Chemical composition of ethanol extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. using GC-MS spectroscopy

Phytochemicals possessing the antioxidant properties naturally present in food attract a greater interest to healthcare researchers due to their desirable health effects on human health as they can be explored for protection against oxidative deterioration. Macrtotyloma uniflorum is a leguminous plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and commonly known as Horse gram. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects using the scientific protocol on experimental rats. Extraction was carried out using the cold maceration method, and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a digital plethysmometer in the experimental rats injected with carrageenan to produce paw edema. Preliminary phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds in both extracts while flavonoids were found only in ethanol extract. Both extracts of M. uniflorum seeds (200 mg/ml) significantly (p<0.01) reduced the paw edema volume induced by carrageenan. The ethanol extract of M. uniflorum seeds exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory activity than water extract, that might be due to the presence of flavonoids in ethanol extract. The activity of the extracts was compared with diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg b.wt.) as a reference drug. From the results, it may be suggested that the antioxidative potential of phenolic constituents and flavonoids is the primary factors for the anti-inflammatory activity of M. uniflorum seeds extracts.

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ADSORPTION LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ETHANOL ELUATE OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF GREEN WALNUTS+LEAVES (LUGLANS REGIA L., NUT FAMILY - LUGLANDACEAC) (Message VI)

Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology ◽

10.12737/2409-3750-2021-7-2-17-22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

V. Platonov ◽

Aleksandr Hadarcev ◽

G. Suhih ◽

M. Volochaeva ◽

I. Dunaeva

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Carboxylic Acids ◽

Phthalic Acid ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

X Ray ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Column Adsorption ◽

Structural Formulas

The aim of the study was to perform column adsorption liquid chromatography in order to obtain ethanol eluate, after preliminary sequential elution of ethanol extract with solvents in the order of their polarity: n–hexane, toluene, chloroform, acetone; to study in detail the chemical composition of this eluate by chromatography-mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, with the intensification of compounds determining the composition of eluate, obtaining their masses -spectra, structural formulas, determination of the nature of trace elements. Materials and methods of research. A detailed study of the chemical composition of acetone eluate of ethanol extract of walnuts+ leaves was carried out using column adsorption liquid chromatography, chromato-mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results and their discussion. The features of the chemical composition of ethanol eluate of the product of column adsorption liquid chromatography of ethanol extract were studied, the qualitative composition and quantitative content of compounds identified in the first one were established by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mass spectra and structural formulas were obtained for 31 individual eluate compounds. Ethanol eluate is characterized by the following indicators of structural and group composition (mass. % of eluate): esters of phthalic acid - 52.14, silicon and sulfur-containing compounds, respectively - 20.19 and 6.43, hydrocarbons - 15.38, glycosides - 2.21, alcohols - 1.92, carboxylic acids - 1.07, sterols - 0.89. It is assumed that the pharmacological effect of ethanol eluate is mainly determined by a set of free carboxylic acids, as well as phthalic acid, formed as a result of biochemical and hydrological transesterification of its esters containing compounds, alcohols, glycosides and sterols. Organosilicon compounds during hydrolysis give silica in the size of nanoparticles, which play the role of carriers of the above compounds to various organs of a living organism, as well as drainage of blood vessels from the products of cell metabolism, for example, cholesterol, various fats, etc. A comparative characteristic of the chemical composition of all ethanol extract eluates was carried out, the effectiveness of column adsorption liquid chromatography was shown.

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Isolation and Identification of the Anti-Oxidant Constituents from Loropetalum chinense (R. Brown) Oliv. Based on UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS/MS

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071720 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1720 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Haifang Chen ◽

Mulan Li ◽

Chen Zhang ◽

Wendi Du ◽

Haihua Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Ethyl Gallate ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽

