scholarly journals Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Ghobain
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Abstract Objective To investigate the attitudes, beliefs and behavior related to performance enhancing substances (PES) use in elite Saudi football players. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using a systematic random sample of elite Saudi male football players, the standard World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) Social Science Research Package questionnaire was distributed to 408 players. Results The overall prevalence rate of PES use was 3.9%, with the overall prevalence rate of doping susceptibility 17.1%. PES use or doping susceptibility is strongly correlated but negatively associated with morality and cheating measures (p <  0.011, the estimate is − 0.139), threat or deterrence appraisal (p <  0.001, the estimate is − 0.301) and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement (p < 0.001, the estimate is − 0.213) but not with legitimacy perceptions (p = 0.513) and beliefs about the benefits of doping (p = 0.678). The strongest relationship was found between threat or deterrence appraisal (p < 0.001), and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement of PES use (p < 0.001). Conclusion Morality and cheating measures, threat or deterrence appraisal and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement are the main predictors for PES use in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Imogen Bevan ◽  
Mats Stage Baxter ◽  
Helen R. Stagg ◽  
Alice Street
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Testing programs for COVID-19 depend on the voluntary actions of members of the public for their success. Understanding people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to COVID-19 testing is, therefore, key to the design of effective testing programs worldwide. This paper reports on the findings of a rapid scoping review to map the extent, characteristics, and scope of social science research on COVID-19 testing and identifies key themes from the literature. Main findings include the discoveries that people are largely accepting of testing technologies and guidelines and that a sense of social solidarity is a key motivator of testing uptake. The main barriers to accessing and undertaking testing include uncertainty about eligibility and how to access tests, difficulty interpreting symptoms, logistical issues including transport to and from test sites and the discomfort of sample extraction, and concerns about the consequences of a positive result. The review found that existing research was limited in depth and scope. More research employing longitudinal and qualitative methods based in under-resourced settings and examining intersections between testing and experiences of social, political, and economic vulnerability is needed. Last, the findings of this review suggest that testing should be understood as a social process that is inseparable from processes of contact tracing and isolation and is embedded in people’s everyday routines, livelihoods and relationships.

Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of occupational physicians related to burn cases: A cross-sectional survey in Turkey

Burns ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 850-854
Author(s):  
Altuğ Kut ◽  
İbrahim Tokalak ◽  
Özgür Başaran ◽  
Gökhan Moray ◽  
Mehmet Ali Haberal
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Freedom From Chew: Using Social Branding to Reduce Chewing Tobacco Use Among Country Peer Crowd Teens

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana E. Wagner ◽  
Priscilla Fernandez ◽  
Jeffrey W. Jordan ◽  
Daniel J. Saggese
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tobacco Education ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Background. Peer crowds are macro-level, reputation-based subcultures with shared preferences, values, and behavior. The Country peer crowd has been the focus of tobacco industry research and marketing but has yet to be the primary focus of public health research. The current study explores the utility of Down and Dirty, a Social Branding tobacco education campaign, in changing Virginia Country teens’ chewing tobacco-related attitudes and behavior. The relationship between chew use and Country peer crowd identification was also explored. Method. To evaluate the campaign, a cross-sectional survey was administered online for 3 years from 2014 to 2016. Responses were collected via social media advertisements targeting 13- to 18-year-old Country youth from Virginia (total n = 1,264). Participants reported peer crowd identification, chew-related attitudes and behavior, and campaign engagement and appeal. Results. Compared with Wave 1, Waves 2 and 3 Country teens who engaged with Down and Dirty had greater odds of holding strong attitudes against chew. Among campaign-engaged Country teens, odds of chew use were lower at Waves 2 and 3, and lower odds were associated with liking the campaign. Related to chew prevalence, Country teens demonstrated greater odds of past 30-day chew use compared to non-Country teens, and higher Country identification was associated with greater odds of chew use. Discussion. Down and Dirty is a promising intervention associated with positive attitudinal and behavioral outcomes for high-risk Country teens. Additionally, this study helps document tobacco-related behavioral patterns of the Country peer crowd, a priority for ongoing tobacco education, especially around chew.

