The public washroom - friend or foe? An observational study of washroom cleanliness combined with microbiological investigation of hand hygiene facilities

IntroductionSeven countries in the WHO African Region have banned the sale and/or use of shisha. In 2017, Kenya implemented a comprehensive ban on shisha, including the use, import, manufacture, sale, offer of sale, advertising, promotion, distribution and encouraging or facilitating its use. The objective of this study was to assess compliance with the ban of shisha use in select public hospitality venues in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsObservational study that used a purposive sampling to select restaurants, bars and nightclubs where shisha use took place before the ban. A total of 200 venues were visited in seven areas of Nairobi City County, Kenya. Shisha use was defined as at least one person smoking shisha in any indoor or outdoor area of the venue accessible to the public, and indicators of shisha use as the display of any shisha equipment.ResultsOverall, 81.5% of the venues visited were in compliance. Shisha smoking was observed in 16.5% of all venues and shisha equipment alone was observed in 2.0%. Among the different venue types, 94.6% of restaurants were compliant, 79.7% of bars and 75.6% of nightclubs.DiscussionThe overall high compliance indicates that Kenya’s shisha ban is well implemented in Nairobi, and may be explained by the comprehensive nature of the shisha ban and the low prevalence in the general population. The variation in compliance may be due to the higher rates of use in university students and the additional resources required to enforce the ban in areas with high rates of crime.

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FACTS, MYTHS AND INFODEMICS IN COVID-19 IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND GENERAL POPULATION: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

10.36106/ijsr/2121567 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 49-52

Author(s):

Shrivastava P ◽

Verma S ◽

Khushboo Khushboo ◽

Bhattacharya P K

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Social Media ◽

General Population ◽

Mass Media ◽

Observational Study ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

The Public ◽

Care Workers ◽

Health Related

Despite the ubiquity of health-related communications via social media, no consensus has emerged what information should be conveyed and how it should be conveyed to avoid creating panic among general population. With lockdowns social media, mass media became as a habit by people for news, information regarding COVID-19 and it is practiced even after lockdown. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mass media, social media and local news has become as the source of a toxic “infodemic” source for public. It contained both solicited and unsolicited advice. No conceptual model exists for examining the roles of media. It is important to rst assess the important mis-information, role of infodemics and prevalent casualness among the public regarding the COVID-19. Till mass vaccination is not commenced it is prudent to emphasize guidelines and practices as per COVID guidelines like social distancing, wearing mask, hand hygiene

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Adherence Improvement of Five Moments Hand Hygiene with Increasing Motivation of Nurses

Media Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.26714/mki.1.1.2018.12-19 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Menik Kustriyani ◽

Ivana Probo Kaeksi ◽

Tamrin Tamrin

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Joint Commission International ◽

R Value ◽

Spearman Test

Joint Commission International ( JCI ) required the achievement of 100% five moment hand hygiene for the nurses who have provided care to patients. The adherence of five moments hand hygiene has been done to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. The adherence of five moments hand hygiene has been determined by inside and outside factors, and one of the inside factors is the motivation. The research is a qualitative research with cross sectional approach. The number of sample is 153 nurses with the proportionate random sampling technique at the Public Hospital of Loekmono Hadi Kudus. The research instruments used the questionaire and observation sheet. The research showed the result of Rank Spearman test p value = 0,000 with r value = 0.296, positive correlation means that the higher the nurse motivation, the higher the nurse aderence of five moment hand hygiene.

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The practice of hand hygiene in the maternities of the public hospitals of Lubumbashi

Archives of Infectious Diseases & Therapy ◽

10.33140/aidt.05.02.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Cesarean Sections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Hand Rubbing ◽

Maternity Hospitals ◽

The One

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of hand hygiene in the maternities of the public hospitals of Lubumbashi. Method and techniques: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study in which the population consisted on the one hand of the technical rooms of the maternity hospitals and the operating rooms for cesarean sections and on the other hand the nurses responsible for these maternities. The observation technique using an observation guide of the WHO model allowed us to collect the data. Results: Hand hygiene was not properly carried out in the maternity wards of Lubumbashi's public hospitals. Most of the prerequisites before hand washing and hydro-alcoholic hand rubbing were not respected, the prerequisites for surgical hand washing were observed only at 21.4%:e wearing of short-sleeved clothing (43.0%),absence of jewelry (78.6%), short nails without varnish and false nails (50.0%). In the absence of hydroalcoholic solution (SHA) (71.4%) for the friction, they used denatured alcohol (28.6%). The duration of soaping and friction was in an interval between 11 to 20 seconds or 42.9% and that of hygienic hand washing was observed at 28.6%. The duration of surgical and antiseptic hand washing was 21 to 40 seconds to 35.7%. Only 21.4% of the departments surveyed had used the broad-spectrum antiseptic foaming solution, no structure had a sterile disposable brush for hygienic and surgical hand washing, 2/14 departments surveyed had sterile disposable towels, the water used had not undergone bacteriological control and only one service, ie 7.1%, which had non-manually operated bins. Conclusion: Hand hygiene is not properly carried out in maternity hospitals in Lubumbashi's public hospitals, due to a lack of equipment and knowledge on this practice, equipment must be provided and staff trained in hand hygiene.

