scholarly journals Diagnostics of main bacterial agents of porcine respiratory diseases complex (PRDC) using PCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Holko ◽  
J. Urbanova ◽  
THolkova ◽  
V. Kmet
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
Porcine Respiratory

The main goal of our work is the presentation and analysis of incidence of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) regarding bacterial agents in the territory of northern districts of Slovakia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and other secondary bacterial causative pathogens of PRDC comprised 75.2% of all cases (98) with clinical signs of respiratory infections that we examined in the course of one year. We present also one of possibilities to the solution of problematic detection of M. hyopneumoniae which is, like the whole rank of mycoplasmas, very difficult to cultivate. This problem was solved by using the PCR method with the direct isolation of M. hyopneumoniae from lungs tissue. In antibiotic sensitivity testing of Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae resulted enrofloxacin as the most effective antibiotics in the therapy of PRDC regarding bacterial agents.in above mentioned territory.

Bacteria and Viral Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections of Children Attending Yangon Children’s Hospital and Yankin Children’s Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Objectives of study are (1) to reinforce the national capacity for diagnosis and antibiogram of some infectious diseases causing severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and (2) to build a network between hospital and laboratory for the diagnosis and surveillance of SARI in Yangon. This study is a crosssectional hospital- and laboratory-based descriptive study. A total of 825 samples including respiratory samples and blood samples from 511 children attending Yangon Children’s Hospital and Yankin Children’s Hospital from December 2014 to April 2016 for treatment of SARI were included. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were done using Vitek 2. Out of 129 gram-negative bacilli (GNB), K. pneumoniae 32%, P. aeruginosa 18%, A. baumannii 13%, E. coli 9% were mostly isolated. Among 35 gram-positive cocci (GPC), S. aureus 42% and S. pneumoniae 6% were mostly isolated. Multidrug resistance rates were E. coli 100%, K. pneumoniae 95%, A. baumanii 82% and P. aeruginosa 17%. Extended-spectrum beta-latamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli was 6 out of 10 tested organisms. Carbarpenemase-producing GNB and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 21% and 33%, respectively. Virology section tested 529 samples of 490 patients using the FTD33 Multiplex PCR method which can detect 33 pathogens including 20 viruses, 12 bacteria and 1 fungus. Out of 490 patients, 374 were PCR positive. Different types of samples including nasopharyngeal, throat, endotracheal and laryngeal swab, tracheal secretion and bronchoalveolar lavage, were tested. Out of 566 viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (19.3%), rhinovirus (17.0%), parechovirus (14.3%), bocavirus (11.1%), adenovirus (10.2%), metapneumo-virus A and B (10.2%), parainfluenza virus (5.7%), enterovirus (3.0%), influenza A virus (2.8%), coronavirus (4%), parainfluenza virus (0.9%) and influenza C virus (0.4%) were detected. This study highlighted the etiological agents of bacteria, viruses and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens in SARI.

scholarly journals Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominiek Maes ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
Bert Devriendt ◽  
Peter Kuhnert ◽  
Artur Summerfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Carrier Molecule ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Porcine Respiratory ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is one of the primary agents involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex, economically one of the most important diseases in pigs worldwide. The pathogen adheres to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, causes damage to the mucosal clearance system, modulates the immune system and renders the animal more susceptible to other respiratory infections. The pathogenesis is very complex and not yet fully understood. Cell-mediated and likely also mucosal humoral responses are considered important for protection, although infected animals are not able to rapidly clear the pathogen from the respiratory tract. Vaccination is frequently practiced worldwide to control M. hyopneumoniae infections and the associated performance losses, animal welfare issues, and treatment costs. Commercial vaccines are mostly bacterins that are administered intramuscularly. However, the commercial vaccines provide only partial protection, they do not prevent infection and have a limited effect on transmission. Therefore, there is a need for novel vaccines that confer a better protection. The present paper gives a short overview of the pathogenesis and immune responses following M. hyopneumoniae infection, outlines the major limitations of the commercial vaccines and reviews the different experimental M. hyopneumoniae vaccines that have been developed and tested in mice and pigs. Most experimental subunit, DNA and vector vaccines are based on the P97 adhesin or other factors that are important for pathogen survival and pathogenesis. Other studies focused on bacterins combined with novel adjuvants. Very few efforts have been directed towards the development of attenuated vaccines, although such vaccines may have great potential. As cell-mediated and likely also humoral mucosal responses are important for protection, new vaccines should aim to target these arms of the immune response. The selection of proper antigens, administration route and type of adjuvant and carrier molecule is essential for success. Also practical aspects, such as cost of the vaccine, ease of production, transport and administration, and possible combination with vaccines against other porcine pathogens, are important. Possible avenues for further research to develop better vaccines and to achieve a more sustainable control of M. hyopneumoniae infections are discussed.

