scholarly journals Motion Appearance of Women in the Menstrual and Endometrial Cycle

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Santika Rentika Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Significant Difference

In the endometrium and menstrual cycle, occurs several phase. Those are Menstrual Phase, Proliferative Phase, Secretaory Phase and Phase Ischemi. In the these phase occurs change in outpouring of sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that are closely related to the psychological condition (stress and emotions). Psychological conditions in these cycles is estimated to affect the appearance of human motion, appearance of motion in motor skills which means the ability to bring maximum results with spends certain minimum energy and time. The aim of this research was to reveal differences in the appearance of motion in the 200-meter run at the menstrual cycle and endometrium phase. Result of the statistical analysis showed that the appearance of motion in the form of 200-meter run in the fourth group of the menstrual phase, proliferative phase, secretory phase, and ischemic phase has no significant difference (P> 0.05). The conclusion of this research there was no differences in the appearance of motion (travel time to run 200 meters) in a woman in a state of menstrual phase, proliferative phase, secretory phase, and ischemic phase.

scholarly journals Effects of different phases of menstrual cycle on lung functions in young girls of 18-24 years age

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Manish Goyal ◽  
S. K. Dwivedi ◽  
Ajit Singh Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Lung Functions ◽  
Three Phases

Background: The dynamic cyclical changes in the levels of various hormones during different phases of menstrual cycle are known to affect functioning of different systems of the body, including the respiratory system. Objective of the study was to study the effects of different phases of menstrual cycle on lung functions in young girls of 18-24 years age.Methods: 78 girls who were medical students of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, India were chosen for the study. Their lung function parameters were recorded on Spiro Excel, a computerized spirometer. Four lung function parameters i.e. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC% and PEFR were recorded in the different phases of menstrual cycle i.e. menstrual phase, proliferative phase and secretory phase.Results: All lung function parameters except FEV1/FVC% were least in menstrual phase and highest in secretory phase with in between values in proliferative phase. The values were significantly different among the three phases. FEV1/FVC% values were maximum in menstrual phase, lowest in secretory phase with intermediate values in proliferative phase but the values were not significantly different among the three phases. Mean values of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR were higher in all the phases of menstrual cycle in normal BMI subjects as compared to the corresponding phases of underweight subjects.Conclusions: Higher values of lung functions during proliferative and secretory phases can be attributed to the higher concentrations of sex hormones specially progesterone because in most of the studies progesterone is known to cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability during Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
T. Srigopika ◽  
G. Sridevi ◽  
S. Preetha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Proliferative Phase

Introduction: Every month, between puberty and menopause, a woman’s body goes through a number of changes to get it ready for a possible pregnancy. This series of hormone-driven events is called the menstrual cycle. A woman’s menstrual cycle is divided into three phases- proliferative phase, secretory phase and menstrual phase.  The hormonal surge during each phase causes profound effects on the cardiovascular system as well. However, previous research reported conflicting results in this concept. Thus the controversial statements associating blood pressure and heart rate variability with menstrual cycle promoted this research. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the blood pressure and heart rate variability during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: 20 healthy women belonging to the proliferative, secretory and menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle were analyzed for autonomic functions tests using systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and heart rate variability. Results: It showed that there was a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate during the secretory phase. There was an increase in heart rate variability during the menstrual phase but this was statistically insignificant. Conclusion:  The study concluded that there were significant changes in blood pressure during the secretory phase and pulse rate and insignificant increase in heart rate variability during the menstrual phase. Thus, the study also concluded that sympathetic nervous activity in the secretory phase is significantly greater than in the proliferative phase, whereas parasympathetic nervous activity is predominant in the proliferative phase.

scholarly journals A preliminary study exploring the change in ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity during the menstrual cycle in cis women

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Yamazaki ◽  
Sae Maruyama ◽  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Yukako Suzuki ◽  
Sohei Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Anterior Drawer ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity (GJL) in relation to the menstrual cycle, which was divided into four phases based on basal body temperature and ovulation, assessed using an ovulation kit. Methods Participants were 14 female college students (21–22 years) with normal menstrual cycles (cis gender). Anterior drawer stress to a magnitude of 120 N was applied for all participants. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) length was measured as the linear distance (mm) between its points of attachment on the lateral malleolus and talus using ultrasonography. Data on ATFL length from each subject were used to calculate each subject’s normalized length change with anterior drawer stress (AD%). The University of Tokyo method was used for evaluation of GJL. AD% and GJL were measured once in each menstrual phase. Results There was no statistically significant difference between AD% in each phase. GJL score was significantly higher in the ovulation and luteal phases compared with the early follicular phase. AD% and GJL showed a positive correlation with each other in the ovulation phase. Conclusions Although it is unclear whether estrogen receptors are present in the ATFL, the present study suggests that women with high GJL scores might be more sensitive to the effects of estrogen, resulting in ATFL length change in the ovulation phase.

