scholarly journals Superconducting energy storage technology-based synthetic inertia system control to enhance frequency dynamic performance in microgrids with high renewable penetration

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaber Magdy ◽  
Abualkasim Bakeer ◽  
Mohammed Alhasheem
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
System Control ◽  
System Frequency

AbstractWith high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in modern power systems, system frequency becomes more prone to fluctuation as RESs do not naturally have inertial properties. A conventional energy storage system (ESS) based on a battery has been used to tackle the shortage in system inertia but has low and short-term power support during the disturbance. To address the issues, this paper proposes a new synthetic inertia control (SIC) design with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system to mimic the necessary inertia power and damping properties in a short time and thereby regulate the microgrid (µG) frequency during disturbances. In addition, system frequency deviation is reduced by employing the proportional-integral (PI) controller with the proposed SIC system. The efficacy of the proposed SIC system is validated by comparison with the conventional ESS and SMES systems without using the PI controller, under various load/renewable perturbations, nonlinearities, and uncertainties. The simulation results highlight that the proposed system with SMES can efficiently manage several disturbances and high system uncertainty compared to the conventional ESS and SMES systems, without using the PI controller.

scholarly journals Flywheel Energy Storage and Dump Load to Control the Active Power Excess in a Wind Diesel Power System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Sebastián ◽  
Rafael Peña-Alzola
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Flywheel Energy Storage ◽  
Excess Power ◽  
System Frequency

Wind Diesel Power Systems (WDPS) are isolated microgrids which combine Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) with Diesel Generators (DGs). The WDPS modelled in this article is composed of a DG, a WTG, consumer load, Dump Load (DL) and a Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS). In the Wind-Diesel (WD) mode both the DG and WTG supply power to the consumers. The WDPS is simulated in the WD mode in the case that the WTG produced power exceeds the load consumption. This WTG excess power case is simulated in the subcases of DL and FESS turned off, only-DL and only-FESS. Simulations for the DL and FESS-off case show that the WTG excess power leads to a continuous system frequency increase, so that the tripping of the WTG Circuit Breaker (CB) is required to guarantee the WDPS power supply continuity. Simulations for the only-DL/only-FESS cases show that commanding the DL/FESS to consume controlled power, so that the required DG power to balance the system active power is positive, enables the DE speed governor to regulate the system frequency. Furthermore, the frequency and voltage variations in the DL/FESS cases are moderate and there is no need to trip the WTG-CB, so that the WDPS reliability and power quality are greatly improved. Additionally, the only-FESS case obtains better WDPS relative stability than the only-DL case.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Non-Interconnected Systems under High-RES Penetration: The Madeira Island Case

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5786
Author(s):  
Stefanos Ntomalis ◽  
Petros Iliadis ◽  
Konstantinos Atsonios ◽  
Athanasios Nesiadis ◽  
Nikos Nikolopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Flywheel Energy Storage System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Battery Energy

The defossilization of power generation is a prerequisite goal in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transit for a sustainable economy. Achieving this goal requires increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar and wind power. The gradual shrinking of conventional generation units in an energy map introduces new challenges to the stability of power systems as there is a considerable reduction of stored rotational energy in the synchronous generators (SGs) and the capability to control their power output, which has been taken for granted until today. Inertia and primary reserve reduction have a substantial effect on the ability of the power system to maintain its security and self-resilience during contingency events. Such issues become more evident in the case of non-interconnected islands (NII) as they have unique features associated with their small size and low inertia. The present study examines in depth the NII system of Madeira, which is composed of thermal, hydro, solid-waste, wind and solar generation units, and additional RES integration is planned for the near future. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations are performed for both the current and future states of the system, including the installation of planned variable RES capacities. To alleviate the stability issues that occurred in the high-RES scenario, the introduction of a utility-scale battery energy storage system (BESS), capable of mitigating the active power imbalance due to the power system’s disturbances resultant of RES penetration, is examined. In addition, a comparison between a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and BESS is shortly investigated. The grid has been modeled and simulated utilizing the open-source, object-oriented modeling language Modelica. The dynamic simulation results proved that battery storage is a promising technology that can be a solution for transitioning to a sustainable power system, maintaining its self-resilience under severe disturbances such as rapid load changes, the tripping of generation units and short-circuits.

scholarly journals Review of modeling and control strategy of thermostatically controlled loads for virtual energy storage system

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Xie ◽  
Hongxun Hui ◽  
Yi Ding
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Thermostatically Controlled Loads ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) brings more power generation fluctuations into power systems, which puts forward higher requirement on the regulation capacities for maintaining the power balance between supply and demand. In addition to traditional generators for providing regulation capacities, the progressed information and communication technologies enable an alternative method by controlling flexible loads, especially thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) for regulation services. This paper investigates the modeling and control strategies of aggregated TCLs as the virtual energy storage system (VESS) for demand response. First, TCLs are modeled as VESSs and compared with the traditional energy storage system (ESS) to analyze their characteristic differences. Then, the control strategies of VESS are investigated in microgrid and main grid aspects, respectively. It shows that VESS control strategies can play important roles in frequency regulation and voltage regulation for power systems’ stability. Finally, future research directions of VESS are prospected, including the schedulable potential evaluation, modeling of TCLs, hierarchical control strategies of VESS considering ESSs and RESs and reliability and fast response in frequency control for VESS.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Integrating SMES and Battery Storage Systems with Renewable DC-bus Microgrids: A Comparison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotb M. Kotb ◽  
Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy ◽  
András Dán
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Storage Technologies