Lungworms (Metastrongylus Spp.) Demonstrated in Domestic Pigs with Respiratory Disease - What was the True Relevance of that?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Wallgren ◽  
Emelie Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAn outdoor pig herd was affected by severe respiratory disease in one out of three pastures. At necropsy, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida were detected in the lungs, as well as the lung worm Metastrongylus apri. The life cycle of Metastrongylus spp. includes earth worms as an intermediate host, and since domesticated pigs mainly are reared indoors lungworms has not been diagnosed in domestic pigs in Sweden for decades, not even in pigs reared outdoors. Therefore, this disease outbreak was scrutinised from the view of validating the impact of Metastrongylus spp..ResultsAt the time of the disease outbreak, neither eggs of Metastrongylus spp. nor Ascaris suum were detected in faeces of pigs aged ten weeks. In contrast, five-months-old pigs at the pasture with respiratory disease shed large amounts of eggs from Ascaris suum, whereas Ascaris suum not was demonstrated in healthy pigs aged six months at another pasture. Low numbers of eggs from Metastrongylus spp. were seen in faecal samples from both these age categories.At slaughter, seven weeks later, ten normal weighted pigs in the preceding healthy batch were compared with ten normal weighted and five small pigs from the affected batch. Healing Mycoplasma-like pneumonic lesions were seen in all groups. Small pigs had more white spot liver lesions, and all small pigs shed eggs of Ascaris suum in faeces, compared to around 50% of the pigs in the normally sized groups. Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated in 13 of the 25 pigs (52%), %), representing all groups included.ConclusionAs Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated regardless of health status, and in another healthy outdoor herd, the impact of Metastrongylus spp. on the outbreak of respiratory disease was depreciated. Instead, Metastrongylus spp. was suggested to be common in outdoor production, although rarely diagnosed. The reason for this is because they will escape detection at routine inspection at slaughterhouses, and that they appeared to generally not induce clinical signs of respiratory disease. Instead, a possible association with a high burden of Ascaris suum was suggested to have preceded the severe outbreak with respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Serological Response to Pasteurella multocida NanH Sialidase in Persistently Colonized Rabbits

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sanchez ◽  
Shaikh Mizan ◽  
Charlotte Quist ◽  
Patricia Schroder ◽  
Michelle Juneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Sialidase Activity ◽  
Upper Respiratory

ABSTRACT Pasteurella multocida is a mucosal pathogen that colonizes the upper respiratory system of rabbits. Respiratory infections can result, but the bacteria can also invade the circulatory system, producing abscesses or septicemia. P. multocida produces extracellular sialidase activity, which is believed to augment colonization of the respiratory tract and the production of lesions in an active infection. Previously, it was demonstrated that some isolates of P. multocida contain two unique sialidase genes, nanH and nanB, that encode enzymes with different substrate specificities (S. Mizan, A. D. Henk, A. Stallings, M. Meier, J. J. Maurer, and M. D. Lee, J. Bacteriol. 182:6874-6883, 2000). We developed a recombinant antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the NanH sialidase of P. multocida and demonstrated that rabbits that were experimentally colonized with P. multocida produce detectable anti-NanH immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in serum, although they demonstrated no clinical signs of pasteurellosis. In addition, clinically ill pet rabbits infected with P. multocida possessed IgM and/or IgG antibody against NanH. The NanH ELISA may be useful for the diagnosis of P. multocida infections in sick rabbits as well as for screening for carriers in research rabbit colonies.

scholarly journals Bacterio-pathological Studies on Salmonellosis, Colibacillosis and Pasteurellosis in Natural and Experimental Infections in Chickens

