scholarly journals Association between coffee consumption and risk of bladder cancer in a meta-analysis of 16 prospective studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Wei Dai ◽  
Ke-Dan Cai ◽  
Fu-Rong Li ◽  
Xian-Bo Wu ◽  
Guo-Chong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Summary Relative Risk

Abstract Background Current evidence remains equivocal as to whether and how consumption of coffee may be associated with risk of bladder cancer, and potential influence of confounding by smoking on this association is yet to be elucidated. We conducted an updated meta-analysis of prospective studies to address these issues. Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to April 2019. A random-effects model was used to estimate summary relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of bladder cancer associated with coffee consumption. Results The final analysis included 16 prospective studies comprising 2,122,816 participants and 11,848 bladder cancer cases. Overall, coffee consumption was not associated with risk of bladder cancer (RR high-vs-low = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.96–1.20). The lack of association persisted in the strata defined by sex or participants’ smoking status. Meta-regression analyses identified the number cases (Pdifference = 0.06) and the degree of adjustment for smoking (Pdifference = 0.04) as potential sources of heterogeneity. There was an increased risk of bladder cancer related to higher coffee consumption among studies with fewer cases (RR high-vs-low = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05–1.81) and among those with poorer adjustment for smoking (RR high-vs-low = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.14–1.93). Results were similar in the dose-response analyses (RR 1 cup/d = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.98–1.03). Conclusion Best evidence available to date does not support an independent association between coffee consumption and bladder cancer risk. Some direct associations observed in individual studies may be a result of residual confounding by smoking.

Abstract P027: Fasting Glucose And Risk Of Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Khan ◽  
Setor Kunutsor ◽  
Jussi Kauhanen ◽  
Sudhir Kurl ◽  
Eiran Gorodeski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Association

Background: There remains uncertainty regarding the association between fasting glucose (FG) and the risk of heart failure (HF) in individuals without a history of diabetes. Methods and Results: We assessed the association between FG and HF risk in a population-based cohort of 1,740 men aged 42-61 years free from HF or diabetes at baseline. Additionally, we performed a meta-analysis of relevant prospective studies identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. During a mean follow-up of 20.4 years, 146 participants developed HF (4.1 cases per 1000 person-years). In models adjusted for age, the hazard ratio (HR) for HF per 1 mmol/L increase in FG was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22, 1.48). This association persisted after adjustment for established HF risk factors (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14, 1.42). Compared with FG< 5.6 mmol/L, there was an increased risk amongst those with FG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.82, 1.88) and ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.50, 7.08). HRs remained consistent across several clinical subgroups. In a meta-analysis of 10 prospective studies (Figure 1) involving a total of 4,213 incident HF cases, the HR for HF per 1 mmol/L increase in FG level was 1.11 (95% CI 1.04, 1.17), consistent with a linear dose-response relationship with evidence of heterogeneity between studies (I2=79%, 63-89%; P<0.001). Conclusions: A positive, continuous, and independent association exists between FG and risk for HF. Further studies are needed to evaluate the causal relevance of these findings.

scholarly journals Coffee Consumption and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Larsson ◽  
Nicola Orsini
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk

Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of several diseases but uncertainty remains about the influence of coffee consumption on the risk of dementia. We performed a dose-response meta-analysis to summarize the prospective data on coffee consumption and associated risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. We identified studies by searching PubMed (from January 1966) and Web of Science (from January 1945) through 4 October 2018 and by scrutinizing the reference lists of pertinent publications. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature. Results were combined using a restricted cubic spline random-effects dose-response meta-analysis based on a one-stage approach. Eight relevant prospective studies were identified. These studies included 7486 dementia cases diagnosed among 328,885 individuals during an average follow-up of 4.9–25 years. Meta-analysis of all eight studies indicated no statistically significant association between coffee consumption and the risk of dementia and no deviations from a linear trend (p = 0.08). The relative risk of dementia per 1 cup/day increment of coffee consumption was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.05; p = 0.37). Meta-analysis of five studies that focused on Alzheimer’s disease revealed no association between coffee consumption and Alzheimer’s disease and no deviations from a linear trend (p = 0.79). The relative risk of Alzheimer’s disease per 1 cup/day increment of coffee consumption was 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.95–1.07; p = 0.80). These results do not support an association between coffee consumption and an increased risk of overall dementia or Alzheimer’s disease specifically, but further research on the association of coffee consumption with dementia risk is needed.

