scholarly journals The structure and evolution of production, employment and human capital in Portugal: an input‑output approach

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Lopes ◽  
João Ferreira Do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Demand Structure

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the structure and evolution of production, employment and human capital in Portugal, using an inter‑industry approach. A descriptive analysis of the sector composition of gross output, value added and employment is made, followed by a quantification of changes in relative labour productivity and primary input content of final demand components. Next, the evolution of employment multipliers is quantified, as well as the structure of labour force qualifications by sector. Although remarkable improvements have been achieved in the past, the low educational levels of its workers, on average, remains one the main vulnerabilities of Portugal in the global and knowledge economy of our days. In this context, the main contribution of the paper is the quantification of human capital requirements of final demand changes by component. Using an input ‑output approach combining sector productivities and labour qualifications, output multipliers and final demand structure, it is possible to quantify the growth in employment by level of qualification resulting from a unitary growth of private and public consumption, investment and exports. This exercise is made for 1995 and 2008, using input‑output domestic flow tables from INE and DPP and employment qualifications from Quadros de Pessoal database.

scholarly journals Method of value chain mapping with international input–output data: application to the agricultural value chain in three Greater Mekong Subregion countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kuroiwa
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Unit Structure ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Final Output ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion

AbstractExtending the technique of unit structure analysis, which was originally developed by Ozaki (J Econ 73(5):720–748, 1980), this study introduces a method of value chain mapping that uses international input–output data and reveals both the upstream and downstream transactions of goods and services, as well as primary input (value added) and final output (final demand) transactions, which emerge along the entire value chain. This method is then applied to the agricultural value chain of three Greater Mekong Subregion countries: Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The results show that the agricultural value chain has been increasingly internationalized, although there is still room to benefit from participating in global value chains, especially in a country such as Cambodia. Although there are some constraints regarding the methodology and data, the method proves useful in tracing the entire value chain.

scholarly journals Labour productivity in the Hungarian agriculture

2018 ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Norbert Bozsik ◽  
Róbert Magda
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Agricultural Labour Productivity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Eu

This paper presents the situation of the agricultural labour employment and evaluates the agricultural labour productivity in Hungary. Since Hungary’s EU accession, the share of agricultural employment in the total employed population has been stabilized at around 5% in the country. Due to low wages, low profit and low prestige, agricultural jobs are not attractive. The gross and net labour productivity gap between Hungary and the EU have been significant since the EU accession. The agricultural labour productivity of the Hungarian regions also shows a different picture. The labour productivity influences the cost, profitability and competitiveness of products. The advantage of the cheap labour force in Hungary’s agriculture significantly decreased due to low labour productivity. There are several opportunities to increase the agricultural labour productivity such as the increase of labour force qualification, moving toward producing higher value added agri-food products, rejuvenation of population in agriculture and the improvement of the conditions of financing agriculture.

scholarly journals Analysis of Japan’s and Ukraine’s sectoral structure of the economy within the framework of the aggregated input-output models

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
Volodymyr KULYK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Value Added ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Table ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Demand Structure ◽  
Long Time

The sectoral structure of the economies of Japan and Ukraine is studied. The aggregation of the input-output table of Japan’s economy (2015) to 13 constipated industries, which have traditionally been used for a long time for the analysis of the Japanese economic structure, and the input-output table of Ukraine’s economy (2018) to 10 sectors were carried out. For a more comparable comparison of the input-output tables of both economies was aggregated to the level of 3 constipated sectors (primary, secondary and tertiary). The analysis of production processes for the economy as a whole and in terms of sectors was conducted, the structure of sectoral costs and generateable income (gross value added, factor income) was investigated. The author worked out a matrix of direct costs, built heat maps, etc. Analysis based on aggregated release cost tables, including 3 sectoral input-output tables, is useful for initial familiarization with the peculiarities of inter-sectoral relationships, final demand structure and added value, peculiarities of production processes. Being quite simplified, they reflect the basic content of processes in the production sphere, can be used for educationally methodical purposes, in the development of a strategy for modernization of production, to be the basis for comparing production systems of different national economies. Further research is appropriate within more detailed input-output tables, where the classification of types of economic activity and the degree of data aggregation meets international standards.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERANAN SEKTOR PERIKANAN DALAM MENDUKUNG PROGRAM MINAPOLITAN DI PROVINSI GORONTALO: MODEL INPUT-OUTPUT