The presence of renewable energy sources in hybrid renewable energy systems is considered a significant challenge since the generation mainly depends on meteorological conditions. Hence, employing a robust and flexible energy storage system is, therefore, a crucial solution in such circumstances. This paper investigates the performance evaluation of both batteries and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems integrated with hybrid solar-wind DC-bus microgrid. The study focuses on enhancing the system stability using both storage technologies during normal and extreme renewables instabilities like wind gusts and shadows, and sudden load variations. Moreover, the load voltage/frequency were preserved constant during the distinct instabilities using the inverter control system. Productive findings showed the superior performance of utilizing the SMES over the batteries and its potential to enhance the system power-quality.

Enhanced load frequency control response with integration of supervisory controlled superconducting magnetic energy storage system in wind-penetrated two-area power system

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Zahid Nabi Dar ◽  
MD Mufti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Energy Storage Unit ◽  
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage ◽  
Magnetic Energy Storage

This work concentrates on the integration of superconducting magnetic energy storage system with wind-penetrated two-area power systems. Each area is incorporated with a superconducting magnetic energy storage unit. The superconducting magnetic energy storage unit is controlled using an adaptive predictive control strategy, which takes care of constraints on converter power rating of superconducting magnetic energy storage unit. The proposed scheme is tested by carrying out simulation experiments in MATLAB and Simulink environment. The simulation results demonstrate the improvement in frequency and tie-power oscillations. In addition, the control objectives related to superconducting magnetic energy storage unit are also depicted.

Modeling an Energy Storage System Based on a Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Stand-alone Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2641-2645
Author(s):  
Alexandru Ciocan ◽  
Ovidiu Mihai Balan ◽  
Mihaela Ramona Buga ◽  
Tudor Prisecaru ◽  
Mohand Tazerout
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System

The current paper presents an energy storage system that stores the excessive energy, provided by a hybrid system of renewable energy sources, in the form of compressed air and thermal heat. Using energy storage systems together with renewable energy sources represents a major challenge that could ensure the transition to a viable economic future and a decarbonized economy. Thermodynamic calculations are conducted to investigate the performance of such systems by using Matlab simulation tools. The results indicate the values of primary and global efficiencies for various operating scenarios for the energy storage systems which use compressed air as medium storage, and shows that these could be very effective systems, proving the possibility to supply to the final user three types of energy: electricity, heat and cold function of his needs.

scholarly journals Optimal Placement and Sizing of an Energy Storage System Using a Power Sensitivity Analysis in a Practical Stand-Alone Microgrid

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Dongmin Kim ◽  
Kipo Yoon ◽  
Soo Hyoung Lee ◽  
Jung-Wook Park
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The energy storage system (ESS) is developing into a very important element for the stable operation of power systems. An ESS is characterized by rapid control, free charging, and discharging. Because of these characteristics, it can efficiently respond to sudden events that affect the power system and can help to resolve congested lines caused by the excessive output of distributed generators (DGs) using renewable energy sources (RESs). In order to efficiently and economically install new ESSs in the power system, the following two factors must be considered: the optimal installation placements and the optimal sizes of ESSs. Many studies have explored the optimal installation placement and the sizing of ESSs by using analytical approaches, mathematical optimization techniques, and artificial intelligence. This paper presents an algorithm to determine the optimal installation placement and sizing of ESSs for a virtual multi-slack (VMS) operation based on a power sensitivity analysis in a stand-alone microgrid. Through the proposed algorithm, the optimal installation placement can be determined by a simple calculation based on a power sensitivity matrix, and the optimal sizing of the ESS for the determined placement can be obtained at the same time. The algorithm is verified through several case studies in a stand-alone microgrid based on practical power system data. The results of the proposed algorithm show that installing ESSs in the optimal placement could improve the voltage stability of the microgrid. The sizing of the newly installed ESS was also properly determined.

scholarly journals The cost-effectiveness of an energy storage system using hydrogen and underground gas storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 01007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lepszy
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Random Nature

Due to the random nature of the production, the use of renewable energy sources requires the use of technologies that allow adjustment of electricity production to demand. One of the ways that enable this task is the use of energy storage systems. The article focuses on the analysis of the cost-effectiveness of energy storage from the grid. In particular, the technology was evaluated using underground hydrogen storage generated in electrolysers. Economic analyzes use historical data from the Polish energy market. The obtained results illustrate, among other things, the proportions between the main technology modules selected optimally in technical and economic terms.

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