scholarly journals Association between the TACC3 rs798766 Polymorphism and Risk of Urinary Bladder Cancer: A Synthesis Based on Current Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Yu Meng ◽  
Ming-Jun Shi ◽  
Jia-Feng Chen ◽  
Yi Liao ◽  
Bang-Wang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bladder Cancer Risk ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. A possible association between the TACC3 rs798766 polymorphism and urinary bladder cancer risk has been indicated in published literature. We performed this meta-analysis as a synthesis of all relevant data to summarize currently available evidence and to provide estimation with increased precision. Methods. EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Wanfang Data were searched. “rs798766” and “urinary bladder cancer” were used as the search terms. A total of 6 eligible studies were identified, in which 8194 cases and 50,165 controls were investigated. Meta-analysis was performed using extracted data. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity was also performed. Population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated. Results. We found a significant association between rs798766[T] and increased risk of bladder cancer, allelic[T] OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.20–1.33. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed similar results, allelic[T] OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.17–1.32 in Caucasian subjects and allelic[T] OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.21–1.46 in Asian subjects. PAR based on pooled allelic ORs and the frequency of the risk allele in control subjects was 4.63% in the overall population and 3.92% in Asians and 4.36% in Caucasians. Conclusion. rs798766 is associated with increased risk of bladder cancer, and no ethnic difference was found.

Tobacco smoking and the risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 1437-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagfinn Aune ◽  
Sabrina Schlesinger ◽  
Teresa Norat ◽  
Elio Riboli
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Summary Relative Risk

Background Epidemiological studies on smoking and atrial fibrillation have been inconsistent, with some studies showing a positive association while others have found no association. It is also unclear whether there is a dose–response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked or pack-years and the risk of atrial fibrillation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies of smoking and atrial fibrillation up to 20 July 2017. Prospective studies and nested case–control studies within cohort studies reporting adjusted relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of atrial fibrillation associated with smoking were included. Summary relative risks (95% CIs) were estimated using a random effects model. Results Twenty nine prospective studies (22 publications) were included. The summary relative risk was 1.32 (95% CI 1.12–1.56, I2 = 84%, n = 11 studies) for current smokers, 1.09 (95% CI 1.00–1.18, I2 = 33%, n = 9) for former smokers and 1.21 (95% CI 1.12–1.31, I2 = 80%, n = 14) for ever smokers compared to never smokers. Comparing current versus non-current smokers the summary relative risk was 1.33 (95% CI 1.14–1.56, I2 = 78%, n = 10). The summary relative risk was 1.14 (95% CI 1.10–1.20, I2 = 0%, n = 3) per 10 cigarettes per day and 1.16 (95% CI 1.09–1.25, I2 = 49%, n = 2) per 10 pack-years and there was no evidence of a non-linear association for cigarettes per day, Pnon-linearity = 0.17. Conclusions The current meta-analysis suggests that smoking is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation in a dose-dependent matter, but the association is weaker among former smokers compared to current smokers.

scholarly journals Dose-Response Relationship Among Body Mass Index, Abdominal Adiposity and Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of 30 Prospective Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglu Liu ◽  
Kaibo Mei ◽  
Lixia Xie ◽  
Jianyong Ma ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Whether being overweight increases the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is unclear, and whether adiposity independently contributes to POAF has not been comprehensively studied. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the strength and shape of the exposure-effect relationship between adiposity and POAF.Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched for prospective studies (RCTs, cohort studies, and nest-case control studies) reporting data regarding the relationship between adiposity and the risk of POAF.Results: Thirty publications involving 139,302 patients were included. Analysis of categorical variables showed that obesity (RR: 1.39, P<0.001), but not being underweight (RR: 1.44, P=0.13) or being overweight (RR: 1.03, P=0.48), was associated with an increased risk of POAF. In the exposure-effect analysis, the summary RR for a 5-unit increment in body mass index (BMI) was 1.09 (P<0.001) for the risk of POAF. There was a significant linear relationship between BMI and POAF (Pnonlinearity=0.91); the curve was flat and began to rise steeply at a BMI of approximately 30. Notably, BMI levels below 30 (overweight) were not associated with a higher risk of POAF. In the subgroup analysis of surgery types, the pooled RR values for a BMI increase of 5 for coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery were 1.21 (P<0.01) and 1.34 (P=0.25), respectively, suggesting that a potential difference in the association exists by surgery type. Additionally, waist obesity was associated with the risk of POAF (RR: 1.55, P<0.001).Conclusion: Based on the current evidence, our findings show that adiposity was independently associated with an increased risk of POAF, while being underweight or overweight might not significantly increase the POAF risk. The magnitude of the effect of obesity on AF in patients undergoing valve surgery might be small, and this finding needs to be further confirmed.

