scholarly journals Isolation of the Arawete and Asurini Indians keeps the tribes free from HTLV infection during 36 years of follow-up

Retrovirology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio C. R. Vallinoto ◽  
Mateus I. Otake ◽  
Paulo V. N. R. Sousa ◽  
Felipe T. Lopes ◽  
Eliene R. P. Sacuena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Dna ◽  
Htlv Infection ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Indian Tribes

Abstract Arawete and Asurini Indian tribes were revisited after a 36-year follow-up in search of HTLV infections. 46 persons (23 from each tribe) were tested for HTLV-1/2 antibodies and viral DNA. None were positive; this was probably because of their social/cultural isolation from neighboring tribes where HTLV-2c is hyperendemic.

scholarly journals Loss of endothelial cells in viral DNA-positive grafts after keratoplasty: a 2-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317629
Author(s):  
Jing-Hao Qu ◽  
Rong-Mei Peng ◽  
Ge-Ge Xiao ◽  
Hong-Qiang Qu ◽  
Ting Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Corneal Transplantation ◽  
Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Simplex Virus

BackgroundTo compare endothelial loss between recipients who received viral DNA-positive grafts and controls 2 years after corneal transplantation.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the clinical data and endothelial cell density of recipients of viral DNA-positive grafts and age-, sex-, aetiology- and operation-matched controls from April 2017 to July 2019 at the Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.ResultsA total of 23/942 (2.44%) donor corneal buttons tested virus-positive by real-time PCR. A total of 27 recipients (except for 2 recipients) of viral DNA-positive grafts and 48 recipients of viral DNA-negative grafts were included in this study. Recipients of viral DNA-positive grafts had a higher endothelial cell (EC) loss rate post-penetrating keratoplasty and post-descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (p<0.05), but post-deep lamellar keratoplasty, the EC loss rate was similar to that of the controls. Recipients of herpes simplex virus-1-, cytomegalovirus- and varicella-zoster virus-positive grafts all had a higher EC loss rate than the controls during the 12- and 24-month follow-up periods (p<0.05).ConclusionWe inferred that viruses might be hidden in corneal grafts and mainly incubate in the corneal endothelium. Viral DNA-positive grafts do not need to be replaced immediately and can be followed up for a long time.

Infection and immunity for human parvovirus B19 in patients with febrile exanthema

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. PEDRANTI ◽  
P. BARBERO ◽  
C. WOLFF ◽  
L. M. GHIETTO ◽  
M. ZAPATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Human Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Follow Up Study

SUMMARYThe contribution of parvovirus B19 (B19V) as a causative agent of febrile exanthema (FE) in Cordoba, Argentina, was analysed by detection of viral DNA, and specific IgM and IgG. Serum from 141 patients with FE who were negative for measles and rubella, collected during 2005–2009, plus serum from 31 healthy individuals, were assayed. B19V was the aetiological agent in 14·9% of all FE cases, and in 39·1% in an epidemic year (2007). B19V DNA was detected in 47·6% of IgM-positive FE patients, 30·2% of IgM-negative/IgG-positive FE patients, and 9·7% of healthy controls, indicating B19V long-term infection in ~10% of immunocompetent individuals. Persistent B19V DNA was significantly more frequent in children than adults and in males than females. All patients with acute B19V infection had rash and fever, 85·7% had adenopathy, and only 14·3% had arthropathy. This is the first follow-up study of markers of infection and immunity for B19V infection in Argentina.

Management of Non-Specific Genital Infections in Infertile Crossbred Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
MT Panchal ◽  
KK Hadiya ◽  
J. A. Patel ◽  
DV Chaudhari ◽  
BB Bhanderi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Drugs

Among 1046 infertile breedable bovines screened in different sexual health camps in and around Anand district during one year, the prevalence of repeat breeding and genital infection was found to be 17.97 and 17.11 %, respectively. The representative 23 HF crossbred infertile cows from within Anand taluka were selected for cultural examination, antibiotics sensitivity of isolates and accordingly, the treatment and pregnancy follow up. The cultural isolation of CVM/genital discharges from 23 crossbred cows revealed bacterial growth in 65.22 (15) % samples; the Gram +ve Bacilli Spp. was prevalent to the highest extent (38.10%; 8) followed by Corynebacterium Spp. (23.81%, 5). All the isolates (100 %) were sensitive to enrofloxacin followed by cefotaxime and tetracycline (73.33% each), while they were resistant to tyrosin. Among the culturally positive cases, use of effective drugs resulted in overall three cycles pregnancy rate of 86.66 (13/15) %, while in culturally sterile cases it was 50 (4/8)%, showing the utility of antibiotics sensitivity testing in managing infertile animals.

scholarly journals Investigation of the safety and feasibility of AAV1/SERCA2a gene transfer in patients with chronic heart failure supported with a left ventricular assist device – the SERCA-LVAD TRIAL

Gene Therapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lyon ◽  
D. Babalis ◽  
A. C. Morley-Smith ◽  
M. Hedger ◽  
A. Suarez Barrientos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Transplantation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist

AbstractThe SERCA-LVAD trial was a phase 2a trial assessing the safety and feasibility of delivering an adeno-associated vector 1 carrying the cardiac isoform of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (AAV1/SERCA2a) to adult chronic heart failure patients implanted with a left ventricular assist device. The SERCA-LVAD trial was one of a program of AAV1/SERCA2a cardiac gene therapy trials including CUPID1, CUPID 2 and AGENT trials. Enroled subjects were randomised to receive a single intracoronary infusion of 1 × 1013 DNase-resistant AAV1/SERCA2a particles or a placebo solution in a double-blinded design, stratified by presence of neutralising antibodies to AAV. Elective endomyocardial biopsy was performed at 6 months unless the subject had undergone cardiac transplantation, with myocardial samples assessed for the presence of exogenous viral DNA from the treatment vector. Safety assessments including ELISPOT were serially performed. Although designed as a 24 subject trial, recruitment was stopped after five subjects had been randomised and received infusion due to the neutral result from the CUPID 2 trial. Here we describe the results from the 5 patients at 3 years follow up, which confirmed that viral DNA was delivered to the failing human heart in 2 patients receiving gene therapy with vector detectable at follow up endomyocardial biopsy or cardiac transplantation. Absolute levels of detectable transgene DNA were low, and no functional benefit was observed. There were no safety concerns in this small cohort. This trial identified some of the challenges of performing gene therapy trials in this LVAD patient cohort which may help guide future trial design.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus infection among blood donors in China: a first nationwide survey

Retrovirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Chang ◽  
Shanhai Ou ◽  
Zhengang Shan ◽  
Faming Zhu ◽  
Huimin Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Htlv Infection

Abstract Background So far, the prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 1 and 2 in some highly populated countries such as China is still unknown. In this study, a multi-center nationwide serological survey was designed and performed, to reveal the seroprevalence of HTLV infection among Chinese blood donors. Results Among 8,411,469 blood donors from 155 blood establishments, 435 were finally confirmed as HTLV carriers. The prevalence of HTLV infection in China varied in different provinces: Fujian had the highest prevalence of 36.240/100,000 (95% CI 31.990–41.050) and eleven provinces did not find HTLV-seropositive donors in the three years. no HTLV-2 infection was found. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 in China decreased from 2016 to 2018. Female was identified as an independent risk factor of HTLV infection in China. Besides, seroconversion was observed in two of seven seroindeterminate donors 85 and 250 days after their last donation, respectively. Conclusions The seroprevalence of HTLV infection in most areas of China among blood donors is quite low, but it varies significantly in different geographic areas. Screening anti-HTLV-1/2 antibody and follow-up of serointederminate donors are essential to ensure blood safety especially in areas where we have found HTLV infected donors.

Possible association between viral infection and poor survival of the corneal graft after penetrating keratoplasty in patients with congenital corneal opacity: a cohort study

2022 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-320031
Author(s):  
Sen Miao ◽  
Qi Lin ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Zhiqiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundCongenital corneal opacity (CCO) is a rare disorder. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is the main surgical option for CCO, but many factors affect graft survival. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a virological examination of CCO specimens after PK to explore the relationship between virological factors and graft survival after PK.MethodsThis prospective study included consecutive patients (<6 months of age) diagnosed with CCO and treated with PK at Beijing Tongren Hospital from August 2017 to January 2018. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect viral DNA in the CCO specimens. The survival of the primary graft was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsOverall, 24 eyes of 24 infants were treated with PK during the study period. The mean age at surgery was 4.8±1.1 months. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was detected in two specimens, varicella-zoster virus DNA in one specimen, herpes simplex virus DNA in three specimens and cytomegalovirus DNA in one specimen. In the virus-positive group, only one (14.3%) graft remained clear during follow-up. In contrast, in the virus-negative group (n=17), 13 (76.5%) grafts were still clear at the last follow-up. The mean survival of the grafts in the virus-positive group was significantly shorter than in the virus-negative group (11.0±9.8 months vs 27.1±7.7, p<0.001).ConclusionThe presence of viral DNA in CCO specimens might be associated with poor graft survival after PK.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Brief summary of Kleť photographic search programme for minor planets

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
J. Tichá ◽  
M. Tichý ◽  
Z. Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Main Belt

AbstractA long-term photographic search programme for minor planets was begun at the Kleť Observatory at the end of seventies using a 0.63-m Maksutov telescope, but with insufficient respect for long-arc follow-up astrometry. More than two thousand provisional designations were given to new Kleť discoveries. Since 1993 targeted follow-up astrometry of Kleť candidates has been performed with a 0.57-m reflector equipped with a CCD camera, and reliable orbits for many previous Kleť discoveries have been determined. The photographic programme results in more than 350 numbered minor planets credited to Kleť, one of the world's most prolific discovery sites. Nearly 50 per cent of them were numbered as a consequence of CCD follow-up observations since 1994.This brief summary describes the results of this Kleť photographic minor planet survey between 1977 and 1996. The majority of the Kleť photographic discoveries are main belt asteroids, but two Amor type asteroids and one Trojan have been found.

Intranuclear Crystals in Regenerating Canine Kidneys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
D.G. Osborne ◽  
L.J. McCormack ◽  
M.O. Magnusson ◽  
W.S. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cell ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Small Crystals ◽  
Membrane Bound

During a project in which regenerative changes were studied in autotransplanted canine kidneys, intranuclear crystals were seen in a small number of tubular epithelial cells. These crystalline structures were seen in the control specimens and also in regenerating specimens; the main differences being in size and number of them. The control specimens showed a few tubular epithelial cell nuclei almost completely occupied by large crystals that were not membrane bound. Subsequent follow-up biopsies of the same kidneys contained similar intranuclear crystals but of a much smaller size. Some of these nuclei contained several small crystals. The small crystals occurred at one week following transplantation and were seen even four weeks following transplantation. As time passed, the small crystals appeared to fuse to form larger crystals.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

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