scholarly journals Involvement of gut microbiome in human health and disease: brief overview, knowledge gaps and research opportunities

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachao Liang ◽  
Ross Ka-Kit Leung ◽  
Wenda Guan ◽  
William W. Au
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Correction to: Involvement of gut microbiome in human health and disease: brief overview, knowledge gaps and research opportunities

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachao Liang ◽  
Ross Ka‑Kit Leung ◽  
Wenda Guan ◽  
William W. Au
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Gut Pathogens

Following publication of the original article in Gut Pathogens [1], it was brought to our attention that Dr. Ross Ka Kit Leung’s affiliation was incomplete. Dr. Leung is appointed as an Adjunct Professor of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1st 2017 to December 31st 2019. He would like to correct here the affiliation and acknowledge his role at the Guangzhou Medical University when this article was published.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Findings,Challenges, and Future Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Nader Kameli ◽  
Anya Dragojlovic-Kerkache ◽  
Paul Savelkoul ◽  
Frank R. Stassen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Protocol Standardization ◽  
Insight Into

In recent years, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have gained the interest of many experts in fields such as microbiology and immunology, and research in this field has exponentially increased. These nano-sized particles have provided researchers with a number of interesting findings, making their application in human health and disease very promising. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PDEVs can exhibit a multitude of effects, suggesting that these vesicles may have many potential future applications, including therapeutics and nano-delivery of compounds. While the preliminary results are promising, there are still some challenges to face, such as a lack of protocol standardization, as well as knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This review aims to discuss various aspects of PDEV knowledge, including their preliminary findings, challenges, and future uses, giving insight into the complexity of conducting research in this field.

scholarly journals Carbohydrates great and small, from dietary fiber to sialic acids: How glycans influence the gut microbiome and affect human health

Gut Microbes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Joanna K Coker ◽  
Oriane Moyne ◽  
Dmitry A. Rodionov ◽  
Karsten Zengler
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sialic Acids

scholarly journals Science for the Next Century: Deep Phenotyping

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110018
Author(s):  
J.T. Wright ◽  
M.C. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Omic Data ◽  
Precision Health ◽  
Deep Phenotyping

Our ability to unravel the mysteries of human health and disease have changed dramatically over the past 2 decades. Decoding health and disease has been facilitated by the recent availability of high-throughput genomics and multi-omics analyses and the companion tools of advanced informatics and computational science. Understanding of the human genome and its influence on phenotype continues to advance through genotyping large populations and using “light phenotyping” approaches in combination with smaller subsets of the population being evaluated using “deep phenotyping” approaches. Using our capability to integrate and jointly analyze genomic data with other multi-omic data, the knowledge of genotype-phenotype relationships and associated genetic pathways and functions is being advanced. Understanding genotype-phenotype relationships that discriminate human health from disease is speculated to facilitate predictive, precision health care and change modes of health care delivery. The American Association for Dental Research Fall Focused Symposium assembled experts to discuss how studies of genotype-phenotype relationships are illuminating the pathophysiology of craniofacial diseases and developmental biology. Although the breadth of the topic did not allow all areas of dental, oral, and craniofacial research to be addressed (e.g., cancer), the importance and power of integrating genomic, phenomic, and other -omic data are illustrated using a variety of examples. The 8 Fall Focused talks presented different methodological approaches for ascertaining study populations and evaluating population variance and phenotyping approaches. These advances are reviewed in this summary.

scholarly journals Guild-based analysis for understanding gut microbiome in human health and diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Wu ◽  
Naisi Zhao ◽  
Chenhong Zhang ◽  
Yan Y. Lam ◽  
Liping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Specific Health

AbstractTo demonstrate the causative role of gut microbiome in human health and diseases, we first need to identify, via next-generation sequencing, potentially important functional members associated with specific health outcomes and disease phenotypes. However, due to the strain-level genetic complexity of the gut microbiota, microbiome datasets are highly dimensional and highly sparse in nature, making it challenging to identify putative causative agents of a particular disease phenotype. Members of an ecosystem seldomly live independently from each other. Instead, they develop local interactions and form inter-member organizations to influence the ecosystem’s higher-level patterns and functions. In the ecological study of macro-organisms, members are defined as belonging to the same “guild” if they exploit the same class of resources in a similar way or work together as a coherent functional group. Translating the concept of “guild” to the study of gut microbiota, we redefine guild as a group of bacteria that show consistent co-abundant behavior and likely to work together to contribute to the same ecological function. In this opinion article, we discuss how to use guilds as the aggregation unit to reduce dimensionality and sparsity in microbiome-wide association studies for identifying candidate gut bacteria that may causatively contribute to human health and diseases.

scholarly journals Synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit from Ruminococcus gnavus and measurement of its inflammatory properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 14357-14361
Author(s):  
Teron Haynie ◽  
Shawn Gubler ◽  
Christoph Drees ◽  
Tanner Heaton ◽  
Tanner Mitton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome

The roles played by the gut microbiome in human health are increasingly recognized, and the prevalence of specific microorganisms has been correlated with different diseases.

scholarly journals Vitamin C in Human Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Dariusz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency ◽  
Health And Disease

Although the symptoms related to vitamin C deficiency were known in ancient Egypt and eighteenth century Scottish surgeon James Lind found that scurvy (a disease resulting from insufficient dietary ingestion of vitamin C) could be effectively treated with citrus fruit, this vitamin was discovered only in the year 1912 and then after 21 years it was chemically synthetized and introduced to the market as the first vitamin supplement [...]

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