scholarly journals Dose-response relationship among body mass index, abdominal adiposity and atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of 30 prospective studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglu Liu ◽  
Kaibo Mei ◽  
Jianyong Ma ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Lixia Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractBackgroundWhether being overweight increases the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is unclear, and whether adiposity independently contributes to POAF has not been comprehensively studied. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the strength and shape of the exposure-effect relationship between adiposity and POAF.MethodsThe PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched for prospective studies (RCTs, cohort studies, and nest-case control studies) reporting data regarding the relationship between adiposity and the risk of POAF.ResultsThirty publications involving 139,302 patients were included. Analysis of categorical variables showed that obesity (RR: 1.39, P<0.001), but not being underweight (RR: 1.44, P=0.13) or being overweight (RR: 1.03, P=0.48), was associated with an increased risk of POAF. In the exposure-effect analysis, the summary RR for a 5-unit increment in body mass index (BMI) was 1.09 (P<0.001) for the risk of POAF. There was a significant linear relationship between BMI and POAF (Pnonlinearity=0.91); the curve was flat and began to rise steeply at a BMI of approximately 30. Notably, BMI levels below 30 (overweight) were not associated with a higher risk of POAF. In the subgroup analysis of surgery types, the pooled RR values for a BMI increase of 5 for coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery were 1.21 (P<0.01) and 1.34 (P=0.25), respectively, suggesting that a potential difference in the association exists by surgery type. Additionally, waist obesity was associated with the risk of POAF (RR: 1.55, P<0.001).ConclusionBased on the current evidence, our findings show that adiposity was independently associated with an increased risk of POAF, while being underweight or overweight might not significantly increase the POAF risk. The magnitude of the effect of obesity on AF in patients undergoing valve surgery might be small, and this finding needs to be further confirmed.

scholarly journals Summary and meta-analysis of prospective studies of animal fat intake and breast cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik D. Alexander ◽  
Libby M. Morimoto ◽  
Pamela J. Mink ◽  
Kimberly A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Summary Relative Risk

The objective of the present review was to examine the potential association between animal fat intake and breast cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis and review of epidemiological cohort studies, including data reported in the Pooling Project publication of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer. Random- and fixed-effects models were utilised to generate summary relative risk estimates (SRRE), and sensitivity and influence analyses were conducted. In the meta-analysis that included data reported in the Pooling Project publication of prospective cohorts (n 8) and subsequent publications of cohort studies (n 3), no significant association was observed comparing the highest category of animal fat intake with the lowest (SRRE 1·03; 95 % CI: 0·76, 1·40). Similarly, no significant association between a 5 % increment of energy from animal fat intake and breast cancer (SRRE 1·02; 95 % CI 0·97, 1·07) was observed in the meta-analysis of these studies. In conclusion, the results of the present quantitative assessment are not supportive of a positive independent association between consumption of animal fat and breast cancer, although findings may be sensitive to the type of dietary instrument used in cohort studies.

scholarly journals Tea Drinking and Risk of Cancer Incidence: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies and Evidence Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-Gang Zhao ◽  
Zhuo-Ying Li ◽  
Guo-Shan Feng ◽  
Xiao-Wei Ji ◽  
Yu-Ting Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Tea Drinking ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