Tof Ms

The aim of this study was to identify the chemical constituents of Loropetalum chinense (R. Brown) Oliv. (LCO) and determine which of these had antioxidant effects. The chemical composition of a 70% ethanol extract of LCO was analyzed systematically using UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS/MS. The chemical components of the 70% ethanol extract of LCO were then separated and purified using macroporous resin and chromatographic techniques. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using a DPPH assay. In total, 100 compounds were identified tentatively, including 42 gallic acid tannins, 49 flavones, and 9 phenolic compounds. Of these, 7 gallium gallate, 4 flavonoid and 8 quinic acid compounds were separated and purified from the 70% ethanol extract of LCO. The compounds identified for the first time in LCO and in the genus Loropetalum were 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, protocatechuic acid, ethyl gallate, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-diocaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-diocaffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-O-diocaffeoylquinic acid. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of compounds 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and ethyl gallate were 1.88, 1.05, 1.18, and 1.05 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with the control group (VC) (2.08 μg/mL), these compounds exhibited stronger anti-oxidation activity. This study offered considerable insight into the chemical composition of LCO, with preliminary identification of the antioxidant ingredients.

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Assessment of the anti-virulence potential of extracts from four plants used in traditional Chinese medicine against multidrug-resistant pathogens

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-020-03114-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhonghui Pu ◽

Huaqiao Tang ◽

Nana Long ◽

Min Qiu ◽

Mingxiang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Quorum Quenching ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Virulence Potential ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Multidrug Resistant Pathogens

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant pathogens are resistant to many antibiotics and associated with serious infections. Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, Sanguisorba officinalis, Terminalia chebula Retz and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, are all used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) against multidrug-resistant pathogens, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-virulence activity of extracts derived from them. Methods The antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts from these four plants was examined against several multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, and their anti-virulence potential (including quorum quenching activity, biofilm inhibition, and blocking production of virulence factor δ-toxin) was assessed against different S. aureus strains. The chemical composition of the most effective extract was determined by LC-FTMS. Results Only extracts from S. officinalis and A. tsaoko were shown to exhibit limited growth inhibition activity at a dose of 256 μg·mL-1. The S. officinalis ethanol extract, the ethanol and aqueous extract of A. tsaoko, and the aqueous extract of S. miltiorrhiza all demonstrated quorum quenching activity, but didn’t significantly inhibit bacterial growth. The ethanol extract of S. officinalis inhibited bacterial toxin production and biofilm formation at low concentrations. Chemical composition analysis of the most effective extract of S. officinalis showed that it mainly contained saponins. Conclusions The most active extract tested in this study was the ethanol root extract of S. officinalis. It inhibited δ-toxin production and biofilm formation at low concentrations and saponins may be its key active components. While the four plants showed no direct antibacterial effects, their anti-virulence properties may be key to fighting bacterial infections.

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Comparative study of the ethanol extracts of six Acinos Miller species: chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48111782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 53-65

Author(s):

Tatjana D. GOLUBOVIĆ ◽

Gordana S. STOJANOVIĆ ◽

Dušanka V. KITIĆ ◽

Bojan K. ZLATKOVIĆ ◽

Dragana R. PAVLOVIĆ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Fungal Organisms ◽

Ethanol Extracts

The ethanol extracts of selected Acinos Miller species were investigated in terms of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracts were performed using GC and GC-MS. Eighty-six constituents, accounting for 93.70-99.99% of the total composition of the extracts, were identified. The ethanol extracts of A. majoranifolius, A. suaveolens and A. alpinus were characterized by domination of monoterpenes, representing 85.03%, 57.39% and 28.02% of the total extracts, respectively. Fatty acids and their esters in the A. arvensis and A. graveolens extracts reached 28.97% and 30.75%. Also, n-alkanes were the major compounds found in A. hungaricus ethanol extract (30.98%). The extracts were characterized by determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. Besides, the antioxidant activity of the investigated extracts was estimated by two assays: DPPH and FRAP test. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the extract of A. alpinus which had high levels of all examined polyphenol classes. A disk diffusion method was employed for the determination of the antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extracts. Gram-positive: Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium pyogenes, Enterococcus sp., Micrococcus flavus; Gram-negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerugionsa, Salmonella enteritidis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and fungal organisms: Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as test microorganisms. The results of preliminary bioassay demonstrated that the A. alpinus ethanol extract could be a possible source of compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

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Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the ethanol extract of ripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. (Solanaceae)

