scholarly journals Psychosocial demands and resources for working time organization in GP practices. Results from a team-based ethnographic study in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Preiser ◽  
Elena Tsarouha ◽  
Birgitta Weltermann ◽  
Florian Junne ◽  
Tanja Seifried-Dübon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Working Time ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Work Related

Abstract Background General practitioners (GPs) are challenged, e.g. by long working hours, and as employers they are responsible for the creation of working conditions that prevent work-related psychosocial risks. Leadership behaviour plays an important role within the working conditions of employees, thus we focused on two research questions: To what extent and how do GPs fulfil their role as entrepreneurs and leaders responsible for occupational safety and health of the team members in the organization of working time of the employees? What psychosocial factors result from the way of organization of working time for the practice team? Methods Data was collected by participant observations, individual interviews with six GPs, and five focus group discussions with 19 members of the practice staff in total. We gained access to five general practices through a teaching network associated with the Institute for General Medicine, University Hospital Essen (Germany). The analysis was carried out according to the Grounded Theory approach. Results GPs have several roles and related tasks to fulfil in the organization of working time. This can lead to perceived psychological stress. With regard to the organization of predictable working hours, vacations and sickness absence, the GPs determined the scope of action of the practice assistants. The delegation of these tasks took place to varying degrees and resulted in different work-related resources and stressors. Conclusion We described transactional and transformational leadership behaviours which are all related to specific psychosocial demands and resources and may overlap on site. Leadership training seems recommendable as part of the training of GPs and other future leaders of micro-enterprises to promote self-reflection by the entrepreneurs and leaders and strengthen occupational health of leaders and staff.

Who is Afraid of Longer Shopping Hours? / Wer hat Angst vor längeren Ladenöffnungszeiten?

2000 ◽  
Vol 220 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan C. Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Involuntary Unemployment ◽  
Sales Employees

SummaryAttempts to liberalize shopping hours often fail because of the resistance and arguments of retail sector employees who fear that this would cause their working conditions to deteriorate. This paper presents the results of an empirical study that compared the willingness of sales employees (insiders) to work during fringe hours with that of people not employed in the sector but who could imagine doing such work (outsiders). The results show that outsiders are significantly more frequently prepared to work during fringe hours than are insiders. This leads us to assume that the same conflicts of interest that the insider-outsider theory postulates for wage demands also arise regarding working hours, and that this can lead to working time rigidity and involuntary unemployment.

scholarly journals Workplace Stressors and Employee Performance: A Conceptual Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Miebaka Dagogo Tamunomiebi ◽  
Akpobolokami Andy Mezeh
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Workplace Stressors ◽  
Organizational Stressors ◽  
Stress At Work ◽  
The Impact

In work settings, stress can be produced by an array of stressors, such as work tasks, psychosocial, and organizational stressors. Reviews of studies done on physical and psychosocial stressors revealed that physical factors, such as repetitive movements, awkward postures, high force demands, work posture, vibration and psychosocial factors, such as low co-worker support, high quantitative demands, low job control and low job satisfaction are of importance. The organizations therefore should be concerned with identifying the workplace stressors, and empowering their employees to deal with those stressors that cannot be completely eliminated. Stress is a universal element experienced by employees around the globe. Stress has become major problem for employer particularly in developing nations where the employer does not realize the impact of stress on employee performance. It is important to recognize and address properly job stress because it badly affects the employee’s mental and physiological health. As there are so many resources for employees to perform excellent in their jobs but there is also some factors that hinders in their way. These factors lead to negative employee performance. Stress at work is seen as one of the major psychosocial risks of work. Work-related stress is one of the problems confronting employees. It is of great concern to employees, employers and psychologists, because of its high growing rate in ill- health, as a result of long working hours of some employees. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of work stressors on employee performance.

scholarly journals Exploring Drivers of Work-Related Stress in General Practice Teams as an Example for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Protocol for an Integrated Ethnographic Approach of Social Research Methods

10.2196/15809 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e15809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Rind ◽  
Sigrid Emerich ◽  
Christine Preiser ◽  
Elena Tsarouha ◽  
Monika A Rieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Related Stress