ABSTRACT Here we provide a comprehensive meta-analysis to summarize and appraise the quality of the current evidence on the associations of tea drinking in relation to cancer risk. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched up to June 2020. We reanalyzed the individual prospective studies focused on associations between tea drinking and cancer risk in humans. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies and provided the highest- versus lowest-category analyses, dose-response analyses, and test of nonlinearity of each association by modeling restricted cubic spline regression for each type of tea. We graded the evidence based on the summary effect size, its 95% confidence interval, 95% prediction interval, the extent of heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects, and excess significance bias. We identified 113 individual studies investigating the associations between tea drinking and 26 cancer sites including 153,598 cancer cases. We assessed 12 associations for the intake of black tea with cancer risk and 26 associations each for the intake of green tea and total tea with cancer risk. Except for an association between lymphoid neoplasms with green tea, we did not find consistent associations for the highest versus lowest categories and dose-response analyses for any cancer. When grading current evidence for each association (number of studies ≥2), weak evidence was detected for lymphoid neoplasm (green tea), glioma (total tea, per 1 cup), bladder cancer (total tea, per 1 cup), and gastric and esophageal cancer (tea, per 1 cup). This review of prospective studies provides little evidence to support the hypothesis that tea drinking is associated with cancer risk. More well-designed studies are still needed to identify associations between tea intake and rare cancers.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Management of Functional Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Mingmin Xu ◽  
Qianhua Zheng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Responder Rate ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for functional constipation (FC). Methods. A rigorous literature search was performed in English (PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical (CBM), Wanfang database, and China Science and Technology Journal (VIP)) electronic databases from their inception to October 2019. Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared acupuncture therapy with sham acupuncture or pharmacological therapies. The outcome measures were evaluated, including the primary outcome of complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) and secondary outcomes of Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), constipation symptoms scores (CSS), responder rate, the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire, and safety evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan5.3. Results. The merged data of 28 RCTs with 3525 participants indicated that acupuncture may be efficient for FC by increasing CSBMs (p<0.00001; MD = 0.84 [95% CI, 0.65 to 1.03]; I2 = 0%) and improving constipation symptoms (p=0.03; SMD = −0.4 [95% CI, −0.78 to −0.03]; I2 = 74%), stool formation (p<0.00001; MD = 0.24 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.34]; I2 = 0%), quality of life (p<0.00001; N = 1, MD = −0.33 [95% CI, −0.45 to −0.21]), and responder rates (p=0.02; RR = 2.16; [95% CI, 1.1 to 4.24]; I2 = 69%) compared with the effects of sham treatment. No increased risk of adverse events was observed (p=0.44; RR = 1.18; [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.81]; I2 = 0%). With regard to medication comparisons, the pooled data indicated that acupuncture was more effective in increasing CSBMs (p=0.004; MD = 0.53 [95% CI, 0.17 to 0.88]; I2 = 88%) and improving patients’ quality of life (p<0.00001; SMD = −0.73 [95% CI, −1.02 to −0.44]; I2 = 64%), with high heterogeneity. However, there were no significant differences in responder rate (p=0.12; RR = 1.31; [95% CI, 0.94 to 1.82]; I2 = 53%), BSFS (p=0.5; MD = 0.17 [95% CI, −0.33 to 0.68]; I2 = 93%), or CSS (p=0.05; SMD = −0.62 [95% CI, −1.23 to −0.01]; I2 = 89%). Regarding safety evaluation, acupuncture was safer than medications (p<0.0001; RR = 0.3; [95% CI, 0.18 to 0.52]; I2 = 30%). Conclusions. Current evidence suggests that acupuncture is an efficient and safe treatment for FC. Acupuncture increased stool frequency, improved stool formation, alleviated constipation symptoms, and improved quality of life. However, the evidence quality was relatively low and the relationship between acupuncture and drugs is not clear. More high-quality trials are recommended in the future. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019143347.

scholarly journals Diaphragmatic herniation after esophagogastric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Bona ◽  
Francesca Lombardo ◽  
Kazuhide Matsushima ◽  
Marta Cavalli ◽  
Valerio Panizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Esophageal Hiatus ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Esophagogastric Surgery

Abstract Introduction The anatomy of the esophageal hiatus is altered during esophagogastric surgery with an increased risk of postoperative hiatus hernia (HH). The purpose of this article was to examine the current evidence on the surgical management and outcomes associated with HH after esophagogastric surgery for cancer. Materials and methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE data sets were consulted. Results Twenty-seven studies were included for a total of 404 patients requiring surgical treatment for HH after esophagogastric surgery. The age of the patients ranged from 35 to 85 years, and the majority were males (82.3%). Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, and dyspnea were the commonly reported symptoms. An emergency repair was required in 51.5%, while a minimally invasive repair was performed in 48.5%. Simple suture cruroplasty and mesh reinforced repair were performed in 65% and 35% of patients, respectively. The duration between the index procedure and HH repair ranged from 3 to 144 months, with the majority (67%) occurring within 24 months. The estimated pooled prevalence rates of pulmonary complications, anastomotic leak, overall morbidity, and mortality were 14.1% (95% CI = 8.0–22.0%), 1.4% (95% CI = 0.8–2.2%), 35% (95% CI = 20.0–54.0%), and 5.0% (95% CI = 3.0–8.0%), respectively. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 1 to 110 months (mean = 24) and the pooled prevalence of HH recurrence was 16% (95% CI = 13.0–21.6%). Conclusions Current evidence reporting data for HH after esophagogastric surgery is narrow. The overall postoperative pulmonary complications, overall morbidity, and mortality are 14%, 35%, and 5%, respectively. Additional studies are required to define indications and treatment algorithm and evaluate the best technique for crural repair at the index operation in an attempt to minimize the risk of HH.

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