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Taslim Arifin ◽  
Siti Hajar Suryawati
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Distribution Index ◽  
Table Model ◽  
Index Value

Integrasi ekonomi yang menyeluruh dan berkesinambungan di antar semua sektor produksi merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan pembangunan ekonomi. Data sekunder berupa tabel inputoutput Propinsi Gorontalo tahun 2011digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menganalisis peran sektor perikanan dan keterkaitan kedepan serta kebelakang (forward and backward linkage) dalam perekonomian wilayah; dan (2) Mengetahui indeks daya penyebaran dan indeks derajat kepekaan pada kegiatan sektor perikanan. Metode analisis deskriptif, analisis keterkaitan, dan analisis daya penyebaran serta derajat kepekaan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil kajian menggambarkan bahwa sektor perikanan budidaya penyebarannya hampir merata, dengan jumlah permintaan seluruhnya mencapai Rp. 0,373 trilyun. Dari sisi penawaran menunjukkan bahwa wilayah pesisir Provinsi Gorontalo mampu berperan menyediakan produksi perikanan sebesar Rp. 0,280 trilyun (75,03%) dari seluruh penawaran/penyediaan produk, kekurangannya yakni sebesar Rp. 36.061 juta (9,65%) harus dipasok dari luar Provinsi Gorontalo. Permintaan akhir sektor perikanan paling banyak digunakan untuk konsumsi rumahtangga dan ekspor yaitu masing-masing sebesar 58,49%, dan 5,95%. Kontribusi sektor perikanan memberikan nilai input primer yang relatif kecil, yaitu sebesar Rp. 0,280 trilyun (6,61%) di bawah rata-rata per sektor Rp. 0,424 trilyun. Sektor perikanan dapat dikategorikan efisien (tingkat efisiensi 75,03%), paling efisien dibandingkan semua sektor maupun rata-rata totalefisiensi sektor kegiatan di Provinsi Gorontalo yang besarnya 53,66%. Koefisien keterkaitan langsung kebelakang sektor perikanan budidaya adalah 0,153159, nilai keterkaitan langsung ke depan adalah 0,107750, sedangkan nilai indeks daya penyebaran sebesar 0,8742 dan nilai indeks derajat kepekaan sebesar 0,8249. Melalui pengembangan sentra perikanan terpadu, keterkaitan antar sektor dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Hal tersebut dapat dilaksanakan melalui program “Minapolitan Berbasis Perikanan Budidaya”.Title: Analysis of Fisheries Sector’s Role in Supporting Minapolitan Program in Gorontalo Province: Input-Output ModelComprehensive economic integration and sustainable between production sectors is one key to successful economic development. Secondary data which used in this research were 2011 Gorontalo Province Input-Output Table Model. This research aimed to: (1) analyze the role of fisheries sector and forward and backward linkage in the economic region; and (2) knowing the distribution index and the degree of sensitivity index of fisheries sector activity in Gorontalo Province. Methods of descriptive analysis, linkage analysis, and analysis of power distribution and the degree of sensitivity used in this research. The results showed that the aquaculture sector is almost evenly spread, with the number of requests totaled Rp. 0.373 trillion. From the supply side shows that the area of the coastal province  of Gorontalo able role in providing fisheries production amounted to Rp. 0.280 trillion (75.03%) of the  entire supply / provision of products, shortcomings which amounted to Rp. 36,061 million (9.65%) to be supplied from outside the province of Gorontalo. Fisheries sector final demand mostly used for domestic  consumption and exports are respectively 58.49% and 5.95%. The contribution of the fisheries provide the primary input values are relatively small, amounting to Rp. 0.280 trillion (6.61%) below the average per sector Rp. 0.424 trillion. The fisheries sector can be categorized as efficient with an efficiency of 75.03%, the most efficient compared to all sectors and the average total efficiency of the sector of activity in Gorontalo Province which amount 53.66%. The coefficient of linkage directly to the back of aquaculture sector is 0.153159, the value of direct relevance to the future is 0.107750, while the index value of 0.8742 and the power spread degree of sensitivity index values of 0.8249. Connectivity between sectors can be exploited optimally and sustainable by program which called “Minapolitan Based on Aquaculture Fisheries”.

