scholarly journals Identification of asymptomatic Leishmania infections: a scoping review

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Victoria Ibarra-Meneses ◽  
Audrey Corbeil ◽  
Victoria Wagner ◽  
Chukwuemeka Onwuchekwa ◽  
Christopher Fernandez-Prada
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Gold Standard Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background Asymptomatic Leishmania infection may play an important role in the transmission of the parasite in endemic areas. At present there is no consensus on the definition of asymptomatic Leishmania infection, nor is there a safe and accessible gold standard test for its identification. Methods This paper presents a scoping review to summarize definitions of asymptomatic Leishmania infection found in the literature, as well as to detail the approach (molecular, serological, cellular, and/or parasitological tests) used by researchers to identify this asymptomatic population. A scoping review of published and gray literature related to asymptomatic Leishmania infection was conducted; retrieved citations were screened based on predefined eligibility criteria, and relevant data items were extracted from eligible articles. The analysis is descriptive and is presented using tables, figures, and thematic narrative synthesis. Results We conducted a screening of 3008 articles, of which 175 were selected for the full review. Of these articles, we selected 106 that met the inclusion criteria. These articles were published between 1991 and 2021, and in the last 5 years, up to 38 articles were reported. Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil (26%), Spain (14%), India (12%), Bangladesh (10%), and Ethiopia (7%). Of the studies, 84.9% were conducted in the immunocompetent population, while 15.1% were conducted in the immunosuppressed population (HIV, immunosuppressive drugs, and organ transplantation population). We report 14 different techniques and 10 strategies employed by researchers to define asymptomatic Leishmania infection in an endemic area. Conclusions The definition of asymptomatic Leishmania infection is not unified across the literature, but often includes the following criteria: residence (or extended stay) in a Leishmania-endemic area, no reported signs/symptoms compatible with leishmaniasis, and positive on a combination of serological, molecular, cellular, and/or parasitological tests. Caution is recommended when comparing results of different studies on the subject of asymptomatic infections, as the reported prevalence cannot be confidently compared between areas due to the wide variety of tests employed by research groups. More research on the importance of asymptomatic immunosuppressed and immunocompetent Leishmania-positive populations in leishmaniasis epidemiology is required. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Symptom management theory applied to nursing care: scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Adrianne Garcia Paiano da Silva ◽  
Vagner José Lopes ◽  
Nen Nalú Alves das Mercês
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Symptom Management ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Symptom Experience ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify publications about the applicability of the Symptom Management Theory in nursing care to pediatric, adolescent, adult and elderly patients. Methods: scoping review following the steps: definition of the objective, research question and inclusion criteria; search, selection and analysis of publications; synthesis of results. The search occurred in the VHL, SciELO, CAPES and PubMed Journals Portal bases, contemplating publications between 1994 and July 2020. Results: out of 3,286 studies, ten were selected, published between 2008 and 2019. They described the relationships between the participants and the domains (person, environment, health and disease), components (symptom experience, management strategies, results) and presented strategies for symptom management. Conclusions: the Symptom Management Theory was considered applicable to the participants of the studies and to nursing care. It was concluded that understanding the interaction of these elements is essential to plan actions aimed at controlling symptoms effectively.

scholarly journals Assessment the quality of life in patients with heart failure in Asia: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlaeli Qadrianti ◽  
Kusrini S. Kadar ◽  
Elly L. Sjattar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

The prevalence of heart failure is high. More than 23 million patients worldwide and is believed to continue to increase to 46% in 2030. In America, the prevalence of heart failure is around 6 million patients per year. Meanwhile, heart failure in Asia is the highest in the world. To identify instruments for assessing patients with heart failure that used in Asia. This is a scoping review that follows the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley. We use 6 databases, namely Proquest, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, ClinicalKey For Nursing, and Garuda. Articles in English and Indonesian were published between 2015 and 2020. We also did additional searches that met the inclusion criteria. Based on duplication, 2037 articles were left, then 1981 articles were screened. Then, 56 full-text articles were selected in the eligibility criteria, and the last 29 articles were selected for the synthesis. A total of 6 instruments were identified. We discussed the method, domain, and duration of assessments. The selection of instruments needs to be adapted to the epidemiological characteristics of the population. Keywords: quality of life; heart failure; scoping review; nursing care

scholarly journals A scoping review protocol to map the evidence on interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in children

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e019311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peer-Benedikt Vincent Bussiek ◽  
Chiara De Poli ◽  
Gwyn Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Obesity In Children

