The use of medicinal plants to prevent COVID-19 in Nepal

Abstract Background Medicinal plants are the fundamental unit of traditional medicine system in Nepal. Nepalese people are rich in traditional medicine especially in folk medicine (ethnomedicine), and this system is gaining much attention after 1995. The use of medicinal plants has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic as a private behavior (not under the control of government). A lot of misinterpretations of the use of medicinal plants to treat or prevent COVID-19 have been spreading throughout Nepal which need to be managed proactively. In this context, a research was needed to document medicinal plants used, their priority of use in society, their cultivation status, and the source of information people follow to use them. This study aimed to document the present status of medicinal plant use and make important suggestion to the concerned authorities. Methods This study used a web-based survey to collect primary data related to medicinal plants used during COVID-19. A total of 774 respondents took part in the survey. The study calculated the relative frequencies of citation (RFC) for the recorded medicinal plants. The relationship between plants recorded and different covariates (age, gender education, occupation, living place, and treatment methods) was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon test. The relationship between the information sources people follow and the respondent characteristics was assessed using chi-square test. Results The study found that the use of medicinal plants has increased during COVID-19 and most of the respondents recommended medicinal plants to prevent COVID-19. This study recorded a total of 60 plants belonging to 36 families. The leaves of the plants were the most frequently used. The Zingiber officinale was the most cited species with the frequency of citation 0.398. Most of the people (45.61%) were getting medicinal plants from their home garden. The medicinal plants recorded were significantly associated with the education level, location of home, primary treatment mode, gender, and age class. The information source of plants was significantly associated with the education, gender, method of treatment, occupation, living with family, and location of home during the lockdown caused by COVID-19. Conclusions People were using more medicinal plants during COVID-19 claiming that they can prevent or cure COVID-19. This should be taken seriously by concerned authorities. The authorities should test the validity of these medicinal plants and control the flow of false information spread through research and awareness programs.

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The Use of Medicinal Plant to Prevent COVID-19 in Nepal

10.21203/rs.3.rs-88908/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dipak Khadka ◽

Man Kumar Dhamala ◽

Feifei Li ◽

Prakash Chandra Aryal ◽

Pappu Rana Magar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Information Source ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Primary Data ◽

Home Garden ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Medicinal plants are the fundamental unit of traditional medicine system in Nepal. Nepalese people are rich in traditional medicine especially in folk medicine (ethnomedicine) and this system is gaining much attention after 1995. The use of medicinal plants have increased during COVID-19 pandemic as a private behavior (not under the control of government). Lot of misinterpretations of the use of medicinal plants to treat or prevent COVID-19 have been spreading throughout Nepal which need to be managed proactively. In this context, a research was needed to document medicinal plants used, their priority of use in society, cultivation status and source of information people follow to use them. This study aimed to document the present status of medicinal plant use and make important suggestion to the concern authorities.Methods: This study used a web-based survey to collect primary data related to medicinal plants used during COVID-19. A total of 774 respondents took part in the survey. The study calculated the relative frequencies of citation (RFC) for the recorded medicinal plants. The relationship between plants recorded and different covariates (age, gender education, occupation, living place, and treatment methods were assessed using Kruskal Wallis test and Wilcox test. The relationship between the information sources people follow and respondent characteristics, were assessed using chi-square test.Results:The study found that the use of medicinal plants has increased during COVID-19 and most of the respondents recommended medicinal plants to prevent COVID-19. This study recorded a total of 63 plants belonging to 42 families. The leaves of the plants were the most frequently used. The Zingiber officinale was the most cited species with the frequency of citation 0.398. Most of the people (45.61%), were getting medicinal plants from their home garden. The medicinal plants recorded were significantly associated with the education level, location of home, primary treatment mode, gender, and age class. The information source of plants was significantly associated with the education, gender, method of treatment, occupation, living with family, and location of home during lockdown caused by COVID-19.Conclusions:People were using more medicinal plants during COVID-19 claiming that they can prevent or cure COVID-19. This should be taken seriously by concerned authorities. The authorities should test the validity of these medicinal plants and control the flow of false information spread through research and awareness programs.