Polo-like kinase expression in normal human endometrium during the menstrual cycle

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Takai ◽  
Tami Miyazaki ◽  
Isao Miyakawa ◽  
Ryoji Hamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Normal Endometrium ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Late Secretory Phase

The enzyme, polo-like kinase (PLK), is a mammalian serine/threonine kinase involved in cell cycle regulation. A great deal of evidence regarding the role of PLK in the cell cycle has been obtained through studies of cultured cells, though little is known about its function or even expression in vivo. The endometrium undergoes rapid proliferation and differentiation under ovarian steroid hormone control during the 28-day cycle. Thus, normal endometrium provides an excellent model in which to study the hormone dependency of PLK expression. In the present study, we examined the features of PLK expression in 20 samples of normal human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. The expression of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were also examined as markers of proliferation. Immunohistochemical studies showed that PLK staining was detected in the basement membrane of many endometrial glands, stromal cells, and some endothelial cells. The number of PLK-positive endometrial gland cells was significantly higher in the late proliferative phase (19.16% 4.98%) and the early secretory phase (19.28% 4.99%) than in the early proliferative phase (2.60% 2.33%) or the late secretory phase (5.76% 2.16%) (P<0.0001). PLK expression seemed to be correlated with the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA in many endometrial glands and stromal cells particularly in the late proliferative phase, reflecting a role of PLK in cellular proliferation. Nevertheless, in the early secretory phase, at which point the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA decreased in endometrial glands, PLK was strongly expressed. This finding suggests that PLK may have some post-mitotic functions in certain specialized cell types. Although the highest expression of PLK was observed in the late proliferative and the early secretory phases, the expression drastically decreased in the late secretory phase. These findings, taken together, indicate that the expression of PLK in normal endometrium fluctuates over the course of the menstrual cycle, suggesting in turn that PLK is associated with hormone-dependent cellular proliferation and that hormone functions may be involved in its regulation.

Assessment of Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity during the Menstrual Cycle Using Alfentanil as a Noninvasive Probe 

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan D. Kharasch ◽  
Michael Russell ◽  
Kyle Garton ◽  
Gretchen Lentz ◽  
T. Andrew Bowdle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Stage Analysis ◽  
P450 Activity

Background Gender-dependent differences in cytochrome P450 activity, drug metabolism, drug elimination, and their clinical consequences are increasingly apparent. P450 3A4 is the most abundant P450 isoform in the human liver and is responsible for metabolizing a vast and diverse assortment of therapeutic agents, including opioids, benzodiazepines, and local anesthetics. P450, 3A4 activity is higher in women, influenced by steroid hormone levels, and is speculated to vary during the menstrual cycle. This investigation tested the hypothesis that P450 3A4 activity varies during the menstrual cycle. Alfentanil clearance was used as a metabolic probe for P450 3A4 activity. Methods Alfentanil (20 micrograms/kg bolus) was administered to nine nonsmoking, nonpregnant female volunteers (age, 26 +/- 5 yr) with normal menstrual cycles on three separate occasions during the same menstrual cycle: days 2 (menstrual phase), 13 (estrogen peak), and 21 (progesterone peak). Venous plasma alfentanil concentrations were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Alfentanil clearance was determined by noncompartmental methods and by a three-compartment model with both pooled population and two-stage analysis. Results There was no significant difference in any measure of alfentanil clearance. Noncompartmental clearances (mean +/- SD) were 3.62 +/- 0.76, 3.81 +/- 0.96, and 3.60 +/- 0.84 ml/kg/ min, respectively, on days 2, 13, and 21 of the menstrual cycle. Conclusions Alfentanil clearances were not different on menstrual cycle days 2, 13, and 21, strongly suggesting no change in P450 3A4 activity. Menstrual cycle differences in alfentanil clearances do not contribute to interindividual variability in alfentanil disposition in women. If other P450 3A4 substrates are comparable, then menstrual cycle variability in their metabolism may not be a consideration in dosing or in the design of pharmacokinetic investigations.

scholarly journals The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is required for human endometrial stromal cell decidualization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangappa B. Chadchan ◽  
Vineet K. Maurya ◽  
Pooja Popli ◽  
Ramakrishna Kommagani
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cell ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Human Endometrial Stromal Cell