IntroductionObesity has become one of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century. Prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased dramatically worldwide over the last 20 years, and this trend is expected to continue. Obesity in childhood is concerning as it predicts obesity in adulthood, a common risk factor for a wide array of chronic diseases and poor health outcomes. Obesity is preventable and a vast but fragmented body of evidence on preventative interventions is now available. This article outlines the protocol for a scoping review of published literature reviews on interventions to prevent obesity in children. The scoping review addresses the broad research question ‘What is the evidence on interventions to prevent childhood obesity?’. It aims to give an overview of the various interventions available, understand those which are effective and identify barriers and facilitators to their effectiveness.Methods and analysisThe six-staged Arksey and O’Malley methodology framework is used to guide the scoping review process: following the definition of the research questions (stage 1); the eligibility criteria and search strategy are defined (stage 2); the study selection process based on the eligibility criteria identified will follow (stage 3); a framework developed for this review will then inform the extraction and charting of data from the included reviews (stage 4); results will be aggregated and summarised with criteria relevant for health professionals and policy-makers (stage 5); and the optional consultation (stage 6) exercise is not planned.Ethics and disseminationSince the scoping review methodology aims at synthetising information from available publications, this study does not require ethical approval. An article reporting the results of the scoping review will be submitted for publication to a scientific journal, presented at relevant conferences and disseminated as part of future workshops with professionals involved in obesity prevention.

scholarly journals The effects of meditation on individuals facing loneliness: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurleen K. Saini ◽  
Saud B. Haseeb ◽  
Zhala Taghi-Zada ◽  
Jeremy Y. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Social Closeness ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background Meditation is defined as a mind and body practice focused on interactions between the brain, mind, body, and behaviour, containing four key elements: a quiet location with little distractions, a comfortable posture, a focus of attention, and an open attitude. We sought to review the benefits of meditation on the alleviation of loneliness. Methods A scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework. Eligibility criteria included primary studies of any type that investigated the effects of meditation on loneliness. Search strategies were developed and conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, and CINAHL. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, and American Psychological Association websites were also searched. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were critically reviewed using a descriptive-analytical narrative method. Results Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria and were published between 2012 and 2020 across 10 countries. Eleven studies reported improvements in relation to loneliness. Of the remaining two studies (15%), one mentioned the alleviation of loneliness, but only looked primarily at social closeness in lonely individuals. The other study found a correlation between loneliness and nuclear factor (NF)-κB levels, which was the measured outcome; however, the direct effects of meditation on loneliness were unclear. Three main themes emerged from our analysis, as follows: 1) positive results across all studies, 2) relatively small randomized control trials conducted over the last decade, and 3) lack of diverse demographic information. Conclusions While a small number of studies exist at this intersection, given all included studies indicated positive findings, the effects of meditation in alleviating loneliness are promising. Future research should be directed at understanding how meditation mitigates loneliness and how this intervention can impact practice for healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Service Robotics in Nursing Care. The Preliminary Results of a Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Ohneberg ◽  
Nicole Stöbich ◽  
Angelika Warmbein ◽  
Ivanka Rathgeber ◽  
Uli Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Service Robotics ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Subject

A scoping review was prepared in the first study phase of the REsPonSe project. The objective was to gain an overview of existing literature and available evidence on the subject of service robotics in nursing care. The systematic literature search took place using the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore. The titles and abstracts of 2.761 references were screened based on the inclusion criteria. A total of 31 articles were identified as relevant for the study.

scholarly journals Data digitalisation in the mining industry – a scoping review protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duarte ◽  
Fernanda Rodrigues ◽  
J. Santos Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Do So

The new trends in technology, allied to the industrial revolution has been creating opportunities for developments in almost every industrial field, which includes the mining industry. Mining 4.0 is a recent conception, trying to achieve optimal production control through digital and technological innovations. However, it is of fundamental importance to know what are the existent methodologies for data digitalisation, as well as the data that is actually been used. In order to do so, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews was used to write a guideline for conducting a scoping review on the subject. All information regarding the review are explained: screened sources, research methodologies, used keywords, exclusion and eligibility criteria, amongst others. The methodologies to handle the collected information is also clarified, as well as the research team’s instruments. 

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Antonio Negri

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Diran
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Antonio Negri

Agamben describes his posture as a reader as one of seeking a text’s Entwicklungsfähigkeit, or capacity for elaboration.1 In examining Agamben’s practices of reading, we can attend to the opposite phenomenon: the counter-elaboration that a text, in having being read by the philosopher, performs upon Agamben’s own thought. This reciprocal elaboration might constitute a paradigm for Agamben’s use of reading, according to his own idiosyncratic definition of use as an event in the middle voice, in which (according to a definition of Benveniste) the subject ‘effects an action only in affecting itself (il effectue en s’affectant)’ (UB 28). With this definition in mind, we could say that Agamben effects a text (he writes) only to the extent that he is also affected by another text (he reads). This is why Agamben’s position as a reader proves particularly important to any assessment of his work, quite aside from the problem of influence or intellectual genealogy. For this same reason, however, assessing Agamben’s relation to Antonio Negri – a figure with whom, by most measures, he is at odds – poses an unexpected challenge: how can Agamben’s thought be a use of Negri? Answering this question means not only assessing the critical distance between the two thinkers, but also taking this distance as a measure, in the Spinozan sense, of mutual affection.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

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