Effect of PRRSV stability on productive parameters in breeding herds of a swine large integrated group in Spain

Abstract Background In breeding herds, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) clinically manifests as increased abortions, number of stillbirths, and pre-weaning mortality, and as a direct consequence, results in a decrease of the number of piglets weaned per sow per year. Breeding farm classification according the PRRS virus (PRRSV) status (unstable or stable) is a key control strategy for this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production improvement related to achieving a PRRSV stable status in breeding herds in Spain. For this purpose, epidemiological and productivity data were collected from a systematic PRRSV monitoring program in 35 breeding herds from a large integrated swine group in Spain. A comparative statistical analysis was conducted using four key production indicators (KPI) between different PRRSV status and a generalized linear mixed model: weekly abortions/1000 sows (ABTHS), born-alive rate (BAR), pre-weaning mortality rate (PWMR), and number of weaned piglets per 1000 sows (WPTHS). Results From the 35 monitored farms during a total period of 58 weeks, we collected 49 to 58 weeks of production data and PRRSV classification status for each study farm. This represented a total of 1997 (741 unstable and 1256 stable) weekly data collected that was eligible for the KPI comparative study. PRRSV stability was associated with significant improvement in BAR (+ 1.10 %, p < 0.001), PWMR (-0.88 %, p < 0.002) and WPTHS (+ 24.52, p < 0.0001). Conclusions These results demonstrate for the first time the improved production due to achieving PRRSV stability in breeding herds under field conditions in a European country. Increased number of born-alive piglets and a reduction of piglet pre-weaning mortality represents an increase of 1.28 weaned piglets per sow per year if PRRSV stability was achieved and maintained for one-year period in a breeding farm.

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The association of socio-demographic and environmental factors on childhood diarrhea in Cambodia

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.23246.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

Vong Pisey ◽

Pannee Banchonhattakit

Keyword(s):

Maternal Age ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

One Year

Background: Diarrhea is still the leading cause of childhood death worldwide, as well as a major cause for concern in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to childhood diarrhea in Cambodia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of the secondary data from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014 was conducted using the combination of household data and children’s data. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the determinant factors of childhood diarrhea. Results: The surveys included 2,828 children, aged 12 to 35 months. The prevalence of diarrhea in the last 2 weeks was 16.44% (95% CI: 14.72%-18.31%). Factors with statistically significant associations with childhood diarrhea in Cambodia were: maternal unemployment, compared with being in employment (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.78); the child being male (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.53); the presence of unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.05-1.31) compared with improved toilet facilities; and unhygienic disposal of children’s stools (AOR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.06-1.64) compared with hygienic disposal of children’s stools when controlling for other covariates. Both maternal age (one year older; AOR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78– 0.93) and child age (one month older; AOR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78-0.94) had significant negative associations with the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion: Childhood diarrhea remains a public health concern in Cambodia. The probability of diarrhea occurring is shown to be increased by maternal unemployment, the sex of the child being male, lack of provision of improved toilet facilities, and the unhygienic disposal of children’s stools; whereas increasing maternal age and child’s age were associated with a reduced chance of diarrhea occurring. On the basis of these results, we recommend provision of programs focusing on reducing diarrhea through the construction of improved toilet facilities and the promotion of behavior to improve hygiene, specifically targeting younger mothers.

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Deep Sclerectomy with Goniosynechiolysis Ab Interno for Chronic Glaucoma Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2015/625719 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alireza Mirshahi ◽

Peter Raak ◽

Katharina Ponto ◽

Bernhard Stoffelns ◽

Katrin Lorenz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Covariance Structure ◽