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Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Ghana’s health care institutions: An observational study

Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management ◽

10.1177/2516043520958579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 177-186

Author(s):

Aaron Asibi Abuosi ◽

Samuel Kaba Akoriyea ◽

Gloria Ntow-Kummi ◽

Joseph Akanuwe ◽

Patience Aseweh Abor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Observational Study ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Hand Hygiene Compliance ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Job Aids ◽

The Mean ◽

Hygiene Compliance

Objective To assess hand hygiene compliance in selected primary hospitals in Ghana. Design A cross-sectional health facility-based observational study was conducted in primary health care facilities in five regions in Ghana. A total of 546 healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, midwives and laboratory personnel from 106 health facilities participated in the study. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures included availability of hand hygiene materials and alcohol job aids; compliance with moments of hand hygiene; and compliance with steps in hygienic hand washing. These were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results The mean availability of hand hygiene material and alcohol job aids was 75% and 71% respectively. This was described as moderately high, but less desirable. The mean hand hygiene compliance with moments of hand hygiene was 51%, which was also described asmoderately high, but less desirable. It was observed that, generally, hand hygiene was performed after procedures than before. However, the mean compliance with steps in hygienic hand washing was 86%, which was described as high and desirable. Conclusion Healthcare workers are generally competent in performance of hygienic hand washing. However, this does not seem to influence compliance with moments of hand hygiene. Efforts must therefore be made to translate the competence of healthcare workers in hygienic hand washing into willingness to comply with moments of hand hygiene, especially contact with patients.

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Clinical experiences with a new system for automated hand hygiene monitoring: A prospective observational study

American Journal of Infection Control ◽

10.1016/j.ajic.2019.09.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 527-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne-Mette Iversen ◽

Christiane Pahl Kavalaris ◽

Rosa Hansen ◽

Marco Bo Hansen ◽

Rebekah Alexander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Clinical Experiences ◽

New System

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Hand hygiene compliance and environmental determinants in child day care centers: An observational study

American Journal of Infection Control ◽

10.1016/j.ajic.2012.06.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 497-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Tizza P. Zomer ◽

Vicki Erasmus ◽

Ed F. van Beeck ◽

Aimée Tjon-A-Tsien ◽

Jan Hendrik Richardus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Day Care ◽

Hand Hygiene Compliance ◽

Environmental Determinants ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Child Day Care ◽

Child Day Care Centers ◽

Hygiene Compliance

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Differences in Hand Hygiene Behavior Related to the Contamination Risk of Healthcare Activities in Different Groups of Healthcare Workers

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/502378 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 203-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Constanze Wendt ◽

Donald Knautz ◽

Heike von Baum

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

University Hospital ◽

Contamination Risk ◽

Hygiene Behavior

AbstractBackground:The Fulkerson scale lists 15 typical clinical activities ranked according to their risk of hand contamination.Objective:To investigate how often healthcare workers (HCWs) apply antiseptic handrubs after each of the specified activities ranked in the Fulkerson scale.Design:Observational study.Setting:University Hospital of Heidelberg, a 1,600-bed teaching hospital.Methods:Using a structured protocol, 41 observers recorded whether HCWs rubbed their hands in 1 of 15 given situations.Results:Handrubs were used in 1,115 (52.2%) of 2,138 observations. Comparatively high rates of handrub use were observed after contact with sterile materials (39.6%) and after contact with excretions (90% to 97%). Nurses used handrubs significantly more frequently than did physicians after contact with the inanimate environment, but physicians applied handrubs significantly more frequently after contact with body secretions.Conclusions:This study showed better compliance with hand hygiene than that reported by many previous studies, but compliance was still inadequate and varied significantly by type of HCW, type of activity, and location in the hospital.

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Information Disclosure During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: City-Level Observational Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19572 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guangyu Hu ◽

Peiyi Li ◽

Changzheng Yuan ◽

Chenglin Tao ◽

Hai Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Information Disclosure ◽

Central Government ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Case Reports ◽

Mainland China ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Study Data ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

The Public

BACKGROUND Information disclosure is a top priority for official responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The timely and standardized information published by authorities as a response to the crisis can better inform the public and enable better preparations for the pandemic; however, there is limited evidence of any systematic analyses of the disclosed epidemic information. This in turn has important implications for risk communication. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe and compare the officially released content regarding local epidemic situations as well as analyze the characteristics of information disclosure through local communication in major cities in China. METHODS The 31 capital cities in mainland China were included in this city-level observational study. Data were retrieved from local municipalities and health commission websites as of March 18, 2020. A checklist was employed as a rapid qualitative assessment tool to analyze the information disclosure performance of each city. Descriptive analyses and data visualizations were produced to present and compare the comparative performances of the cities. RESULTS In total, 29 of 31 cities (93.5%) established specific COVID-19 webpages to disclose information. Among them, 12 of the city webpages were added to their corresponding municipal websites. A majority of the cities (21/31, 67.7%) published their first cases of infection in a timely manner on the actual day of confirmation. Regarding the information disclosures highlighted on the websites, news updates from local media or press briefings were the most prevalent (28/29, 96.6%), followed by epidemic surveillance (25/29, 86.2%), and advice for the public (25/29, 86.2%). Clarifications of misinformation and frequently asked questions were largely overlooked as only 2 cities provided this valuable information. The median daily update frequency of epidemic surveillance summaries was 1.2 times per day (IQR 1.0-1.3 times), and the majority of these summaries (18/25, 72.0%) also provided detailed information regarding confirmed cases. The reporting of key indicators in the epidemic surveillance summaries, as well as critical facts included in the confirmed case reports, varied substantially between cities. In general, the best performance in terms of timely reporting and the transparency of information disclosures were observed in the municipalities directly administered by the central government compared to the other cities. CONCLUSIONS Timely and effective efforts to disclose information related to the COVID-19 epidemic have been made in major cities in China. Continued improvements to local authority reporting will contribute to more effective public communication and efficient public health research responses. The development of protocols and the standardization of epidemic message templates—as well as the use of uniform operating procedures to provide regular information updates—should be prioritized to ensure a coordinated national response.

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