Background An increasing shortage of skilled personnel, including medical personnel, has been reported in many postindustrial economies. Persisting and growing trends in absenteeism and incapacity to work due to mental disorders are concerning and have increased political, economic, and scientific interest in better understanding and management of determinants related to the work environment and health. Objective This study protocol describes an integrated approach of social research methods to explore determinants of work-related stress in general practice teams as an example for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Methods The methods applied will allow an in-depth exploration of work practices and experiences relating to psychological well-being in general practice teams. An ethnographic approach will be used to develop an in-depth understanding of the drivers of work-related stress in general practice teams. We will combine participating observation and individual interviews with five to seven general practitioners (GPs), and five to seven focus group discussions with the nonphysician staff (3-4 participants per group) in approximately four GP group practices and one single practice in Germany. Data collection and analysis will follow a grounded theory approach. Results The Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany, has approved this study (reference number: 640/2017BO2). Recruitment has commenced with study completion anticipated in mid-2020. Conclusions The data from this project will be used in follow-up projects to develop and test an intervention to reduce and prevent work-related stress in GP practices and other SMEs. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15809

scholarly journals Working hours organization impact mechanism upon work-related accidents on microeconomic level

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
M. Titopoulou ◽  
E. Titopoulos ◽  
J. Staykova
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Impact Mechanism ◽  
Work Related

Work organizations rapidly change, triggering the need for a dynamic approach regarding the occupational health and safety and accident prevention. The objective of this research is to examine the influence of the factor 'organisation of the working time' upon the occupational accidents in enterprises as well as to suggest a model of an impact mechanism of working time organization on the occurrence and prevention of accidents/near accidents, using a representative Bulgarian sample. The research is based on a survey conducted in 2016 among 410 employees (52.9% women; 47.1% men) from all economic sectors. Statistical processing and analysis are performed by SPSS/PSPP and statistical modeling by EViews/Gretl. Results show that approximately every fifth employee works longer than the standard weekly occupation of 40 hours; 17.1% of all suffered work-related accident(s); 36.2% work overtime and 41.1% recognize the presence of work-related health problems (most common are total fatigue, back pain, stress and headache). Among those respondents claiming to have work-related health problems, accidents at work occur most frequently when working over 40 h/week. The suggested 3-stage impact mechanism of the working time organization on the occurrence and prevention of occupational accidents allows us to track the chain effects of existing practices in enterprises with regard to working time organization, employees' well-being and the occurrence of work accidents. Prevention strategies should consider changes in scheduling practices, job redesign, and health protection programmes.

scholarly journals “Work Like a Chinese”: Aspirations, Patterns of Work, and Working Conditions of the Chinese Immigrant Community in Southern Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Badanta ◽  
María González-Cano Caballero ◽  
Elena Fernández-García ◽  
Rocío de Diego-Cordero ◽  
Giancarlo Lucchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Provision Of Services

Expanding businesses was the main reason for the immigration of Chinese people in Spain, which consists the fifth largest nationality of immigrants in this country. Nevertheless, few studies have been carried out to understand the working conditions of this population. Using an ethnographic design, this study examined the work patterns and working conditions among Chinese immigrants living in southern Spain and how these factors affected their health. Observing participants, field notes, and semi-structured interviews with question script were conducted with 133 Chinese immigrants. Five main themes were defined: “Economic improvement as a migratory reason”, “Conception to Work”, “Labor Sector”, “Work conditions”, and “Occupational health”. Our results showed that Chinese immigrants worked in the provision of services, with long working hours and little rest. Although they had low rates of unemployment, the working conditions had an important impact on their dietary patterns and their family life. Ergonomic and psychosocial risks also explained high rates of musculoskeletal problems and stress. In conclusion, Chinese immigrants living in southern Spain work actively in the service sector of the economy, but with many work hours. These characteristics seem to impact their health at a physical, psychological, and social level.

Occupational Conditions in Brazilian Modern Rural Slave Labour

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Gairo Garreto ◽  
J. Santos Baptista ◽  
Antônia Mota
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Work Routine

Work in rural properties in conditions similar to slavery remains a reality in many countries, including Brazil. The Brazilian State characterises contemporary slave labour as a condition of freedom restriction for paying off debt, served by intensive working hours or inadequate working conditions related to Occupational Safety and Health. This study highlights the working conditions in rural slavery in Brazil, based on the Occupational Safety and Health perspective. The study was carried out based on a sample of Inspection Reports of the Governmental Authority to Combat Modern Slavery. A random sample of 42 reports was collected and analysed, describing the working conditions of 392 rural workers characterised as labour analogous to slavery. The analysis strategy was carried out from an Occupational Safety and Health standpoint. Data sets were identified and selected, grouped into five categories: Work routine; General health conditions; Manual machines and tools; Environmental conditions. Widespread exposure of Neo-enslaved workers to stressful working hours was found, in addition to severe Occupational Safety and Health problems. The occurrence of all these characteristics simultaneously was the most observed phenomenon among the sample, which demonstrates that it is possible to identify cases of modern slavery from an Occupational Safety and Health perspective.