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The Use of Medicinal Plants to Prevent COVID-19 in Nepal

10.21203/rs.3.rs-88908/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dipak Khadka ◽

Man Kumar Dhamala ◽

Feifei Li ◽

Prakash Chandra Aryal ◽

Pappu Rana Magar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Information Source ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Primary Data ◽

Home Garden ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Medicinal plants are the fundamental unit of traditional medicine system in Nepal. Nepalese people are rich in traditional medicine especially in folk medicine (ethnomedicine) and this system is gaining much attention after 1995. The use of medicinal plants have increased during COVID-19 pandemic as a private behavior (not under the control of government). Lot of misinterpretations of the use of medicinal plants to treat or prevent COVID-19 have been spreading throughout Nepal which need to be managed proactively. In this context, a research was needed to document medicinal plants used, their priority of use in society, cultivation status and source of information people follow to use them. This study aimed to document the present status of medicinal plant use and make important suggestion to the concern authorities.Methods: This study used a web-based survey to collect primary data related to medicinal plants used during COVID-19. A total of 774 respondents took part in the survey. The study calculated the relative frequencies of citation (RFC) for the recorded medicinal plants. The relationship between plants recorded and different covariates (age, gender education, occupation, living place, and treatment methods were assessed using Kruskal Wallis test and Wilcox test. The relationship between the information sources people follow and respondent characteristics, were assessed using chi-square test.Results: The study found that the use of medicinal plants has increased during COVID-19 and most of the respondents recommended medicinal plants to prevent COVID-19. This study recorded a total of 60 plants belonging to 36 families. The leaves of the plants were the most frequently used. The Zingiber officinale was the most cited species with the frequency of citation 0.398. Most of the people (45.61%), were getting medicinal plants from their home garden. The medicinal plants recorded were significantly associated with the education level, location of home, primary treatment mode, gender, and age class. The information source of plants was significantly associated with the education, gender, method of treatment, occupation, living with family, and location of home during lockdown caused by COVID-19.Conclusions: People were using more medicinal plants during COVID-19 claiming that they can prevent or cure COVID-19. This should be taken seriously by concerned authorities. The authorities should test the validity of these medicinal plants and control the flow of false information spread through research and awareness programs.

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Ethnobotanical Uses of Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Herniated Disc in Turkish Traditional Medicine

Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care - Ethnomedicinal Plant Use and Practice in Traditional Medicine ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1320-0.ch011 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 221-234

Author(s):

Mustafa Eray Bozyel ◽

Elif Merdamert Bozyel ◽

Kerem Canli

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Herniated Disc ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Surgical Methods ◽

Ancient People ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Secondary Substances ◽

Ethnobotanical Uses

Humans have known the therapeutic properties and plant origin poisons of many plant species since ancient times. Ancient people who had no real and scientific knowledge on diseases and treatments tried to find solutions to these problems by the opportunities they had and the theories they could produce. Plants are the most important source of traditional folk medicine. People around the world have benefited from plants grown in their environment for this purpose. In these drugs, whole plant or various plant organs or secondary substances were used. Over the years, several therapies have emerged to treat herniated disc, ranging from conservative treatment to minimally invasive and percutaneous techniques to open surgical methods. This chapter examines the recent studies to form a compilation on ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants for the treatment of herniated disc and their local names, parts, and usage forms in Turkish traditional medicine.

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Tingkat Pengenalan Masyarakat Terhadap Jenis Tumbuhan Obat Di Kecamatan Peusangan Selatan Kabupaten Bireun

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v4i1.849 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 392

Author(s):

Saudah Saudah ◽

Saida Rasnovi ◽

Zumaidar Zumaidar

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Data Collection ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Plant Species ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽

Primary Data ◽

Community Knowledge ◽

Rural Appraisal

The level of community recognition of medicinal plants in the Peusangan Selatan district of Bireun Regency is still low and has not been scientifically validated. This study aims to know about the community knowledge in used plant as traditional medicine. The method used in data collection is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and observation techniques. Inter-views were conducted semi-structurally based on a number of questionnaires. Collection of plant specimens is taken di-rectly from the location of growth assisted by the respondent or community. Primary data obtained from interviews were tabulated and then analyzed descriptively and presented In tables and figures. The results of the study obtained 23 species of medicinal plants that were grouped into 13 family. The most of plant used are from the ingiberaceae and Apiaceae. Percentage of plant species that are often used based on community knowledge are Curcuma longa, Carica papaya, Jatropa curcas, Lowsoniaenermis.

