scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of uncommon prostate diseases: combining mpMRI and clinical information

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Han ◽  
Lina Zhu ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Shuai Ma ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Prostate Diseases

AbstractThe differential diagnosis of abnormalities in the prostate is broad, covering common (acinar adenocarcinoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, hemorrhage, cysts, calcifications, atrophy and fibrosis) and less common conditions (tumors other than acinar adenocarcinoma, granulomatous prostatitis containing tuberculosis, abscesses and other conditions, and idiopathic disorders such as amyloidosis and exophytic benign prostatic hyperplasia). Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate gland and imaging guidelines, such as the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1), have dramatically improved the ability to distinguish common abnormalities, especially the ability to detect clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Overlap can exist in the clinical history and imaging features associated with various common/uncommon prostate abnormalities, and biopsy is often required but is invasive. Prostate abnormalities can be divided into two categories: category 1, diseases for which PI-RADS scores are suitable for use, and category 2, diseases for which PI-RADS scores are unsuitable for use. Radiologists must have an intimate knowledge of other diseases, especially uncommon conditions. Past relevant history, symptoms, age, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, MRI manifestations, and the applicability of the PI-RADS assessment should be considered when diagnosing prostate abnormalities.

scholarly journals SELF-ESTEEM IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 499-507
Author(s):  
Betty Sarabia Alcocer ◽  
◽  
Baldemar Ake Canche ◽  
Lidia Maria Maas Ortegon ◽  
Roman Alberto Perez Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Relationship

The benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a (noncancerous) malignant growth in the size of the prostate. This enlargement of the prostate gland is produced by a relative increase in estrogen (female hormones) on testosterone (male hormone), which appears in men with age. Objective:To determine the relationship of PSA, with the size of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia admitted to General Hospital of Escarcega, Campeche Dr. Janel Aguilar during the period from August 2019 to January 2020. Method:patients were studied with the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia 50 years of age and older and excluded those who had other diseases that may alter prostate specific antigen, subsequently classified by age determined through PSA ultrasound prostate-specific and the average size of the prostate in grams and the average PSA for each age range and the relationship between them, while describes how it affects their self-esteem was determined. Results:Of the patients studied, 22 belong to the range of 50 to 59 years old (51.16%), 14 to range from 60 to 69 years old (32.55%) and 7 to range from 70 to 79 years old ( 16.27%). 44.1% of patients presented a prostate of 50 grams, the 51.16% prostates 60 grams and 4.6% a prostate gland of 70 grams. The average size of the prostate in grams was 50 grams in the range 50 to 59 years old, 60 g in the range 60 to 69 years old and 60 grams in the range of 70 to 79 years, and the average value of PSA was 5.5 ng / ml, 6 ng / ml and 7.5 ng / ml respectively. In the range 50 to 59 years of age every gram prostate equivalent to 0.11 ng / ml of PSA in the range 60 to 69 years of age every gram prostate equivalent to 0.1 ng / ml of PSA and the range 70 to 79 years old every gram of prostate equivalent to 0.125 ng / ml of PSA. Similarly we find that the entire population 72% have low self-esteem and problems with its image. Conclusions:In our environment in the group of 50-59 years old is the highest number of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Study of prostatic pathology and its correlation with prostate specific antigen level

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hirachand ◽  
UMS Dangol ◽  
S Pradhanang ◽  
S Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Level ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Antigen Level ◽  
Histological Lesion ◽  
Serum Prostate Specific Antigen

Background: Diseases primarily inflicting prostate gland are inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer. Prostate specific antigen is a protein produced by the cells of prostate gland. It has been widely used in the diagnosis and management of patients with prostatic cancer. The aim this study was to determine the correlation between serum prostate specific antigen level and histological findings in biopsy specimens of men with prostatic disease.Materials and methods: This study was carried out at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, department of Pathology over a period of 2 years. One hundred and twenty eight cases with prostatic lesions were included in this study. Prostate specific antigen values of these cases were recorded before the surgical process. Histology of the tissue samples collected after transurethral resection of prostate was studied and relationship with prostate specific antigen level were analyzed.Results: Benign prostatic hyperplasia was the most common histological lesion encountered (n=95; 74.22%). Prostatic adenocarcinomas were seen a decade older than those with benign lesions. Maximum number of the benign cases had the Prostate specific antigen range of 0-7ng/ml. Most of the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions were seen within the PSA range of 0-7ng/ml and adenocarcinoma in the range of >20ng/ml.Conclusion: Prostate specific antigen is specific for the prostate but not for prostate cancer. Both benign and malignant lesions in prostate can cause increase in serum prostate specific antigen levels, but the chances of malignancy it rising level. 