scholarly journals Impact of Human Capital on Employment and Economic Growth in Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhma Khan ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

Human Capital plays a vital role in increasing GDP growth and creating more employment opportunities. The major objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of Human Capital on GDP Growth and Employment in developing countries using Panel Data for the period of 1996-2018. To measure the Human Capital, we have employed two proxy variables i.e. life expectancy and education expenditure. The variables of Labour force, capital formation, inflation, agriculture and manufacturing value added are used as controlled variables in the study. The fixed effect and random effect models are used in this study. The empirical results show that human capital variables (life expectancy and education expenditures) are found significant and hence contribute as an engine of growth and employment opportunities in developing countries

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Maria-Simona Naroș
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Objective: The main objective of this paper is to reveal the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and human capital. Methodology: The analysis consists in a presentation of main achievements in the literature regarding the contribution of human capital to the attraction of FDI. Findings: The investment in human capital formation has leaded to the increase of labour productivity. This will ultimately result in economic growth. Education has the most important role in the process of human capital formation. Value added: FDI has an important role to play in human resource development through its ability to enhance new skills, information and technologies in multinational enterprises. In this way, FDI becomes a determinant factor for education and professional training, because it is the link between the immediate reality based on creation, introduction of new skills, new technologies and provision of a wide range of information and initial training direction. Recommendations: The economic policies should focus on the attraction of FDI that ensures the improvement of human capital quality. On the other hand, the education policies should focus on a better connection of the human resources to the requirements of the labour market and to offer acknowledge and practice that will help the graduates to correspond to the expectations of foreign investors.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis Of Human Capital Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Gajdos
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the interdependence between labour productivity and the occupational structure of human capital in a spatial cross-section. Research indicates (see Fischer 2009) the possibility to assess the impact of the quality of human capital (measured by means of the level of education) on labour productivity in a spatial cross-section. This study attempts to thoroughly analyse the issue, assuming that apart from the level of education, the course of education (occupation) can also be a significant factor determining labour productivity in a spatial cross-section. The data used in this paper concerning labour force structure in major occupational groups in a regional cross-section comes from a Labour Force Survey. The data source specificity enables the assessment of labour force occupational specialisation at the regional level and the estimation of this specialisation at the subregional or county level. An in-depth analysis of the occupational structure of the labour market in a spatial cross-section is an important theoretical and practical area of study necessary for the development of effective labour market policies and the education system.

Vertical Linkages and the Collapse of Global Trade

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolfs Bems ◽  
Robert C Johnson ◽  
Kei-Mu Yi
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Vertical Specialization ◽  
Common View ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Vertical Linkages ◽  
Shed Light

A common view is that cross-border vertical linkages played a key role in the 2008–2009 collapse of global trade. This paper presents two accounting results from a global input-output framework that shed light on this channel. We feed in observed changes in final demand and find that trade in final goods fell by twice as much as trade in intermediate goods. Nevertheless, intermediate goods account for more than two-fifths of the trade collapse. We also find that vertical specialization trade fell 13 percent, while value-added trade fell by 10 percent, because declines in demand were largest in highly vertically-specialized sectors.

scholarly journals Slow Growth and Sluggish Manufacturing in Indonesia’s Less Competitive Provinces: A Geweke Causality Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Tan Khee Giap ◽  
Mulya Amri
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Low Levels

This article presents a causality analysis of lagging economic growth in two Indonesian provinces: East Nusa Tenggara and North Maluku. We identify three variables which stand out for some of Indonesia’s economically challenged provinces: consistently low gross domestic product (GDP) growth, low levels of manufacturing, and under-utilisation of labour. Using Geweke causality analysis, we identify and measure the direction of causal effects between these variables. Our empirical findings confirm that output growth is affected by the level of value addition in economic activities and the productivity of human resources. We find that both the secondary sector’s contribution to gross regional development product (GRDP) and labour productivity contribute to the changes in overall provincial GRDP, but not the other way around. Such findings suggest that development in Indonesia’s economically challenged provinces would benefit greatly from expansion of appropriate manufacturing and value added activities, and more productive utilization of labour force in full employment situations.

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