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Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants Used in the Northeastern Part of Morocco

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6002949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Mohammed Reda Kachmar ◽

Hanae Naceiri Mrabti ◽

Meryem Bellahmar ◽

Abdelilah Ouahbi ◽

Zoubida Haloui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Mentha Pulegium ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Origanum Compactum ◽

Pharmacological Screening ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis L

The knowledge of the plants that are used may provide insight on their properties for further exploration. This study aimed to identify and collect data about medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by the population of the provincial region of Taza, Morocco. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among 200 informants, competent villagers, herbalists, and traditional healers from the provincial region of Taza city through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. The survey reported 55 plant species belonging to 28 families used in the folk medicine. Informants’ results showed that the most frequently used plants were Origanum compactum, Mentha pulegium, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Aloysia citrodora, Calamintha officinalis Moench, and Artemisia herba-alba Asso., with a relative frequency of citation of 76%, 72%, 60%, 42%, 40%, and 30%, respectively. Moreover, in this study, the Lamiaceae family was the most commonly reported plant family, and the leaves were the most frequently used parts of the plants; otherwise, decoction and infusion were the most used modes in the preparation of remedies from medicinal plants in the traditional medicine. The sociodemographic characteristics showed that women use medicinal plants slightly more than men, the illiterate people use the medicinal plant the most, and old people have more information about the medicinal plants than the new generations. The region of Taza of Morocco has an important floristic biodiversity of medicinal plants which are used in traditional medicine practice. This result provides a good database for pharmacological screening in the search for new plants that can contain new bioactive molecules that can be used as a bioactive ingredient of medicament or as a biological alternative in pharmacology.

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The practical and potential importance of herbs such as ginger in Chemical Environmental Science

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW ◽

10.52756/ijerr.2021.v24.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Hadi Erfani ◽

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

Environmental Science ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Potential Importance ◽

The Creation

This article examines the medicinal and dietary supplement on the biological activities of identified chemicals from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) of Zingibracea family. Ginger have long been used in traditional medicine. One of the plants that is very effective in extracting essential oils is ginger, which has been studied by researchers in agricultural sciences and chemistry. The use of medicinal plants has a long history and one It has been one of the most important sources for overcoming the disease. Then From the creation of modern medicine and the widespread use of drugs chemically, people's tendency to medicinal plants decreased. Ginger plants are used, which can lead to the development and progress of countries. Ginger is a rhizome plant that grows to a height of 90cm centimeters.

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Concise Review: Herbal remedies for the treatment of nausea and vomiting

Biomedical Research and Therapy ◽

10.15419/bmrat.v5i5.437 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 2252-2259

Author(s):

Azam Mohsenzadeh ◽

Shokoufeh Ahmadipour ◽

Parisa Rahmani ◽

Parmida Shakarami

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Stomach Muscle ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Effective Use

Background: Vomiting occurs when the contractions of stomach muscle walls cause a large amount of the stomach content to go upward and flow back into the esophagus; this process is very common among infants. The aim of this review was to present the effects of medicinal plants on vomiting. Methods: In the current review, articles indexed in databases such as ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Islamic World Science Citation Center, Scientific Information Database, and Magiran were retrieved using the search terms ‘vomiting’, ‘nausea’, ‘medicinal plants’, and ‘traditional medicine’. Results: Based on the research findings, the medicinal plants Zingiber officinale, Mentha piperita, Cinnamomum verum, Citrus limon, Matricaria chamomilla, Lavandula angustifolia, Allium cepa, Oryza sativa, Foeniculum vulgare, Cuminum cyminum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Elettaria cardamomum, Pimpinella anisum, Ferula assa-foetida, Ocimum basilicum, and Musa sapientum were selected as the focus. Conclusion: In traditional medicine, treatment for vomiting is relevant, especially in children. The mechanisms of some of these plants have been understood but for many they are still unclear. Further investigations are needed to understand more about these medicinal plants and their mechanism of action for effective use in the clinic.