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
MB Rahman ◽  
SML Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Fowl Cholera ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
One Year

Bacterio-pathological investigation on 1751 dead chickens during one year period from January to December 2002 at the BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre, Gazipur showed that 39.81% (n=697) cases with seven types of different bacteriological diseases of which salmonellosis (n=385), colibacillosis (n=147) and fowl cholera (n=114) were found significantly higher rate of prevalence then staphylococcosis (n=6),  gangrenous dermatitis (n=17), necrotic enteritis (n=24) and infectious coryza (n=4). Accordingly, avian salmonellosis, colibacillosis and pasteurellosis were selected for detailed investigation. Age wise prevalence of avian salmonellosis showed highest infection rate in adult layers (53.25%) in comparison to brooding (14.55%), growing (16.10%) and pullet (16.10%) chickens. The avian colibacillosis was found widely prevalent in all age groups of chickens (9.52 to 36.73%) with specially high prevalence rate in adult layer birds (36.73%). Fowl cholera was recorded in chickens more than two weeks of age with significantly (p < 0.01) highest occurrence in adult chickens. Seasonal influence showed significantly (p < 0.01) highest proportionate prevalence of salmonellosis during summer (48.05%) in comparison to rainy (28.31%) and winter (23.66%) seasons. Colibacillosis was recorded more or less uniformly in all the three seasons of the year with significantly (p < 0.01) higher rate during summer (40.82%) season. Similarly, the prevalence of fowl cholera was also found significantly (p < 0.01) highest during summer (49.12%) in comparison to rainy (26.32%) and winter (24.56%) seasons. The isolated causative agents of avian salmonellosis (Salmonella pullorum), avian colibacillosis (Escherichia coli) and avian pasteurellosis (Pasteurella multocida) were characterized by bacteriological methods which were also subjected to pathogenicity study in 52-day old broiler chickens. Pathogenicity study showed that the incubation period of these three bacterial diseases were recorded as 96 hours and clinical signs appeared on 4th day of inoculation and observed that S. pullorum, E. coli and P.  multocida resulted 100% morbidity in chickens. Key words: Characterization; pathogenicity; salmonellosis; colibacillosis; pasteurellosis; chickens doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1926 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2(1) : 01-08

scholarly journals Isolation, Antibiogram and Molecular Detection of Mannheimia and Pasteurella Associated with Pneumonia in Sheep in Al-Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Sensitivity Testing

Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a common and economically important type of ovine pneumonia. No previous study about the disease in Al Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the association rate of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida with pneumonia in sheep and to update data about their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. A total of 100 samples (57 nasal swabs and 43 lung tissues) were collected from diseased and animals suspected to have died of pneumonia. Samples were subjected to bacteriological examination, biochemical identification of isolates by VITEK2 system, direct molecular identification by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and antibiotic sensitivity testing of isolates. The results showed an overall detection rate of 31% for M. haemolytica (25%) and P. multocida (6%). Only 6% isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 as M. haemolytica, with probability reached 99%. While, direct molecular method revealed that 20.2% samples were positive for M. haemolytica and 6.4% for P. multocida specific 16S rRNA genes. M. haemolytica isolates were found sensitive to oxytetracycline, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and tigecycline, in order. While, they were found completely resistant to cloxacillin, streptomycin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. In conclusion, the detection rate of M. haemolytica emphasized its role as a major cause of ovine pneumonia. Besides, our results invigorated the role of direct molecular detection and recommend it for laboratory differential diagnosis. The isolates were resistant to limited antimicrobial agents, nevertheless, the antimicrobial susceptibility test is important for proper treatment.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity Of Acute Respiratory Infection Patients In Bhayangkara Hospital Bengkulu.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Zamharira Muslim ◽  
Putri Widelia Welkriana ◽  
Regita Pratiwi Mahardika
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Very High

