Archived Attributes: An Internet-Text Approach to Measuring Legislator Attitudes and Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Emily Kalah Gade ◽  
Sarah Dreier ◽  
John Wilkerson ◽  
Anne Washington
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Religious Rhetoric ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Archive ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Time Invariant

Abstract The Internet Archive curated a 90-terabyte sub-collection of captures from the US government's public website domain (‘.gov’). Such archives provide largely untapped resources for measuring attributes, behaviors and outcomes relevant to political science research. This study leverages this archive to measure a novel dimension of federal legislators' religiosity: their proportional use of religious rhetoric on official congressional websites (2006–2012). This scalable, time-variant measure improves upon more costly, time-invariant conventional approaches to measuring legislator attributes. The authors demonstrate the validity of this method for measuring legislators' public-facing religiosity and discuss the contributions and limitations of using archived Internet data for scientific analysis. This research makes three applied methodological contributions: (1) it develops a new measure for legislator religiosity, (2) it models an improved, more comprehensive approach to analyzing congressional communications and (3) it demonstrates the unprecedented potential that archived Internet data offer to researchers seeking to develop meaningful, cost-effective approaches to analyzing political phenomena.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Imogen Bevan ◽  
Mats Stage Baxter ◽  
Helen R. Stagg ◽  
Alice Street
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Testing programs for COVID-19 depend on the voluntary actions of members of the public for their success. Understanding people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to COVID-19 testing is, therefore, key to the design of effective testing programs worldwide. This paper reports on the findings of a rapid scoping review to map the extent, characteristics, and scope of social science research on COVID-19 testing and identifies key themes from the literature. Main findings include the discoveries that people are largely accepting of testing technologies and guidelines and that a sense of social solidarity is a key motivator of testing uptake. The main barriers to accessing and undertaking testing include uncertainty about eligibility and how to access tests, difficulty interpreting symptoms, logistical issues including transport to and from test sites and the discomfort of sample extraction, and concerns about the consequences of a positive result. The review found that existing research was limited in depth and scope. More research employing longitudinal and qualitative methods based in under-resourced settings and examining intersections between testing and experiences of social, political, and economic vulnerability is needed. Last, the findings of this review suggest that testing should be understood as a social process that is inseparable from processes of contact tracing and isolation and is embedded in people’s everyday routines, livelihoods and relationships.

Ten Years of Messaging about the Affordable Care Act in Advertising and News Media: Lessons for Policy and Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Gollust ◽  
Erika Franklin Fowler ◽  
Jeff Niederdeppe
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
News Media ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Ads ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Abstract Messaging about the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has seemingly produced a variety of outcomes: millions of Americans gained access to health insurance, yet much of the US public remains confused about major components of the law, and there remain stark and persistent political divides in support of the law. Our analysis of the volume and content of ACA-related media (including both ads and news) helps explain these phenomena, with three conclusions. First, the information environment around the ACA has been complex and competitive, with messaging originating from diverse sponsors with multiple objectives. Second, partisan cues in news and political ads are abundant, likely contributing to the crystallized politically polarized opinion about the law. Third, partisan discussions of the ACA in political ads have shifted in volume, direction, and tone over the decade, presenting divergent views regarding which party is accountable for the law's successes (or failures). We offer evidence for each of these conclusions from longitudinal analyses of the volume and content of ACA messaging, also referencing studies that have linked these messages to attitudes and behavior. We conclude with implications for health communication, political science, and the future outlook for health reform.

scholarly journals Nature Connectedness and Nature Exposure Interactively Influence Social Dominance Orientation and Policy Support for Marginalized Groups during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 001391652110311
Author(s):  
Henry Kin Shing Ng ◽  
Angel Nga Man Leung
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
High Security ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nature Connectedness ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Social dominance orientation (SDO) has been reported to predict attitudes and behavior toward the natural environment. This research investigated whether dispositional connectedness with and temporary exposure to nature would reversely alter SDO. Two studies reported consistent results: Nature connectedness predicted lower SDO, and exposure to nature (vs. urban) decreased SDO only among nature-connected people. Moreover, the effect of nature exposure was strongest when the environment registered high security features. Study 2 generalized the findings on SDO to people’s policy support for marginalized groups in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are discussed in the light of the transition from people-to-nature connections to interpersonal connections and the heterogeneity of nature’s effect. We conclude by discussing the importance of nature exposure, of which people have been deprived since the global lockdown, in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

Overview of the research work of Prof. Takashiba and the Department of Pathophysiology – Periodontal Science – research outputs and impact

Impact ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Shogo Takashiba
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
The Us ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