scholarly journals Correlation Between Serum Prostatic Specific Antigen and Prostatic Volume in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Shiv Vansh Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Prostatic Volume ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Prostatic Gland

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive condition characterized by prostate enlargement accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Benign prostatic hyperplasia arises in the periurethral and transition zones of the prostatic gland and represents an inevitable phenomenon for the ageing male population. An estimated 75% of men>50 years of age have symptoms arising from benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 20–30% of men reaching 80 years of age require surgical intervention for the management of BPH. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease produced by the prostate epithelium and periurethral glands in male. Serum PSA elevation occurs as a result of disruption of normal prostatic architecture that allows PSA to diffuse into prostatic tissue and gain access to the circulation. Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic carcinoma and prostatitis are three common diseases where PSA in the serum is raised. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the PSA level and To find out the relationship between serum PSA level and the volume of prostate in Benign hyperplasia of prostate. Material and Methods: This is a Hospital based prospective study which was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, th th Kohalpur, for a duration of 1 year from 13th July 2015 to 12th July 2016. A total of 30 cases were studied. Patients were chosen for the study on the basis of clinical history and DRE. Patient with LUTS symptoms and enlarged Prostate on DRE were further subjected to PSA screening through blood examination and Transabdominal ultrasound for measuring prostatic volume. Patients were explained about procedure and following consent, patients were subjected for TURP under spinal anesthesia/general anesthesia. Specimen was sent to the Department of Pathology, Nepalgunj Medical College for Histopathological evaluation. Results: Out of 30 patients, one patient was of 44 years of age, rest of them were above 50 years of age and the mean age was 63.9±8.64 years. All the patients had voiding problems, of which 28 patients (94%) had obstructive symptoms and 27 patients (90%) had irritative symptoms. Most patients had history of nocturia which was present in 24 patients (83%). Mean PSA level was 6.36 ng/ml with a range of 3.2-12 ng/ml. Mean prostate volume measured by TAUS was 60.30 ml. and that by DRE was 38.33 ml. There was statistically significant positive correlation between PSA level and prostate volume measured by TAUS with Pearson's correlation coefficient (r=0.679). Conclusion: The analysis of present study consisting of 30 patients showed that mean PSA and prostate volume increased with advancing age, and the correlation between PSA and prostate volume estimated by TAUS in BPH as found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05). DRE underestimated the volume of prostate with a mean difference 21.97 ml. The correlation of age of the patient with PSA and prostate volume are (r=0.128) and (r=0.036) respectively. The above value shows that both are statistically weekly positive but the association between age of patient and PSA seems to be higher in comparison to age of the patient and prostate volume.

scholarly journals An introduction to genetic and epigenetic changes in prostate gland – implications in efficacy of phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek ◽  
Radosław Kujawski ◽  
Anna Bogacz ◽  
Marcin Ożarowski
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Prostate Diseases ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

The usage of classical pharmacological treatment of prostate diseases causes the risk of a number of side effects therefore the researchers are looking for new pharmacologically active molecules, including those contained in the plant extracts. The most widely studied is the lipido-sterolic extract from Serenoa repens (saw palmetto), water extract from Camellia sinensis (green tea) and several cruciferous vegetables. The molecular mechanisms underlying of the development and the progression of prostate disorders, especially benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), remain still poorly understood. The development of pathologically changed prostate cells proliferation involves many factors, including genetic alterations, such as mutations, and epigenetic changes, appear to contribute to the transformation and progression of prostate cancer. In this paper we suggest that the knowledge of epigenetic modifications presented in this paper introduces the new point of view concerning the possibility of action of plant substances used in prevention and symptomatic treatment of BPH and prostate cancer. Thus, identification of the epigenetic modifications involved on the one hand in the development and progression of BPH / PC, on the other influencing the efficacy and safety of potential phytotherapeutics will be helpful in identifying its novel therapeutic strategy.

