Serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase ratio is one of the best markers of insulin resistance in the Chinese population

To determine the effect of restraint on selected clinical laboratory parameters, cynomolgus monkeys were continuously restrained for 60 and 120 minutes in a restraining box, a restraint chair, and on a restraining board. Animals were also hand caught for manual restraint. Blood samples were collected at 11 time points over 168 hours and evaluated with a standard clinical chemistry profile. Only aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were statistically evaluated; no overt changes were noted in any other parameter. Significant differences between the enzyme levels of different restraint methods were not seen during the 60-min restraint studies, but were present during the 120-min restraint duration. For AST, chair and board restraint resulted in lower and higher enzyme levels, respectively, than the other methods. Levels of ALT for board restraint were significantly higher when compared with other methods. For both the 60-and 120-min restraint periods, AST values that were significantly elevated when compared with baseline were common at 4, 6, and 24 h. Significant ALT increases, when compared with baseline, occurred primarily at 6, 24, and 48 h. The results indicate that over time, restraint methods alone can affect AST and ALT levels in cynomolgus monkeys.

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GW26-e3872 Association between elevated Serum Alanine Aminotransferase and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Rural Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.440 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (16) ◽

pp. C113-C114

Author(s):

Shuang Chen ◽

Xiaofan Guo ◽

Xingang Zhang ◽

Shasha Yu ◽

Hongmei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Alanine Aminotransferase

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Association between aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio and insulin resistance among US adults

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology ◽

10.1097/meg.0000000000002215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Aayush Visaria ◽

Suraj Pai ◽

Maggie Cheung ◽

Sushil Ahlawat

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase

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Canagliflozin Improves Liver Function in Rats by Upregulating Asparagine Synthetase

Pharmacology ◽

10.1159/000518492 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Shiqi Wang ◽

Yasong Ding ◽

Ruoyao Dong ◽

Hongyun Wang ◽

Lingdi Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Liver Injury ◽

Liver Function ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Asparagine Synthetase ◽

Related Factor ◽

Impaired Liver Function ◽

Serum Alanine Aminotransferase

Introduction: Canagliflozin (CANA) is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor that was recently approved for treating diabetes. However, its effects on liver function are not well understood. The function of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) has been studied in several cancers but not in liver injury. Therefore, we investigated the connection between CANA and ASNS in alleviating damage (i.e., their hepatoprotective effect) in a rat liver injury model. Methods: The rat model of liver injury was established using carbon tetrachloride treatment. Rats with liver injury were administered CANA orally for 8 weeks daily. After week 8, peripheral blood was collected to measure serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Liver histopathology was examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining to determine the degree of liver injury. Protein expression in the rat livers was examined using Western blotting. Results: CANA treatment decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels compared with those of the untreated group, demonstrating diminished liver injury. Mechanistically, CANA treatment activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which upregulated ASNS expression in liver-injured rats. Conclusion: CANA significantly alleviated liver injury by activating the AMPK/Nrf2/ATF4 axis and upregulating ASNS expression, indicating its potential for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with impaired liver function.

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Visceral fat is associated with elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyltransferase in middle-aged Chinese adults

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135644 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 94 (1117) ◽

pp. 641-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lizhi Tang ◽

Bo Yuan ◽

Fang Zhang ◽

Hongyi Cao ◽

Zhe Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Hepatic Enzymes ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase

Background Elevation of hepatic enzymes is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and obesity. However, the factors behind elevation of liver enzymes remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the role of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in relation with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in middle-aged Chinese adults.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study on 959 adults aged 40–65 without hepatitis. VAT and SAT were measured at the level of L4–L5 by MRI. Pearson correlation and linear regression were performed to assess the association of VAT/SAT with serum ALT and GGT. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of VAT and SAT with high ALT (≥40 U/L) and high GGT (≥35 U/L).ResultsVAT had higher correlation coefficient r with ALT and GGT than SAT. VAT, but not SAT, was associated with ALT (males: β=0.15, p=0.01; females: β=0.17, p=0.02) and GGT (males: β=0.39, p<0.0001) in linear regression. VAT remained to be associated with GGT in males (β=0.33, p=0.0001) when was further adjusted. Logistic regression showed that VAT was associated with elevated GGT (OR=2.218, p=0.043) in males but not in females and no such association was observed for SAT.ConclusionsIncreased VAT, but not SAT, was associated with elevation of hepatic enzymes including ALT and GGT. Moreover, VAT was associated with elevated GGT independent of insulin resistance and subcutaneous fat in males.

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THE ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE/ ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE RATIO PREDICTS FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND HOMA INSULIN RESISTANCE

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(16)32145-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (13) ◽

pp. 2144

Author(s):

Alexander Vonbank ◽

Christoph Saely ◽

Philipp Rein ◽

Daniela Zanolin ◽

Andreas Leiherer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Established Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Artery Disease

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The Relationship between Prebiotic Supplementation and Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with NAFLD—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113460 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3460

Author(s):

Ewa Stachowska ◽

Piero Portincasa ◽

Dominika Jamioł-Milc ◽

Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz ◽

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Randomized Controlled

We aim to systematically review the efficacy of prebiotics in reducing anthropometric and biochemical parameters in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A systematic search using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov, Cinahl, and Web of Science of articles published up to 20 March 2020 was performed for randomized controlled trials enrolling >20 adult patients. Random-effect meta-analysis for metabolic outcomes in NAFLD patients was performed for anthropometric data in addition to liver enzyme, carbohydrate, and lipid parameters. We found six trials (comprising a total of 242 patients) with NAFLD, with subjects aged 38–52 years. The mean time of fiber administration varied between 10 and 12 weeks. The main fiber types were psyllium (seeds or powder), Ocimum basilicum (seeds), and high-performance inulin and oligofructose powder at doses of either 10 or 16 g per day. The control group received either maltodextrin (powder or capsules) or crushed wheat (powder). Patients on the diet with added fiber had improvements in body mass index (BMI) (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.494, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.864 to −0.125, p = 0.009); alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (SMD = −0.667, 95% CI: −1.046 to −0.288, p = 0.001); aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SMD = −0.466, 95% CI: −0.840 to −0.091, p = 0.015); fasting insulin (SMD = −0.705, 95% CI: −1.115 to −0.295, p = 0.001); and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD = −0.619, 95% CI: −1.026 to −0.211, p = 0.003). Hence, the results show that fiber supplements result in favorable changes as reflected in the measurement of anthropometric, metabolic, and liver-related biomarkers, i.e., body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). These effects suggest the potential benefits of fiber consumption for NAFLD populations. More prospective, controlled studies should be conducted to reveal specific details regarding the fiber type, dosage, and duration for optimal intervention.

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