If periodontitis, or gum disease, is left untreated, it can lead to strokes, diabetes, heart disease and the onset of dementia. The alveolar bone is an area of the mouth that is particularly impacted by periodontal disease and periodontists have therefore been searching for a means of regenerating lost alveolar bone with periodontal tissue. Dr Shogo Takashiba, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Okayama University, is working to help patients retain the oral functions they require for nutrition and to develop means of managing infection and inflammation, thereby improving general health. In particular, he and his team are looking at preventing biofilm-related infection, evaluating infection and inflammation, and regenerating periodontal tissue. A key focus for the researchers is on producing cost-effective methods for treating periodontal disease and, as such, they are working to develop anti-biofilm reagents for long-term use considering emerging issue of antimicrobial resistance. Part of this work involves cetylpyridinium chloride hydrate (CPC) and Takashiba and the team have developed a strategy to prevent the development of biofilm by combining phosphorylated pullulan and CPC. They have obtained patents for their oral wash, rinse and ointments in Japan, China, the US, the EU and Canada and are now looking at how to produce these regenerative and anti-biofilm treatments on an industrial scale, which will enable the general public to access the innovative treatments.

scholarly journals Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Ghobain
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Abstract Objective To investigate the attitudes, beliefs and behavior related to performance enhancing substances (PES) use in elite Saudi football players. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using a systematic random sample of elite Saudi male football players, the standard World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) Social Science Research Package questionnaire was distributed to 408 players. Results The overall prevalence rate of PES use was 3.9%, with the overall prevalence rate of doping susceptibility 17.1%. PES use or doping susceptibility is strongly correlated but negatively associated with morality and cheating measures (p <  0.011, the estimate is − 0.139), threat or deterrence appraisal (p <  0.001, the estimate is − 0.301) and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement (p < 0.001, the estimate is − 0.213) but not with legitimacy perceptions (p = 0.513) and beliefs about the benefits of doping (p = 0.678). The strongest relationship was found between threat or deterrence appraisal (p < 0.001), and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement of PES use (p < 0.001). Conclusion Morality and cheating measures, threat or deterrence appraisal and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement are the main predictors for PES use in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals The psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic drives anti-systemic attitudes and political violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrikas Bartusevicius ◽  
Alexander Bor ◽  
Frederik Juhl Jørgensen ◽  
Michael Bang Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Western Democracies

Western democracies, most notably the United States, have recently experienced a wave of protests, some characterized by lethal violence. While police brutality served as a catalyst, the eruption of protests coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic---the most severe global crisis of the 21st century. The pandemic has caused, inter alia, social stress, marginalization, and loss of economic status, which constitute psychological elicitors of aggression. Given this, we examined whether the psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic promotes anti-systemic attitudes and behavior. Analyses of two-wave panel data collected in April--July 2020 in the US, Denmark, Italy, and Hungary (N = 10,699), indicated that COVID-19 burden increased sentiments to ``watch the world burn'' and intentions to engage in political violence but not in peaceful protests. In the US, COVID-19 burden furthermore predicted engagement in the most violent actions during the George Floyd protests and counter-protests, including physical confrontation with the police. These results suggest that a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic during the fall of 2020 may increase the risk of political violence in Western democracies, especially in contexts of potential political instability, such as the US presidential election.

scholarly journals The Psychological Dynamics of Youth with Internet Addiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Virgin Suciyanti Maghfiroh ◽  
Faqihul Muqoddam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Need For Affiliation ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Online Business ◽  
Psychological Dynamics ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInternet users are increasing over time. The increasing of internet users, especially for youth people, tends to create internet addiction in each user. Internet addiction in youth people is interesting to know their attitudes and behavior psychologically, because it is related to their daily conditions. This research was conducted to answer the psychological dynamics of youth people with internet addiction. To answer that, there are some research questions such as what factors make young people addicted to the internet? what do they feel when not using the internet? and what are the impacts of using the internet for them? The research method uses qualitative methods with narrative descriptive approaches. Data analysis using thematic data analysis. The results showed that 1) the need for affiliation, high curiosity about information, and online business became the reason youth people access the internet, 2) youth people feel anxious and loneliness when not accessing the internet, 3) the impact of accessing the internet such as sad and happy on their emotions that occur according to situations and conditions. In addition, researchers also found interesting things from their attitude who experienced boredom when often using the internet but failed for them to stop or reduce access to the internet. The conclusion that the internet now is a necessary for youth people, because the internet has a major impact on their psychological factors. AbstrakPengguna internet semakin bertambah dari waktu ke waktu. Jumlah penggunanaan internet yang semakin meningkat khususnya pada anak muda cenderung dapat menciptakan kecanduan internet pada diri masing-masing pengguna. Kecanduan internet pada anak muda menarik untuk diketahui sikap dan perilakunya secara psikologis, karena hal itu berkaitan dengan kondisi keseharian mereka. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab dinamika psikologis anak muda yang kecanduan internet. Untuk menjawab hal itu, terdapat beberapa pertanyaan penelitian seperti faktor apa yang membuat anak muda kecanduan internet? apa yang mereka rasakan ketika tidak menggunakan internet? serta apa dampak dari penggunaan internet bagi mereka? Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan naratif deskripif. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) kebutuhan untuk afliasi, keingintahuan yang tinggi terhadap informasi, dan bisnis online menjadi alasan anak muda mengakses internet, 2) anak muda merasa cemas dan kesepian ketika tidak mengakses internet, 3) dampak dari mengakses internet berupa perasaan sedih dan senang pada emosi mereka yang terjadi sesuai situasi dan kondisi. Selain itu, peneliti juga menemukan hal yang menarik dari sikap mereka yang mengalami kebosanan ketika sering bermain internet namun gagal bagi mereka untuk berhenti maupun mengurangi dalam mengakses internet. Kesimpulan bahwa internet saat ini sudah menjadi kebutuhan anak muda, karena internet berdampak besar pada faktor psikologis mereka.