Clinical Evaluation of Homoeopathic Medicines in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 082-087
Author(s):  
Neeraj Gupta ◽  
Rahul Singh ◽  
R.K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
American Urological Association ◽  
Interrupted Flow

Background Symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in elderly men and has a significant impact on their daily lives. Surgical procedures are currently used for the conventional treatment for BPH; but they have been associated with clinically significant adverse effects in patients. Objectives The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the role of homoeopathic medicines for the treatment of BPH. Materials and Methods Clinically diagnosed 30 subjects of BPH were given homoeopathy treatment and followed up for a period of 1 year. Homoeopathic medicines were prescribed to the subjects according to the principles of homoeopathy. Effects of homoeopathic medicines were analysed periodically by American Urological Association score (AUA score) and ultrasonography. Results Marked amelioration of symptoms and reduction in size of prostate gland in BPH subjects were observed after homoeopathic treatment when analysed by AUA score and ultrasonography. There was marked reduction in various symptoms of BPH like nocturia, straining, incomplete sensation after urination, interrupted flow of urination with dribbling of urine and urgency significantly from 21.60 ± 4.64 units to 12.23 ± 3.68, that is, ∼57% reduction in symptoms of obstruction of bladder problem. The reduction was statistically significant (p = 0.001). However, transabdominal pelvic ultrasonic scan did not show statistically significant results. Conclusion Homoeopathic medicines can prove to be an alternative treatment of BPH.

scholarly journals Association of Serum PSA Levels with Histopathological Pattern of Prostate Lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afra Samad ◽  
Nudrat Fayyaz ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqa ◽  
Naseem Akhter ◽  
Rabia Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
P Value

Background: Pathological changes that mainly affect prostate gland are prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancerous lesions. Digital rectal examination (DRE), Transrectal Ultrasonography (TUS), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) followed by histopathological examination, are routinely used tests for diagnosis of prostate lesions. The aim of the present study is to determine the role of serum PSA levels in differentially diagnosing the different types of prostate lesions.Material and Methods: This retrospective (observational) study was conducted in Ibn-e-Sina Hospital Multan. Data of 2189 patients who were operated from 2007 to 2017 due to prostatic lesions were included in this analysis. Patients with BPH, prostatitis, prostate carcinoma and Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) were grouped according to serum PSA levels (ranging from 0 to >100 ng/ml) into five groups. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for different histopathological findings. Association of PSA levels with different histological patterns was determined with chi-square test with P-value < 0.05 taken as significant difference.Results: Mean age of patients was 62.45+10.64 years. On histopathology, BPH was diagnosed in 1676 (76.56%) patients, prostatitis in 133 (6.07%), carcinoma in 378 (17.26%) and PIN in 02 (0.09%) patients, respectively. Serum PSA levels of 4.01-10 ng/ml were found in 1050 (62.64%) BPH patients and in 59 (44.36%) prostatitis patients. Serum PSA levels of 10.01-20 ng/ml were found in only 40 (2.4%) BPH patients, 47 (35.33%) prostatitis patients, 22 (5.82%) carcinoma patients and in 1 (50.0%) PIN patient. Serum PSA levels of 20.01-100 ng/ml were found in 32 (1.9%) BPH patients, 11 (8.27%) prostatitis patients, 302 (79.89%) carcinoma patients, and in 1 (50.0%) PIN patient. Serum PSA levels of >100 ng/ml were absent in patients with BPH and PIN, and present in 1 (0.75%) prostatitis and 54 (14.28%) carcinoma patients.Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia was the commonest lesion in our patients (76.56%) with serum PSA levels >10 ng/ml reported in all patients with prostate carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) patients.

scholarly journals PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF TRUCUT BIOPSY VS FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY OF PROSTATE IN PATIENT WITH PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN > 4NG/ML.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarav. S. Bamania ◽  
Rajan B Somani ◽  
Soham V. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Trucut Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Diseases