Glaucoma Surgery ◽

Deep Sclerectomy ◽

Chronic Glaucoma ◽

Target Pressure ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year ◽

Ab Interno

Purpose. To report one-year results of phacoemulsification combined with deep sclerectomy and goniosynechiolysis ab interno for chronic glaucoma associated with peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS).Methods. We retrospectively analyzed medical charts of 16 patients (20 eyes) treated by one-site combined phacoemulsification and deep sclerectomy with goniosynechiolysis ab interno. PAS were transected by a spatula introduced into the anterior chamber through a paracentesis. To account for the correlation of right and left eyes a linear mixed model with unstructured covariance structure was calculated.Results. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was20.3±5.2 mmHg with2.4±1.0medications. One year postoperatively, the mean IOP was15.3±3.3 mmHg (P=0.004, pairedt-test) with0.6±1.0medications. A postoperative IOP of ≤21 mmHg without medication was achieved in 17 of 19 eyes (89.5%) and in 12/19 eyes (63.2%) at 3 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. In the remaining eyes (10.5% at 3 months and 36.8% at 12 months), additional medication led to an IOP ≤21 mmHg or the target pressure. No case required further glaucoma surgery. In one eye, conversion of the surgery to trabeculectomy was necessary due to Descemet’s window rupture.Conclusions. With goniosynechiolysis ab interno, effective and safe nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery is possible in presence of PAS.

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The association of socio-demographic and environmental factors on childhood diarrhea in Cambodia

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.23246.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

Vong Pisey ◽

Pannee Banchonhattakit ◽

Wongsa Laohasiriwong

Keyword(s):

Maternal Age ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

One Year

Background:Diarrhea is still the leading cause of childhood death worldwide, as well as a major cause for concern in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to childhood diarrhea in Cambodia. Methods:A cross-sectional study of the secondary data from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014 was conducted using the combined dataset of household data and children’s data. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the determinant factors of childhood diarrhea. Results:The surveys included 2,828 children, aged 12 to 35 months. The prevalence of diarrhea in the last 2 weeks was 16.44% (95% CI: 14.72%-18.31%). Factors with statistically significant associations with childhood diarrhea in Cambodia were: maternal unemployment, compared with being in employment (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.78); the child being male (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.53); the presence of unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.05-1.31) compared with improved toilet facilities; and unhygienic disposal of children’s stools (AOR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.06-1.64) compared with hygienic disposal of children’s stools when controlling for other covariates. Both maternal age (one year older; AOR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78– 0.93) and child age (one month older; AOR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78-0.94) had significant negative associations with the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion:Childhood diarrhea remains a public health concern in Cambodia. The probability of diarrhea occurring is shown to be increased by maternal unemployment, the sex of the child being male, lack of provision of improved toilet facilities, and the unhygienic disposal of children’s stools; whereas increasing maternal age and child’s age were associated with a reduced chance of diarrhea occurring. On the basis of these results, we recommend provision of programs focusing on reducing diarrhea through the construction of improved toilet facilities and the promotion of behavior to improve hygiene, specifically targeting younger mothers.

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PSVI-38 Impact of PRRSV infection during gestation on the protein levels in the blood of piglets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.412 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 200-200

Author(s):

Haley E Rymut ◽

Courtni R Sizemore ◽

Laurie A Rund ◽

Alexandra K Houser ◽

Rodney W Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Random Effect ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Protein Levels

Abstract Costs and productivity losses associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) outbreaks impact the swine industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal immune activation (MIA) from a PRRSV challenge during gestation on the piglet serum concentrations of albumin and globulin, indicators of inflammation or organ damage. Eighteen pregnant Camborough gilts were inoculated with either PRRSV or saline on gestational day 76. After farrowing 106 piglets remained with the gilts until postnatal day (PD) 21. One group of piglets was weaned and group-housed while another group remained with the gilts until PD22. At PD 60, a group of weaned piglets was fasted for one day while the rest was fed to meet nutritional requirements. Serum concentrations of globulin and albumin were measured on PD 22 and 61 and were analyzed using a linear mixed model including the fixed effects of gilt challenge, piglet treatment and sex and the random effect of gilt. On PD 22, albumin was higher in weaned relative to suckled piglets from saline-treated gilts (P < 0.0305). Globulin was higher in weaned relative to suckled piglets (P < 0.0014) and in piglets from PRRSV-treated relative to saline-treated gilts (P < 0.0201). The albumin/globulin ratio was higher in weaned piglets from saline relative to PRRSV-treated gilts (P < 0.0367). On PD 61, albumin was higher in fasted relative to fed piglets (P < 0.0072). Globulin was higher in males relative to females from PRRSV-treated gilts (P < 0.0326), and the albumin/globulin ratio was higher in fasted relative to fed piglets (P < 0.0043). Our results indicate a positive correlation between serum protein concentrations and MIA, weaning or fasting stress that may be indicative of inflammation, organ dysfunction or nutritional imbalance. This study is supported by USDA NIFA AFRI, grant number 2018-67015-27413.