Drivers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
Alireza Mesdaghinia ◽  
Ali Moradi ◽  
Javad Homayoun Vash
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random Cluster ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The City ◽  
Item Scale

A cross-sectional survey was conducted by random cluster sampling in the city of Tehran. Knowledge of the drivers was assessed with 6 questions about national traffic laws. Attitude was assessed on a 7-item scale of drivers' perceptions. Behavior was observed by a police officer on 13 areas of assessment. Correlations were low among these three scores. Drivers with advanced education had higher scores on behavior. Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of these drivers did not seem associated.

The Evolving Weather Service: Forecaster’s Perceptions of Their Relationships with Core Partners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Fisher Liu ◽  
Anita Atwell Seate
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Tornado Outbreaks ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
Weather Service

AbstractSince the tragic tornado outbreaks in Central Alabama and Joplin, Missouri in 2011, the National Weather Service (NWS) has increasingly emphasized the importance of supporting community partners who help protect public safety. Through impact-based decision support services (IDSS), NWS forecasters develop relationships with their core partners to meet their partners’ decision-making needs. IDSS presents a fundamental shift in NWS forecasting through highlighting the importance of connecting with partners instead of simply providing partners with forecasts. A critical challenge to the effective implementation of IDSS is a lack of social science research evaluating the success of IDSS. This paper addresses this gap through a cross-sectional survey with 119 NWS forecasters and managers in the Central and Southern regions of the U.S. Findings uncover how NWS forecasters and management team members evaluate the importance of IDSS. Findings also provide a new instrument for NWS field offices to assess and improve their relationships with core partners.

scholarly journals Willingness of Black and White Adults to Accept Vaccines in Development: An Exploratory Study Using National Survey Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712097991
Author(s):  
Sandra Crouse Quinn ◽  
Yuki Lama ◽  
Amelia Jamison ◽  
Vicki Freimuth ◽  
Veeraj Shah
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Vaccine Confidence

Purpose: Explore acceptability of vaccines in development: cancer, Type II diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, Lyme disease, Ebola, and obesity. Research questions: To what extent does acceptability vary by vaccine type? To what extent does acceptability of vaccines in development vary by race and other key demographics? To what extent are general vaccine hesitancy and key demographics associated with acceptability of vaccines in development? Design: Cross-sectional online survey administered through GfK’s KnowledgePanel in 2015. Analysis completed in 2020. Subjects: Nationally representative sample of Black and White American adults (n = 1,643). Measures: Willingness to accept a novel vaccine was measured on a 4-point Likert scale. Independent variables included demographics (e.g. age, race, gender) and measures of vaccine hesitancy, trust, and the “Three C’s” of vaccine confidence, complacency, and convenience. Analysis: Exploratory analysis including descriptive statistics and regression modeling. Results: Acceptability varied from 77% for a cancer vaccine to 55% for an obesity vaccine. White race, male gender, older age, having a chronic health condition, and higher socioeconomic status were associated with higher acceptability. Higher vaccine confidence and lower vaccine hesitancy were predictors for acceptability. Conclusion: The success of a vaccine depends on widespread public acceptance. Vaccine hesitancy may hinder acceptance of future vaccines, with significant differences by demographics. Future social science research is necessary to better understand and address vaccine hesitancy.

Archived Attributes: An Internet-Text Approach to Measuring Legislator Attitudes and Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Emily Kalah Gade ◽  
Sarah Dreier ◽  
John Wilkerson ◽  
Anne Washington
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Religious Rhetoric ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Archive ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Time Invariant

Abstract The Internet Archive curated a 90-terabyte sub-collection of captures from the US government's public website domain (‘.gov’). Such archives provide largely untapped resources for measuring attributes, behaviors and outcomes relevant to political science research. This study leverages this archive to measure a novel dimension of federal legislators' religiosity: their proportional use of religious rhetoric on official congressional websites (2006–2012). This scalable, time-variant measure improves upon more costly, time-invariant conventional approaches to measuring legislator attributes. The authors demonstrate the validity of this method for measuring legislators' public-facing religiosity and discuss the contributions and limitations of using archived Internet data for scientific analysis. This research makes three applied methodological contributions: (1) it develops a new measure for legislator religiosity, (2) it models an improved, more comprehensive approach to analyzing congressional communications and (3) it demonstrates the unprecedented potential that archived Internet data offer to researchers seeking to develop meaningful, cost-effective approaches to analyzing political phenomena.

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