/religious coping (SRC) of elderly of two institutions of long-stay for elderly, from two towns Pouso Alegre and Santa Rita in south of Minas Gerais state Brazil and to correlate the SRC with personal characteristics. METHODS: The work is based on epidemiological and analytical cross-sectional design method with nonprobability sampling and sample of 77 elderly. The instruments used are characterization staff which consists of 15 multiple choice questions, scale of two dimensions SRC, SRC positive and SRC negative. RESULTS: both groups were balanced between the sexes, by the average age of 76 years old, 81.6 % did not complete primary education and 96.1 % practiced a religion. There was a high use of the SRC total average use and showed higher scores with age and time of residence and SRC Total. CONCLUSION: final analyses of the data demonstrated that the elderly uneducated and with religion presented SRC strategies so high and positive.

scholarly journals SUPPLEMENT INTAKE IN FEMALE UNIVERSITY LONG-DISTANCE RUNNERS

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
MIEKO NAKANISHI ◽  
KOJIRO ISHII ◽  
AYAKO WATANABE ◽  
KATUMI SUGIURA ◽  
YOKO KAJIWARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Supplement Intake

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PEDIKULOSIS KAPITIS PADA SANTRI PUTRI PONDOK PESANTREN DI BANTUL YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Mudita Sri Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pediculosis Capitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Health problem is a very complex problem and one of these is skin disease’s problem. Pediculosis capitis is one of the high cases of skin disease where its prevalence of children at school age. This disorder does not attract the attention of many clinical, but it can cause significant morbidity. Many factors that cause prevalence of Pediculosis capitis are density residential, social, economic, personal hygiene, behavior, personal characteristics, knowledge, and others. It is said from the information of board of Fadlun Minalloh Boarding School that in this boarding school is discovered more than 70% of students suffer from Pediculosis capitis. Objective: to determine the factors that related with the occurrence Pediculosis capitis in that boarding school.Method: This study is an observational analytic research by using cross sectional design, technique sampling used inclusion criteria. The samples are 33 respondents. The instrument used questionnaires and checklist. It uses univariate analyzing in data analysis technique and bivariate analysis with Fisher statistical test to determine the value of p, CI, and the Prevalence Ratio.Results: The results of this research shows that from 33 respondents are obtained 31 respondents (93.9%) suffered from Pediculosis capitis, while those who do not suffer from Pediculosis capitisare 2 respondents (6.1%). Bivariate analysis for personal hygiene with the incidence Pediculosis capitis p value = 0.419 and RP = 0,1,45 (95% CI: 0.650 to 3.236), for using of goods alternately with events Pediculosis capitis no correlation between the using of goods alternately with events Pediculosis capitis value of p = 0.419 and RP = 0,1,45 (95% CI: 0.650 to 3.236, and for knowledge with the occurrence of Pediculosis capitis p = 1.0 and RP = 1.074 (95% CI: 0.973 to 1.186). Conclusion: there is no significant correlation between personal hygiene, using of alternate goods, and knowledge with Pediculosis capitis of female students in boarding school Fadlun Minalloh Bantul, Yogyakarta.

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