It is often difficult for the examining finger in the rectum to decide whether the enlargement is due to benign or malignant or inflammatory conditions of the prostate such as chronic inflammation, both specific and nonspecific prostatic abscess, calculi, benign hyperplasia and carcinoma of prostate. Prostatic obstruction must be diagnosed as early as possible so that definite treatment can be instituted prevent the sequele of the obstruction. Determination of histological nature of lesion is the only positive method of establishing a definitive diagnosis. A suitable and simple technique of obtaining biopsy material and aspirational material from prostate for definitive diagnosis is essential. Aim of this study was Comparision between Trucut biopsy and FNAC in lesions of prostate gland. A prospective comparative study of Trucut biopsy vs FNAC of prostate in patient with prostate specific antigen > 4 ng/ml, was conducted among 50 patient. Patients were chosen for the study on the basis of clinical history and DRE. Patient with LUTS symptoms and enlarged Prostate on DRE were further subjected to PSA screening through blood examination at pathology lab and ultrasound for measuring prostatic volume at Radiology Department. Following consent, patients are subjected for FNAC and Trucut biopsy under local anaesthesia. Out of 50 patients, by Trucut biopsy diagnosed case of BPH are 30,Ca.Prostate are 5 and chronic prostitis are 5, while by FNAC diagnosed case of BPH are 15 , Ca.prostate are 3 and chronic prostitis are 2. In developing countries like India FNAC is more preferable due to its simplicity ,very low cost and least invasiveness and very less or no complication. Overall present studies suggest that Trucut biopsy   is superior to FNAC in diagnosis and management of prostate diseases. Keywords: FNAC,  Trucut biopsy,  Lesions of prostate gland.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Weronika Ratajczak ◽  
Michał Lubkowski ◽  
Anna Lubkowska
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Prostate Diseases ◽  
Shock Proteins

Two out of three diseases of the prostate gland affect aging men worldwide. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement affecting millions of men. Prostate cancer (PCa) in turn is the second leading cause of cancer death. The factors influencing the occurrence of BPH and PCa are different; however, in the course of these two diseases, the overexpression of heat shock proteins is observed. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), chaperone proteins, are known to be one of the main proteins playing a role in maintaining cell homeostasis. HSPs take part in the process of the proper folding of newly formed proteins, and participate in the renaturation of damaged proteins. In addition, they are involved in the transport of specific proteins to the appropriate cell organelles and directing damaged proteins to proteasomes or lysosomes. Their function is to protect the proteins against degradation factors that are produced during cellular stress. HSPs are also involved in modulating the immune response and the process of apoptosis. One well-known factor affecting HSPs is the androgen receptor (AR)—a main player involved in the development of BPH and the progression of prostate cancer. HSPs play a cytoprotective role and determine the survival of cancer cells. These chaperones are often upregulated in malignancies and play an indispensable role in tumor progression. Therefore, HSPs are considered as one of the therapeutic targets in anti-cancer therapies. In this review article, we discuss the role of different HSPs in prostate diseases, and their potential as therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Association between Insulin Resistance and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Susmita Sarkar ◽  
Atanu Saha ◽  
Indranil Dawn
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Prostate Diseases ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Control Study

Introduction:Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign disease in older men characterized by stromal and epithelial cell hyperplasia. Insulin is an independent risk factor and a promoter of BPH. Insulin resistance may change the risk of BPH through several biological pathways.Aim and objective: Aim of our studyis to estimate the insulin resistance and prostatic specific antigen level in the patients suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia and compare them with the control.Materials and Methods : Hospital based cross sectional case control study.40 BPH-patients (aged above 50 years), clinically diagnosed and supported by serum PSA and USG findings were selected as case.Results:Insulin resistance was found to be elevated in the patients suffering from BPH. HOMA-IR score of cases was compared with the controls and found to be significantly elevated.A significant increase in fasting glucose level and PSA level were found in cases compared to controls. Conclusion: The insulin resistance was found to be significantly higher in patients.Further study regarding the relationships between metabolic syndrome and benign prostate diseases, including its underlying mechanisms is necessary.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 240-245

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization for large benign prostatic hyperplasia in elderly patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052098628
Author(s):  
Chen Xu ◽  
Gang Zhang ◽  
Jin-jin Wang ◽  
Chun-xian Zhou ◽  
Min-jun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Antigen Level ◽  
Residual Urine Volume ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Total Prostate Specific Antigen

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) for elderly patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to large benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods Twenty-eight patients (>80 years of age) with prostate volume >80 mL were enrolled from October 2016 to October 2019. PAE was performed using microspheres and functional results were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The following data were recorded: International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume, prostate volume and total prostate-specific antigen level. Results Selective prostatic arterial catheterization and embolization were achieved in 27 of 28 patients. Follow-up data were available for those 27 patients until 12 months postoperatively. Significant improvements were found at all postoperative time points in terms of the mean IPSS, mean QoL score, mean Qmax, mean post-void residual urine volume, mean total prostate-specific antigen level, and mean prostate volume. The overall complication rate was 46.4%. Conclusions PAE is an efficacious and safe treatment for elderly patients with large prostate volume; it may offer an effective approach for patients who are not candidates for open or endoscopic surgical procedures because of comorbidities.

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