scholarly journals Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Saari ◽  
Kirsti Schildt ◽  
Sanna Malkamäki ◽  
Ulla Andersin ◽  
Antti Sukura
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Nasal Bridge ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Abstract Background Caryospora bigenetica is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which in its primary hosts, typically snakes, is found it the intestine. Extraintestinal multiplication with the development of tissue cysts takes place in secondary hosts, which are normally prey for snakes. Natural infection in domestic animals has been reported only in dogs; this is the first report of C. bigenetica infection in a cat. Case presentation A stray kitten developed nodular dermatitis after being adopted by a shelter. Firm swelling, nodules, and crusts were present mainly on the nasal bridge, eyelids, and pinnae. Histopathology and cytology revealed severe pyogranulomatous inflammation with abundant intracellular organisms suggestive of apicomplexan protozoa. Treatment with clindamycin 13 mg/kg twice daily was initiated, but the cat was euthanized because of the worsening condition. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed parasite’s apicomplexan origin postmortem, and the causative agent was identified as C. bigenetica by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Conclusions We present the first case of a naturally occurring infection with C. bigenetica in a cat. Although the definitive etiological diagnosis relied on molecular identification, the abundance of unsporulated oocysts and caryocysts and the parasite's effective reproduction within macrophages and in several other cell types might have enabled differentiation from other protozoal infections and allowed a presumptive diagnosis through cytology and histopathology.

scholarly journals Transient benign hyperphosphatasemia due to COVID-19: the first case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugba Erat ◽  
Müge Atar ◽  
Tugba Kontbay
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
First Case ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractObjectivesCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide in a few months and was declared as a worldwide pandemic by WHO in March 2020. Transient benign hyperphosphatasemia (THI) is a benign condition associated with marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) without any other kidney, bone, and liver pathologies.Case presentationHerein, we report a previously healthy 16-month-old female patient who developed a secondary transient benign hyperphosphatasemia associated with SARS-CoV-2. Patient whole family’s SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were positive. Since THI is a diagnosis of exclusion, other reasons that may cause ALP elevation should be ruled out. ALP activity decreased and turned to normal ranges within the following month. THI has been reported to be in association with various conditions. Its relationship with many viruses has been reported previously.ConclusionsIf ALP elevation is detected in patients with COVID 19 due to the increasing number of infections, THI should be considered if there is no other accompanying pathology.

scholarly journals The exit of Trypanosoma cruzi from the phagosome is inhibited by raising the pH of acidic compartments.

1990 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ley ◽  
E S Robbins ◽  
V Nussenzweig ◽  
N W Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acidic Compartments ◽  
Vacuolar Ph

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi can infect many distinct mammalian cell types. The parasites enter cells through the formation of phagocytic vacuoles, but later are found free in the cytosol, where they multiply as amastigotes. Using transmission electron microscopy we found that within 2 h after infection 70% of the parasites, including examples of both mammalian forms (trypomastigotes and amastigotes), were inside partially disrupted vacuoles or free in the cytosol. We demonstrated that the pH of vacuoles containing recently interiorized parasites is acidic, through immunocytochemical localization of the acidotropic compound DAMP (18) in their interior. Increasing the vacuolar pH with chloroquine, ammonium chloride, methylamine, or monensin significantly inhibited the escape of the parasites into the cytosol. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that an acid-active hemolysin of T. cruzi (15) might be involved in the escape mechanism.

scholarly journals Natural infection of parvovirus in wild fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus) reveals extant viral localization in kidneys

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247266
Author(s):  
Chutchai Piewbang ◽  
Sabrina Wahyu Wardhani ◽  
Jira Chanseanroj ◽  
Jakarwan Yostawonkul ◽  
Suwimon Boonrungsiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Atypical Localization

Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1), a viral species containing feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) variants, are widely spread among domestic and wild carnivores causing systemic fatal diseases. Wild fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus), a globally vulnerable species, have been found dead. Postmortem examination of the carcasses revealed lesions in intestine, spleen and kidney. CPPV-1 antigen identification in these tissues, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), supported the infection by the virus. PCR- and IHC-positivity in kidney tissues revealed atypical localization of the virus while in situ hybridization (ISH) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the pop-off technique confirmed the first description of viral localization in kidneys. Complete genome characterization and deduced amino acid analysis of the obtained CPPV-1 from the fishing cats revealed FPV as a causative agent. The detected FPV sequences showed amino acid mutations at I566M and M569R in the capsid protein. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of complete coding genome sequences revealed that the fishing cat CPPV-1 genomes are genetically clustered to the FPV genomes isolated from domestic cats in Thailand. Since the 1970s, these genomes have also been shown to share a genetic evolution with Chinese FPV strains. This study is the first evidence of CPPV-1 infection in fishing cats and it is the first to show its localization in the kidneys. These findings support the multi-host range of this parvovirus and suggest fatal CPPV-1 infections may result in other vulnerable wild carnivores.

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae non-O1 - the first reported case of keratitis in a healthy patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Dar Chen ◽  
Li-Ju Lai ◽  
Wei-Hsiu Hsu ◽  
Tsung-Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Vibrio cholerae non-O1 is a virulent pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Herein, we report a case of corneal ulcer caused by this pathogen. Case presentation A 59-year-old fisherman with no systemic history was struck in the right eye by a marine shrimp and developed keratitis. Corneal scrapping culture revealed the presence of the V. cholerae non-O1, and its identification was confirmed by Analytical Profile Index 20E system and polymerase chain reaction. He was successfully treated with topical levofloxacin (0.3%) and fortified amikacin (12.5 mg/mL) for 2 weeks. The visual acuity recovered to 20/25 after treatment without complications. Conclusions This is the first case report of keratitis caused by V. cholerae non-O1 strain. Ocular injury by marine creatures and contaminated seawater can contribute to severe corneal ulcer. Early diagnosis can be achieved by meticulous history taking and a comprehensive laboratory workup. Simultaneously, an effective antibiotic therapy can lead to a positive outcome.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Species Isolated from Sheep and Goats in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina M. Metwally ◽  
Mashael A. Al-Damigh ◽  
Isra M. Al-Turaiki ◽  
Manal F. El-Khadragy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Sarcocystis Species ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Time ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Sarcocystosis is induced by species of Sarcocystis, which is an intracellular protozoan parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. The diversity and importance of Sarcocystis species in sheep and goats in Saudi Arabia are poorly understood. In this study, the tongue, esophagus, heart, diaphragm, and skeletal muscles were collected from 230 sheep and 84 goats, and the tissues were examined for the presence of Sarcocystis species by macroscopic examination and light microscopy. Microscopic Sarcocystis species cysts were found in both sheep and goats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed S. tenella in sheep and S. capracanis in goats. Sarcocystis species were confirmed for the first time in Saudi Arabian sheep and goats by molecular testing. S. capracanis was most closely related to S. tenella, with the COX1 sequences sharing 91.7% identity. A phylogenetic analysis produced similar results and indicated that the Sarcocystis isolates were within a group of Sarcocystis species in which dogs were the final host. Finally, the Sarcocystis species cysts from sheep and goats could be grouped together, indicating that they were strongly related.

scholarly journals Computerized tomography scan findings of a patient with severe enterocolitis associated with the coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunari Takifuji ◽  
Hiroshi Terasawa ◽  
Masami Oka ◽  
Masaki Sahara ◽  
Tomoko Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Bloody Stool ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
First Case ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

Abstract Background: Currently, there is no available study about the occurrence of enterocolitis associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among adults. Case presentation: A 56-year-old man had lower abdominal pain, distension, diarrhea, and bloody stool. Moreover, the patient presented with fever and general fatigue. Laboratory examination did not reveal leukocytosis nor neutrophilia. However, the patient’s C-reactive protein level increased to 4.9 (normal range: 0.0–0.3) mg/dL. Both sputum and stool cultures had normal results. However, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed wall thickness mainly in the submucosal layer of the left part of the large intestine. Thus, real-time polymerase chain reaction test of throat swabs was performed for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and positive results were obtained. Conclusions: We report the first case of enterocolitis correlated to COVID-19, and the patient had positive abdominal CT scan findings. This imaging modality could be effective for the diagnosis of enterocolitis associated with COVID-19.

First molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Neospora caninum DNA from naturally infected goats in Northwest Tunisia

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosra Amdouni ◽  
Safa Amairia ◽  
Yousra Said ◽  
Sofia Awadi ◽  
Mohamed Gharbi
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
North African ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Abstract Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite from the phylum Apicomplexa, mainly associated with abortions and causing enormous economic losses. We aimed, by the present study, to estimate the molecular prevalence and phylogenetic analyses of natural infection with N. caninum in Tunisian goats. A total number of 121 meat samples were collected from slaughtered goats in the regional slaughterhouse of Béja (Northwest Tunisia) and tested from N. caninum ITS1 gene using PCR followed by sequencing of PCR products. Phylogenetic analyses were used to identify this parasite infecting goats in Nortwest Tunisia. The overall molecular prevalence was 19% (23/121). The highest molecular prevalence of N. caninum was observed in goats aged between 2 and 4 years (31.9 ± 13.27%) (P = 0.004). There was no difference in the overall molecular prevalence of N. caninum according to both localities and animal breeds. Comparison of the partial sequences of the ITS1 gene revealed 99–100% similarity with GenBank sequences. A high similarity with all the blasted genotypes was reported for N. caninum sequences. This is the first molecular study and genetic characterisation of N. caninum in North African goats.

scholarly journals A white circular-spot pattern of iridian atrophy associated with Varicella-zoster virus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfection: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz ◽  
Olga Lorena Rubio-Romero ◽  
Maria Cecilia Cedeño ◽  
Karla Arteaga-Rivera ◽  
Alejandra de-la-Torre
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Spot Pattern ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
First Case ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background We report a case of white circular spots of iridian atrophy, which we will call “polka dots” pattern, as a rare ophthalmological finding associated with uveitis secondary to varicella-zoster virus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfection in a male patient in Bogotá, Colombia. Case presentation We present de case of a 53-year-old Colombian male patient with a diagnosis of anterior uveitis in his left eye due to varicella-zoster virus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfection documented by polymerase chain reaction analysis. He presented with multiple areas of superficial white circular spots of iridian atrophy in 360º, some with deeper atrophy where the stroma fibers were visualized and only a small punctate defect of transillumination was evident. This rare pattern of iridian atrophy has not been previously described in cases of uveitis in the literature. Conclusions This is the first case reporting the findings of superficial “polka dots” pattern iridian atrophy in 360° secondary to anterior uveitis due to the coinfection of a virus and a parasite. The identification of similar clinical cases may lead to early initiation of systemic treatment in these patients.

scholarly journals A first case report of nasopharyngeal Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamato Oki ◽  
Hiromitsu Hatakeyama ◽  
Masanori Komatsu ◽  
Yasuhiro Isono ◽  
Hidetaka Ikemiyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotic ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Tissue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antibiotic Agents

Abstract Background Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense is a non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis and was subdivided from Mycobacterium abscessus in 2006. This article is the first report on nasopharyngitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense. Case presentation A 45-year-old woman had an 18-month history of recurrent nasopharyngitis and presented with pain in the throat. Mycobacterial tissue culture and polymerase chain reaction testing revealed the presence of Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense in the nasopharyngeal tissue. This patient underwent surgery, followed by multiple rounds of chemotherapy with oral and intravenous antibiotic agents for 16 weeks. She has had no recurrence during the 56 weeks since treatment. Conclusion It is difficult to detect the presence of Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense in a culture from the swabbing sample. The tissue culture from a biopsy specimen is mandatory for the identification of the species. Currently, no definite treatment policy is available and only empirical treatment is applied. This case is an important for the diagnosis and treatment of this bacterial infection on nasopharynx.

scholarly journals Meningitis induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: A case report

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Emergency Center ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in China and caused a catastrophic pandemic in 2020. Significant manifestations of COVID-19 are related to the respiratory system; however, other organs, such as the brain and heart, can also be involved. Case presentation: A 44-year-old-male was hospitalized in our referral emergency center due to being febrile and confused. He experienced five episodes of convulsion in the hospital. Within a day, the respiratory symptoms developed. The polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was positive for COVID-19. The analysis of CSF and findings of chest computed tomography scan revealed that the case was infected with meningitis induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and pneumonia. Conclusions: It has been reported that neurological symptoms of COVID-19 can appear earlier than other symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, few articles have represented COVID-induced meningitis. This case study reported the first case of meningitis induced by SARS-CoV-2 in Iran

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