scholarly journals Migration intentions among Polish physicians - the profile of a potential migrant

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Domagała ◽  
K Dubas-Jakóbczyk
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Physician Satisfaction ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
On Line ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Polish physicians migration has become a subject of interest in the context of current shortage of medical staff. The exact scale of migration is unknown due to insufficient data. The main goals of the study were to: 1) evaluate the scale of migration intentions among doctors working in Polish hospitals, 2) identify the key predictors and barriers of migration, 3) investigate an association between doctors satisfaction and their tendency to migrate. Methods A quantitative, on-line survey of doctors working in Polish hospitals was conducted between March and June, 2018. 15 cross-nationally distributed hospitals (7 general, 5 specialist, 3 university) were included in the study. The statistical analyses included: associations between the intention to migrate and demographic characteristics as well as work-related variables and overall satisfaction. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine which variables are significant predictors of the intention to migrate. Results 1.003 questionnaires were analyzed (response rate: 38%). 273 respondents declared the intention to migrate, including 45 (4.5%) answering ‘definitely yes’ and 228 (22.7%) ‘probably yes’. Men more often considered the option to migrate: 5.2% answered ‘definitely yes’ and 26.3% ‘probably yes’ in comparison to 3.7% and 19.0% respectively for females (p = 0.02). Childless physicians more often considered the option to migrate than those with kids (9.0% answered ‘definitely yes’ and 33.1% ‘rather yes’ vs 2.4% and 17.8%, respectively, p < 0.001). Almost 62% of doctors with the intention to migrate considered a temporary stay abroad. 70% of respondents indicated ‘leaving family’ as main migration barrier. Conclusions The intention to migrate is related to socio-demographic factors (gender, age, marital status, having children) and work-related factors (work experience, working hours). The intention to migrate is negatively related to physician satisfaction. Key messages The main reasons for the intention to migrate are: higher earnings abroad, better working conditions, the ability to achieve better work-life balance and better training opportunities. In Poland a holistic, systemic approach to health workforce planning should be implemented, including monitoring migration trends and improving working conditions.

Physical Activity of Nurse Clinical Practitioners and Managers

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 888-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areeya Jirathananuwat ◽  
Krit Pongpirul
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
Hourly Basis

Background: This study was aimed (1) to compare the level of physical activity (PA) between working and nonworking hours and (2) to compare the level of PA during working hours of nurse clinical practitioners (NCPs) with that of nurse managers (NMs). Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at a Thai university hospital from October 2015 to March 2016. All randomly selected participants wore an activity tracker on their hip for 5 days, except during bathing and sleeping periods, to record step counts and time points. Results: Of 884 nurses, 289 (142 NCPs and 147 NMs) were randomly selected. The average age was 35.87 years. They spent 9.76 and 6.01 hours on work and nonwork activities, respectively. Daily steps per hour were significantly lower during work than nonwork periods (P < .001). An NCP had significantly higher overall hourly PA (P = .002). The number of steps per hour during work period of NCP was significantly higher than that of NM even after adjusting for age, work experience, and body mass index (P = .034). Conclusions: NCP had higher overall PA than NM, which was partly contributed by work-related PA. Level of PA for a professional with variation of actual work hours should be measured on hourly basis.

scholarly journals A Review of Relevant Regulations, Requirements and Assessment Methods Concerning Physical Load in Workplaces in the Slovak Republic

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Linda Makovicka Osvaldova ◽  
Eva Sventekova ◽  
Stanislav Maly ◽  
Ivan Dlugos
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Working Posture

This review brings an overview of the Slovak regulations concerning occupational safety and health at work (OSH) primarily considering the parameter of physical load. In addition to regulations, this article focuses on particular requirements at workplaces with an increased physical load and describes the permissible values of the physical load (see tables). Attention is given to assessing the working posture and handling of loads. The main purpose of the evaluation is to determine the parameters of physical load, which is the first important step in the process of health risk assessment. Based on the physical load assessment and the categorization of tasks for the physical load factor in the Slovak Republic, further steps and measures should be taken to improve working conditions, to reduce the workload, number of health problems, fatigue, and ultimately to prevent accidents at work and work-related musculoskeletal diseases.

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