scholarly journals ИНФОРМАЦИОНИ И ПСИХОЛОШКИ АСПЕКТИ БЕЗБЕДНОСНИХ ПРЕТЊИ У САВРЕМЕНОМ ОКРУЖЕЊУ

TEME ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Milan Miljkovic ◽  
Anita Pesic
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Military Systems ◽  
Pr China ◽  
Psychological Activity ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

The paper presents the contemporary concepts of information and psychological operation in the contemporary environment. The concepts were presented through general theoretical considerations by presenting leading theorists from the US, Russian Federation and the PR China. The concepts explain the goals, content and methods of acting on potential groups and individuals, and the means of information and psychological operation. The goal of the paper is to show that the research problem is not important exclusively for political and military systems, but that groups and individuals are particularly exposed to the challenges and threats in the contemporary environment. Various means of information and psychological activity in the contemporary environment (rumors, fake news) and their consequences such as changing attitudes and behavior of people in political and social processes are presented. An empirical account showing the importance of this topic is an analysis of the European institutions’ activities in counteracting fake news during important political processes and elections for the European Parliament.

Faculty Attitudes toward Web-Based Instruction May Not Be Enough: Limited Use and Obstacles to Implementation

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Vodanovich ◽  
Chris Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Faculty Attitudes ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Present Material ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Data from 87 out of 250 faculty (34% response rate) responded to a two-page survey on Internet usage, attitudes, and perceived benefits and shortcomings. Overall, 73.6% of the faculty indicated a positive view of using the Internet for instructional purposes and 69.4% believed that the Internet is an effective teaching tool. However, only about one-half (47%) of our sample currently use online didactic approaches to present material in their courses. Also, 58.1% of faculty respondents indicated that they had either “no” or “very little” formal training in the use of the Internet as an instructional method. The distinction between attitudes and behavior is discussed and strategies for the enhancement of formal training of faculty are presented.

scholarly journals Etika Kristen Dan Teknologi Informasi: Sebuah Tinjauan Menurut Perspektif Alkitab

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
David Alinurdin
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Christian Ethics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Internet Ethics ◽  
The World ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Value Relations

Indonesia adalah negara dengan pengguna internet yang tidak bisa dianggap remeh. Menurut sebuah survei, pada tahun 2018 Indonesia menduduki peringkat keempat di dunia dalam lamanya penggunaan waktu untuk berinternet dalam sehari, yaitu 8 jam 51 menit. Maraknya penggunaan internet di Indonesia ini masih belum dibarengi dengan kualitas yang baik dalam memanfaatkan teknologi informasi ini. Pemanfaatan internet di Indonesia yang mayoritas digunakan untuk media sosial dan gaya hidup ini juga dibayangi-bayangi dengan tingkat kejahatan dan penyalahgunaan yang mengkhawatirkan. Dengan latar belakang kondisi tersebut, tulisan ini akan menyoroti aspek-aspek nilai yang memengaruhi pola pikir, sikap dan perilaku pengguna internet dari sudut pandang etika Kristen, yaitu dalam hal kesejatian relasi, pengolahan informasi, otoritas kebenaran, serta identitas dan integritas pengguna. Kata-kata kunci: Teknologi Informasi, Internet, Etika, Konsep Nilai, Relasi, Kebenaran, Identitas, Integritas   The number of regular internet users in the country of Indonesia should not be underestimated. At the year of 2018 it was noted that Indonesia was ranked fourth in the world in the length of time spent on the internet in a day; a total of 8 hours 51 minutes. The rise of internet use in Indonesia is not undergirded by a good quality connection in utilizing this form of information technology. The use of the Internet in Indonesia, the majority of which is used for social media and lifestyle, is also overshadowed by alarming crime and abuse rates. Keeping these observations in mind, this paper will highlight the values that influence the mindset, attitudes and behavior of internet users from the standpoint of Christian ethics, namely in terms of authenticity of relations, information processing, truth authority, and user identity and integrity. Keywords: Information Technology, Internet, Ethics, Concepts of Value, Relations, Truth, Identity, Integrity

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