AbstractSTUDY QUESTIONIs SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) expressed in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle, and does it participate in endometrial decidualization?SUMMARY ANSWERACE2 protein is highly expressed in human endometrial stromal cells during the secretory phase and is essential for human endometrial stromal cell decidualization.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYACE2 is expressed in numerous human tissues including the lungs, heart, intestine, kidneys and placenta. ACE2 is also the receptor by which SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONProliferative (n = 9) and secretory (n = 6) phase endometrium biopsies from healthy reproductive-age women and primary human endometrial stromal cells from proliferative phase endometrium were used in the study.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSACE2 expression and localization were examined by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence in both human endometrial samples and mouse uterine tissue. The effect of ACE2 knockdown on morphological and molecular changes of human endometrial stromal cell decidualization were assessed. Ovariectomized mice were treated with estrogen or progesterone to determine the effects of these hormones on ACE2 expression.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEIn human tissue, ACE2 protein is expressed in both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, and expression increases in stromal cells in the secretory phase. The ACE2 mRNA (P < 0.0001) and protein abundance increased during primary human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization. HESCs transfected with ACE2-targeting siRNA were less able to decidualize than controls, as evidenced by a lack of morphology change and lower expression of the decidualization markers PRL and IGFBP1 (P < 0.05). In mice during pregnancy, ACE2 protein was expressed in uterine epithelial and stromal cells increased through day six of pregnancy. Finally, progesterone induced expression of Ace2 mRNA in mouse uteri more than vehicle or estrogen (P < 0.05).LARGE SCALE DATAN/A.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONExperiments assessing the function of ACE2 in human endometrial stromal cell decidualization were in vitro. Whether SARS-CoV-2 can enter human endometrial stromal cells and affect decidualization have not been assessed.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSExpression of ACE2 in the endometrium allow SARS-CoV-2 to enter endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, which could impair in vivo decidualization, embryo implantation, and placentation. If so, women with COVID-19 may be at increased risk of early pregnancy loss.STUDY FUNDINGS/COMPETING INTEREST(S)This study was supported by National Institutes of Health / National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grants R01HD065435 and R00HD080742 to RK and Washington University School of Medicine start-up funds to RK. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

scholarly journals Sonoelastographic assessment of the normal uterus and ovaries using the Shear Wave Elastography according to different menstrual phases

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Özgür Turan ◽  
Ersen Ertekin ◽  
Oghuz Abdullayev ◽  
Behram Kuh
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Pelvic Ultrasonography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: In most of the gynecological studies conducted using the Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) method in the literature, the menstrual cycle period was not taken into account. Current study, we aimed to describe the sonoelastographic features of normal myometrium and ovaries in healthy women and to define their variability during the different phases of the menstrual cycle using the SWE method. Material and methods: All cases were selected from individuals between the ages of 24-31, with regular menstrual cycles and no systemic disease. Each case was called in, 1-5th, 12-16th, 21-24th day of their menstrual cycles and was evaluated by B-mode imaging and SWE in pelvic ultrasonography. The relationship of menstrual phases with uterine and ovarian elasticity was investigated by comparing all measurements made in different menstrual phases. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between the volume of right and left ovaries in terms (p> 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of elastography measurements obtained from the uterus, right and left ovaries for each menstrual phase according to Bonferroni Correction (p> 0.0163). Conclusion: Although there was a slight decrease in myometrial SWE measurements in the follicular phase, there was no significant difference regarding the SWE measurements of uterus and ovaries in early follicular, peri-ovulatory, and luteal menstrual stages. Further studies with a large number of participants are needed to suggest whether gynecological studies planned to be carried out with the shear wave elastography method should be planned in a specific menstrual phase.

203 PLASMA MEMBRANE Ca2+-PUMPING ATPase 1 IS ABUNDANTLY EXPRESSED AND DISTINCTLY REGULATED BY ESTROGEN IN HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
H. Yang ◽  
E.-B. Jeung
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Total N ◽  
High Level