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New Indices for Ethnotoxicological Assessment of Medicinal Plants: Example of Tafilalet Region, Morocco

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886314666190206184436 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 127-139

Author(s):

Mohamed Eddouks ◽

Mohammed Ajebli ◽

Morad Hebi

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Toxic Species ◽

Toxic Plants ◽

Stratified Sample ◽

Toxic Plant ◽

The Relationship

Background:Several botanical species are poisonous and are used for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine. In fact, a relationship between toxicity and phytotherapeutic potential of medicinal plants exists. Objective:Until now, there is no ethnopharmacological indices evaluating mathematically the toxic property of any medicinal plant used traditionally. Consequently, it is important to find this link through the establishment and development of novel indices that put into consideration the relationship between toxicity and phytotherapy. Two essential objectives were targeted in the present investigation: firstly, we aimed to establish novel indices which permit researchers to evaluate data obtained in any ethnobotanical survey targeting toxic plants. Secondly, we aimed also to collect data and information about toxic species, mainly those used traditionally for therapeutic purposes in the region of Tafilalet (southeast of Morocco). Methods:The total informant interviewed in our study was 1616 (where 1500 were simple local inhabitants and 116 were herbalists). This inquiry was carried out through semi-structured and structured interviews and the sampling technique used was the stratified sample (9 stratums). Data obtained was analyzed using 3 new indices: Degree of Taxonomic Toxicity (DT), Degree of Botanical Families Toxicity (DFT) and Relative Link of Toxicity (RLT). Results:47 toxic species belonging to 38 botanical families were quoted in our survey. The highest value of DT was observed for Atractylis gummifera L. (DT=24.67). According to the calculated value of DFT, the most toxic plant family in the region of Tafilalet was Asteraceae (DFT=143.90). Nervous system disorders are the main ailment caused by the toxicity of poisonous species used in the traditional medicine in Tafilalet (RLT=1.44). Conclusion:Novel indices established in this investigation (DT, DFT and RLT) have been demonstrated to be useful for interpreting data collected in Tafilalet region and could serve for other ethnopharmacological surveys of toxic medicinal plants.

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Asteraceae yang Dimanfaatkan Sebagai Tumbuhan Obat di Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

10.31227/osf.io/h68xp ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yolanda Sari

Keyword(s):

Internal Medicine ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Direct Observation ◽

Medicinal Herbs ◽

Local People ◽

Interview Techniques ◽

The Relationship ◽

Descriptive Method ◽

Traditional Communities

The use of plants by traditional communities is examined in ethnobotany studies. Ethnobotany is the study of the relationship between people in a region and plants or the interaction of local people with their environment, especially plants. The use of plants as medicines by the community, one of which is in the area of Jorong Indarung Kanagarian Aie Tajun, Lubuk Alung Regency, Padang Pariaman District. Indarung Jorong community uses plants as traditional medicine consisting of single drugs and medicinal herbs. Knowledge of medicinal plants is obtained from people who know about medicinal plants (shamans) in the area. This research uses descriptive method with observation and direct interview techniques. Observations are made by direct observation to the field and sampling according to the required criteria and interviews are conducted directly with the experts of medicinal plants (shamans) in the Indarung Kanagarian Aia Tajun. Data on how to use medicinal plants by the community is presented in table form. From the results of research on ethnobotany, medicinal plants in Jorong Indarung Kanagarian Aia Tajun, Lubuk Alung Regency, Padang Pariaman District, found as many as 106 species of medicinal plants consisting of 49 families that can treat 32 kinds of diseases. The most widely used part of medicinal plants is leaves with a percentage of 45.98%. The use of medicinal plants is used as an external medicine and internal medicine. The most commonly used internal medicine is taken while the external drug is the most widely used method, which is applied or applied.

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Ethnoveterinary practice used for treating ruminant diseases in Ilara-mokin, Ondo State

Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.31248/jasvm2020.207 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 231-234

Author(s):

A. A. Bada ◽

◽

S. O. Adewole ◽

G. O. Agbowuro ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Health Centre ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Primary Data ◽

Microbial Diseases ◽

Petrol Station ◽

Ondo State ◽

The Village ◽

The Town

The study investigated ethno-veterinary practice being used in treating small ruminants’ diseases in Ilara-mokin area of Ondo State. Structured questionnaires were used in the study area to collect primary data. Twenty-one people were randomly selected from different areas of Ilara-mokin which included Golf community, central market, central health centre, Iloro, petrol station and Baale central and Abbattoir. Different medicinal plants which include Ocimum gratissimum, Crested Cockscomb, Chromolaena odorata, Elaeis guinensis, Momordica charantia, Vernonia amygdalina, Nicotiana tabacum and Zingiber officinale were identified to treat ruminant diseases. The diseases were categorized based on environmental or microbial diseases. Pest identified in the study area was mite that caused mange. Indigenous knowledge was been practiced in the village and there is need for conservation of the specie of ruminant that is going into extinction and medicinal plants used within the town

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