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20 Post-Operative Biologics and the Rate of Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab134.189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

C H Ng ◽

S R Jain ◽

Z G W Ow ◽

W H Lim ◽

H Y Tham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Operative Management ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Significant Challenge ◽

One Year ◽

The One

Abstract Introduction Post-operative recurrence after Crohn’s surgery poses a significant challenge to clinicians with an estimated of 70-90% recurrence rate. However, with the advent of biologics, reduction of recurrence after surgery has been observed in various landmark trials. Hence, we aim to quantify the rate of recurrence with post-operative biologics. Method Searches were done on Embase and Medline database for articles using biologics for post-operative management. A single arm meta-analysis with generalized linear mixed model and Clopper-Pearson method confidence interval was applied in the synthesis of the data on six months, one year, two year and five year. Results A total of 1,864 abstracts were identified, with a final total of 24 articles and 1042 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The one-year rate of recurrence for surgical, endoscopic and clinical was 3.08% (CI: 0.74% - 11.95%), 19.93% (15.81% - 24.81%) and 13.06% (CI: 8.18% - 18.92%) respectively. Correspondingly, the five-year recurrence 16.90% (CI: 9.57% - 28.11%), 84.21% (CI: 72.35% - 91.57%), 5.60% (CI: 9.92% -23.66%) respectively. Conclusions An observed reduction in surgical rates was reduced at five years with post-operative Crohn’s disease with biologics. Biologics therapy thus can be considered as a suitable alternative for reducing post-operative recurrence in individuals with higher risk.

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A Time-Based Meta-Analysis on the Incidence of New Onset Diabetes after Liver Transplantation

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10051045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1045

Author(s):

Yip Han Chin ◽

Hon Qin Marcus Tan ◽

Cheng Han Ng ◽

Darren Jun Hao Tan ◽

Snow Yunni Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Transplant ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Summary Statistics ◽

Important Complication ◽

Onset Diabetes ◽

One Year ◽

New Onset

NODAT (new-onset diabetes after transplantation) is an important complication after liver transplant, however, there is variation in the reported incidence of NODAT. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the incidence of NODAT in liver transplant. Electronic databases were searched for articles regarding NODAT incidence after liver transplantation. Incidence of NODAT were analyzed at six different timepoints. Summary statistics were calculated using a generalized linear mixed model in random effects. 28 articles were included and out of a pooled population of 71,257 patients, overall incidence of NODAT was found to be 15.51%, 16.09%, 18.30%, 20.86%, 18.08%, 25.05% for three-months, six-months, one-year, three-year, five-year, and ten-year timepoints respectively. After a sensitivity analysis which only included articles with clear definitions of NODAT, the incidence of NODAT was found to be higher at three-year (21.79%), five-year (25.82%), and ten-year (44.95%) timepoints. Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity found no significant differences for all timepoints. However, studies with predominantly Asian participants generally had a higher incidence of NODAT. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides a pooled estimate of the incidence of NODAT following liver transplantation. Further studies are required to provide a more comprehensive understanding on how ethnicity can affect the incidence of NODAT.

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Influence of socio-demographic and environmental factors on childhood diarrhea in Cambodia

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.23246.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

Vong Pisey ◽

Pannee Banchonhattakit

Keyword(s):

Maternal Age ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

One Year

Background: Diarrhea is still the leading cause of childhood death worldwide, as well as a major cause for concern in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to childhood diarrhea in Cambodia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the combination of two datasets from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the determinant factors of childhood diarrhea. Results: The surveys included 2,828 children, aged 12 to 35 months. The prevalence of diarrhea was 16.44% (95% CI: 14.72%-18.31%). Factors with statistically significant associations with childhood diarrhea in Cambodia were: maternal unemployment, compared with being in employment (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.78); the child being male (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.53); the presence of unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.05-1.31) compared with improved toilet facilities; and unhygienic disposal of children’s stools (AOR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.06-1.64) compared with hygienic disposal of children’s stools when controlling for other covariates. Both maternal age (one year older; AOR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78– 0.93) and child age (one month older; AOR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78-0.94) had significant negative associations with the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion: Childhood diarrhea remains a public health concern in Cambodia. The probability of diarrhea occurring is shown to be increased by maternal unemployment, the sex of the child being male, lack of provision of improved toilet facilities, and the unhygienic disposal of children’s stools; whereas increasing maternal age and child’s age were associated with a reduced chance of diarrhea occurring. On the basis of these results, we recommend provision of programs focusing on reducing diarrhea through the construction of improved toilet facilities and the promotion of behavior to improve hygiene, specifically targeting younger mothers.