The high incidence of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of infections today is very worrying. The main therapy in patients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) is using antibiotics. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of several antibiotics to the bacteria that cause ARI. The design of this study is quasi-experimental. This sensitivity testing uses the disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The antibiotics used are Ampicillin and Cefotaxime. The results obtained are that the antibiotic Ampicillin resistant by 86.26% and 13.63% are still sensitive to the bacteria that causes ARI. The same thing also happened to Cefotaxime antibiotics, most of which were resistant (59.09%), intermediate (9.09%), and most were still sensitive (31.81%) to bacteria that infect the respiratory tract. From the results obtained it can be concluded that the incidence of bacterial resistance to ampicillin and cefotaxime is very high against bacteria that cause ARI.

scholarly journals Chronic maxillary sinusitis: Clinical and microbiological evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
D Shrestha ◽  
LK Yadav ◽  
P Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
Common Sign ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study

Chronic sinusitis essentially results from untreated or inadequately treated acute sinusitis. Sinusitis is one of the common health problems worldwide. This is a prospective study, done in Department of ENT Bir Hospital Kathmandu. The study period was one year from 14 March 2009 to 15 March 2010. In this study the most commonly involved group is 21–30years (44%). The most presenting symptoms was Nasal discharge 46(92%) and nasal obstruction 44(88%). The most common sign was mucopus in nasal cavity in 44(88%) cases followed by post nasal drip in 39(78%) cases. The bacteria most frequently isolated from sinus aspirates were staphylococcus aureus 18(36%) and streptococcus pneumonia 16(32%). Majority of the aspirates 34(68%) cases yielded single organism. The antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that 48(96%) cases of isolates were sensitive to Cephalexin and ceftriaxone.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2011, Vol-7, No-2, 17-22DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i2.6675

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Respiratory Infections in Poultry in Peri-Urban Areas of Dakar and Thies (Senegal)

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
M. C. Kadja ◽  
J. Anitcheou ◽  
G. J. Djossa ◽  
S. Sourokou Sabi ◽  
F. X. Laleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
System P ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poultry Farming

The objective of this study is identifying the main risk factors for the emergence of respiratory diseases in poultry farms in the Senegalese region of Niayes. It took place in the period from August 2018 to February 2019 in 45 modern poultry farms in the regions of Dakar and Thiès. The analysis of the results of our study showed that the farms are very close to houses and accessible to foreign people in 44.4% and 53.1% of cases respectively. Litter was treated before use in only 24.4% of farms. Respiratory diseases are the most frequent diseases (75.6%) and are found in 80% of broiler farms. The diagnosis of respiratory diseases was made by poultry advisors (75.6%) and was based mainly on memoranda, clinical signs and autopsy. The training of poultry farmers in poultry farming (p < 0.1), the proximity of farms to homes (p < 0.05), and the accessibility of the farm to outsiders (p < 0.01) influence the occurrence of respiratory problems on poultry farms.  Similarly, factors such as type of poultry speculation (p < 0.01), number of birds (p < 0.1), type of buildings (p < 0.01), bedding treatment (p < 0.05), and watering system (p < 0.05) appeared to be strongly related to the history of respiratory problems on poultry farms. Recommendations were made to improve environmental conditions and biosecurity measures to reduce the pressure of respiratory infections in poultry farms.

scholarly journals Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: An Update Review about An Emerging Poultry Pathogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Ventura Barbosa ◽  
Clarissa Varajão Cardoso ◽  
Rita de Cássia Figueira Silva ◽  
Aloysio de Mello Figueiredo Cerqueira ◽  
Maíra Halfen Teixeira Liberal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale

Respiratory diseases in birds generate sanitary and economic impacts and may be related to the environment and climate. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Escherichia coli, Riemerella anatipestifer, and Bordetella avium are among the most important avian respiratory pathogens. ORT is responsible for causing ornitobacteriosis, a disease characterized by clinical signs ranging from mild to severe respiratory conditions, with high mortality rates, mainly affecting turkeys and chickens. The first report of ornitobacteriosis was in 1981 in Germany. Despite its importance, few studies on ORT have been published. In addition, the presence of this pathogen has been neglected in poultry farms, mainly due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic protocols. The lack of correct isolation and diagnostic protocols along with inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents have been contributing to treatment failure. Due to its economic importance to the poultry industry, ornitobacteriosis should be monitored and included in national programs for the prevention and control of avian respiratory diseases. This review aimed to update and discuss important issues related to ORT since this pathogen has great economic and sanitary implications for the chicken production chain.

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