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2020.113125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 262 ◽

pp. 113125

Author(s):

Melissa Grazielle Morais ◽

Aline Aparecida Saldanha ◽

João Paulo Costa Rodrigues ◽

Iara Cotta Mendes ◽

Letícia Marcelle Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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COTTONWEED MARSH (MARSH). CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT

Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology ◽

10.12737/2409-3750-2020-5-4-29-32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

V. Platonov ◽

V. Dunaev ◽

G. Suhih ◽

M. Shatskiy ◽

M. Volochaeva

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Structural Group ◽

Quantitative Content ◽

Wide Range ◽

Structural Formulas ◽

First Time ◽

Sulfur Containing

For the first time, a detailed study of the chemical composition of ethanol extract of dried marsh (swamp), a product obtained after preliminary exhaustive last ex-traction with n-hexane, toluene, chloroform and acetone was performed. Chromatography-mass spectrometry made it possible to identify 119 individual compounds in this extract with the determination of their quantitative content, mass spectra and structural formulas, and the calculation of the structural-group composition was performed. A characteristic feature of the extract is the presence of significant amounts of nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds (20.04), esters (21.47), sterols (18.54), carboxylic acids (8.15) and hydrocarbons (7.15) (wt. % of the extract). In addition, the extract contains phenols, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols and glycosides: 5.01; 4.34; 4.88; 3.16 and 3.12 (wt. % of the extract), respectively. Dominance in the extract of nitrogen-sulfur-containing and compounds; environment of sterols-betulin and its derivatives, esters, as well as the presence of different structure of phenols, glycosides, aldehydes and alcohols makes it possible to assume a wide range of pharmacological activity of drugs based on ethanol extract of dried marsh (marsh).

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Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and the ethanol extract of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr and Perry buds

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.013 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 3632-3639 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Dung ◽

Jung Min Kim ◽

Sun Chul Kang

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Cleistocalyx Operculatus

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Two Sri Lankan Lichens, Parmotrema rampoddense, and Parmotrema tinctorum against Methicillin-Sensitive and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/9985325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Polwatta Samaraweera Arachchige Ishara Shiromi ◽

Ruwani Punyakanthi Hewawasam ◽

Rankoth Gedara Udeni Jayalal ◽

Hasanga Rathnayake ◽

Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Dilip Gaya Bandara Wijayaratne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Parmotrema Tinctorum

Introduction. Medicinal utility of lichens is ascribed to the presence of various secondary metabolites of low molecular weight and they have been used in traditional medicine including Ayurveda in the treatment of wounds and skin disorders. Despite the urgent need to effectively address the antibiotic resistance worldwide, the discovery of new antibacterial drugs has declined in the recent past. This emphasizes the increasing importance of investigating and developing new classes of antibiotics that can withstand antibiotic resistance. Aims of the study. The present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of hexane, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of Parmotrema rampoddense and Parmotrema tinctorum, two lichens collected from Belihuloya, Sri Lanka, against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including twenty clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Materials and methods. Phytochemical analysis, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed to determine the chemical composition of the two lichens. Hexane, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of both lichens were tested against clinical isolate of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including twenty clinical isolates of MRSA. Bacterial susceptibility was tested using a disc diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by a broth microdilution method. Vancomycin was used as the positive control. Results. Alectorialic acid, atranorin, atraric acid, orcinol, and O-orsellinaldehyde were among the secondary metabolites identified by the TLC and GC-MS analysis. None of the lichen extracts were active against Gram-negative bacteria but both lichens showed a concentration-dependent activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. Ethanol extract of P. rampoddense showed the highest activity against MSSA with the MIC, 0.0192 mg/ml, but all MRSA isolates investigated showed MIC between 0.096 and 2.4 mg/ml for the same extract. Conclusion. Both lichens, P. rampoddense and P. tinctorum, represent potentially important sources of future antimicrobial drugs. Further investigation on the ethanol extract of P. rampoddense will enable us to determine the most active phytoconstituents responsible for the activity, their mechanism of action against bacterial pathogens, and also their cytotoxicity against normal cells.

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