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One-Year Outcomes of a Behavioral Therapy Intervention Trial on Sleep Quality and Cancer-Related Fatigue

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2008.20.8306 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (35) ◽

pp. 6033-6040 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Ann M. Berger ◽

Brett R. Kuhn ◽

Lynne A. Farr ◽

Susanna G. Von Essen ◽

Julie Chamberlain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Mixed Model Analysis ◽

Cancer Related Fatigue ◽

One Year ◽

Intent To Treat ◽

Therapy Intervention ◽

Over Time

PurposeTo determine 1-year outcomes of a four-component behavioral therapy (BT) sleep intervention (Individualized Sleep Promotion Plan [ISPP]) versus a healthy eating control (HEC) on cancer-related fatigue in women receiving breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy treatment (CTX).Patients and MethodsA total of 219 participants from 12 oncology clinics were randomly assigned in a clinical trial. Before CTX, research nurses coached intervention participants to develop a BT plan including stimulus control, modified sleep restriction, relaxation therapy, and sleep hygiene. BT plans were revised before each CTX and 30, 60, and 90 days after the last CTX and reinforced 7 to 9 days later. HEC participants received nutritional information and equal attention. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Daily Diary, Wrist Actigraph, and Piper Fatigue Scale measures and Repeated Linear Mixed Model analysis following the Intent to Treat paradigm were used.ResultsSleep quality differed over 1 years time (F [4,162] = 7.7, P < .001; by group, F [1,173] = 4.8, P = .029; and over time by group, F [4,162] = 3.3, P = .013). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between groups at 90 days (P = .002) but not at 1 year (P = .052). Seven days of diary and actigraphy data did not corroborate with monthly reflections (PSQI). The night awakenings (Actigraph) pattern was significantly different by group over time (P = .046), with no differences between groups at 90 days or at 1 year. Fatigue was lower at 1 year than before CTX; no group effects were found.ConclusionThe BT group, on average, experienced significant improvement on global sleep quality compared with the HEC group, but not on objective sleep or fatigue outcomes.

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Introducing KiVa school-based antibullying programme to the UK: A preliminary examination of effectiveness and programme cost

School Psychology International ◽

10.1177/0143034319841099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 347-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suzy Clarkson ◽

Joanna M. Charles ◽

Christopher W. N. Saville ◽

Gretchen J. Bjornstad ◽

Judy Hutchings

Keyword(s):

Primary Schools ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Programme Implementation ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Rigorous Evaluation ◽

School Based ◽

Preliminary Examination ◽

One Year ◽

The Uk

Bullying is an internationally recognized problem and school-based bullying is particularly pervasive. KiVa is a robustly evidenced school-based antibullying programme developed and evaluated at Turku University, Finland, and subsequently disseminated across Finland. Following a positive UK trial of Unit 2 (for 10- to 12-year-olds), further UK dissemination has taken place. This study presents (a) pupil self-reported levels of victimization and bullying prior to, and after, one year of KiVa implementation (Units 1 and 2) with 7- to 11-year-olds from 41 schools, and (b) programme training and delivery costs. Data from 41 primary schools were analysed using a linear mixed model effects analysis. Results revealed statistically significant reductions in victimization and bullying after one year of programme implementation. Ongoing costs were small, at £2.84 per Key Stage 2 pupil per annum. These promising results highlight the need for further more rigorous evaluation of KiVa in the UK, including the exploration of factors associated with effective implementation, and the importance for educators and policy makers of evaluating both impact and costs when implementing programmes to prevent and reduce bullying.

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