Plasma membrane Ca2+-pumping ATPases (PMCA) play a critical role in maintaining cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The PMCA mRNA are encoded on 4 genes, designated PMCA1 to PMCA4. In a previous study, we found that both PMCA1 and PMCA4 are expressed at similar levels in astrocytes and in neurons. Although PMCA1b is expressed in the uterus of rats during the oestrous cycle, the expression of PMCA1 and its potential roles has not been elucidated during the menstrual cycle in the human endometrium. Thus, in the current study, the expression pattern of PMCA1 was examined to predict its roles in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Human uterine tissues (total n = 40) were separated into 3 groups according to menstrual cycle phase: menstrual phase, proliferative phase (early, mid, late), and secretory phase (early, mid, late). Using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, uterine expression of PMCA1 mRNA and protein increased to 1.5-fold in the early-, mid- and late-proliferative phases in the endometrium of the human uterus, compared with other menstrual phases. In addition, uterine PMCA1 was abundantly localised in the cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells in the menstrual phases, indicating that this protein may participate in the uterine Ca balance of the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Taken together, these results suggest that a high level of uterine PMCA1 expression may be involved in reproductive functions during the menstrual cycle of humans.

232 DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF UTERINE CALCIUM-RELATED PROTEINS (NCKX3, NCX1, PMCA1, TRPV6, AND CABINDIN-D9k AND -D28k) DURING HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
K. C. Choi ◽  
E. B. Jeung
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Human Uterus ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Total N ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Related Proteins

The endometrium is hostile to embryo implantation except during the window of receptivity. A change in endometrial gene expression is required for the development of receptivity. The uterine calcium balance is crucial for physiological functioning, including smooth muscle contraction and embryo implantation. The location of cytoplasmic calcium-related proteins (CRP) include the calcium transporters 1 (CaT1), calbindin-D9k/-D28k (CaBP- 9k/28k), plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 1b (PMCA1b), sodium/calcium exchangers (NCX1), and potassium-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCKX3). The expressions of these CRP and their potential roles in the uterus of human during the menstrual cycle remain to be clarified. Thus, in this current study, the expression patterns of CRP were examined for their roles in the human uterus during the menstrual cycle. Human endometrial tissues were collected by curettage from women undergoing hysteroscopy for investigation of tubal patency or tubal ligation. Approval was given by the Human Ethics Committee at SCH Medical Center, Bucheon, and signed consent was obtained in every case. Human uterus (total n = 51) were divided into 3 groups: menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phase. Reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to measure the level of CRP mRNA and protein, respectively. During the menstrual cycle of human, the expression levels of CaT1 mRNA and protein were increased 5-fold at proliferative phase (Days 6 to 13) compared with secretory phase in the endometrium of uterus. The expression of CaBP-28k mRNA and protein was less 2-fold during the proliferative phase (Days 6 to 13) than during the secretory phase (Days 16 to 28). However, the expressions of NCX1, NCKX3, and PMCA1b mRNA and protein were not altered during cycle, whereas the expression of CaBP-9k was not observed in the uterus of human. In addition, spatial expression of CRP was detected by immunohistochemistry Uterine CRP was abundantly localized in the cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells during menstrual cycle. Taken together, these results indicate that uterine CRP is abundantly expressed in the uterus, suggesting that uterine expression of CRP might be involved in reproductive function during the menstrual cycle in human.

UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF TRITIATED OESTRADIOL AND OESTRONE BY HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL AND MYOMETRIAL TISSUE IN VITRO

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. GABB ◽  
G. M. STONE
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Endometrial Tissue ◽  
Human Uterus ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Degree Of Oxidation ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

SUMMARY Human endometrial and myometrial tissues were incubated in vitro with [3H]oestradiol-17β and [3H]oestrone to study the uptake and interconversion of these two steroids by the tissues. Endometrial tissue displayed a higher capacity for oestrogen interconversion than myometrial tissue and the oxidation of oestradiol-17β to oestrone was favoured, rather than the reverse reaction. A greater degree of oxidation was found in tissue taken from uteri in the secretory phase than in the proliferative phase. A study of the distribution of radiometabolites between 'soluble' and 'particulate' fractions of tissue homogenates showed that a greater proportion of the tissue radioactivity was associated with the 'particulate' fraction in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase. After incubation of endometrial tissue from the secretory phase with tritiated oestrogens there was evidence of the formation of chloroform-insoluble radiometabolites and some of these were tentatively identified as oestrogen sulphates. In a second experiment, the uptake and metabolism of the same two oestrogens by tissue from leiomyomata uteri (fibroids) and normal myometrial tissue were compared. No significant difference between these tissues was found. The results suggest that the levels of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the human uterus may be dependent upon the levels of oestrogens in the blood. The lack of a difference in the treatment of oestrogens by fibroid and normal myometrial tissue suggests that these tissues may have a similar mechanism for the uptake and retention of oestrogens.

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