Violence and sociodemographic related factors among a sample of Egyptian women during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background Violence against women is a worldwide problem that affects different social and economic classes, and this violence has almost increased with pandemics as the COVID-19 pandemic. The present survey aimed to assess the prevalence of violence against women in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the relationship between sociodemographic factors and violence exposure. A total of 509 women were recruited using a self-completion e-form questionnaire. Results The prevalence of violence experienced by women was (43.8%); the most common type was the emotional representing (96.0%) of exposed women, while sexual violence was the least common (13.5%). Violence exposure was affected significantly by residence governorates, husbands’ working status, reduced husbands’ working hours, and history of violence exposure. Conclusions Violence against women in Egypt was increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, which raises the need for a strong and urgent anti-violence program to control this problem.

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The Conquest of Death

10.12987/yale/9780300217063.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew Lockwood

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

State Formation ◽

New Approach ◽

Original Intent ◽

History Of ◽

Legislative Policy ◽

History Of Violence ◽

The Creation ◽

State Growth ◽

The Relationship

The Conquest of Death considers the concepts of violence and state power far more broadly and holistically than previous accounts of state growth by intertwining the national and the local, the formal and the informal to illustrate how the management of incidental acts of violence and justice was as important to the monopolization of violence as the creation of the machinery of warfare. It reveals how the creation and operation of everyday bureaucracy built systems of power far exceeding its original intent and allowed a greater centralized surveillance of daily life than ever before. In sum, this book forces us to think about state formation not in terms of the broad strokes of legislative policy and international competition, but rather as a process built by multiple tiny actions, interactions and encroachments which fundamentally redefined the nature of the state and the relationship between government and governed. The Conquest of Death thus provides a new approach to the history of state formation, the history of criminal justice and the history of violence in early modern England. By locating the creation of an effective, permanent monopoly of violence in England in the second-half of the sixteenth century, this book also provides a new chronology of the divide between medieval and modern while divorcing the history of state growth from a linear history of centralization.

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Jealousy and anxiety in male domestic abusers: A comparative study

Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) ◽

10.1590/1982-0275201936e180026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

Author(s):

Sidnei Rinaldo PRIOLO FILHO ◽

Ricardo da Costa PADOVANI ◽

Lucia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque WILLIAMS

Keyword(s):

Partner Violence ◽

Family Of Origin ◽

Economic Status ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Future Studies ◽

Romantic Jealousy ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between partner’s jealousy and the anxiety level presented by male domestic abusers, comparing these variables with men of similar age, socio-economic status, and educational level, without a history of domestic violence. The sample consisted of 20 male abusers and 20 men without a history of violence towards their partner. A Batterer Semi-Structured Interview on Family of Origin; the Romantic Jealousy Scale; and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used as instruments. The groups did not differ statistically regarding age, education, and income; however, they were statistically different regarding the variables jealousy and anxiety levels. Abusers presented higher scores on jealousy and anxiety than non-abusers It is suggested that jealousy combined with anxiety may contribute to intimate partner violence. Future studies could further investigate this possibility using larger samples.

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Outcomes of pregnancy in Egyptian women with multiple sclerosis in the new treatment era: a multi-center retrospective observational study

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1186/s41983-021-00386-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Mahmoud Ahmed ◽

Mohamed Al-Bahay M. G. Reda ◽

Ahmed Hassan Elsheshiny

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Observational Study ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Retrospective Observational Study ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Early Postpartum ◽

Egyptian Women ◽

History Of ◽

New Treatment ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Pregnancy is a recent growing issue in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the update in the diagnostic criteria of MS and introduction of many disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may cause changes in the relationship between MS, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pregnancy and breastfeeding on MS and vice versa. A retrospective observational study was conducted to include MS women with a history of at least one pregnancy during the last 7 years. Data were collected from the archived files in addition to a self-administrating questionnaire. The annualized relapsing rate (ARR) was calculated before, during, and after pregnancy. Results We included 116 successful pregnancies from 93 MS women with mean age 32.74 ± 5.12 years. Interferon-beta was the commonly used DMT during and after pregnancy. Despite the ARR during the two years preceding the conception was 0.36 (95% CI 0.32–0.41), this rate was significantly decreased during first, second, and third trimester (0.07; 95% CI 0.04–0.15, 0.10; 95% CI 0.03–0.17, and 0.15; 95% CI 0.08–0.24, respectively; P-value < 0.001 in all). Furthermore, this ARR was significantly decreased during the first and last three months after delivery (0.27; 95% CI 0.16–0.39; P-value = 0.037, and 0.24; 95% CI 0.17–0.38; P-value = 0.023). Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with deceased risk of postpartum relapse, with HR 0.31 (95% CI 0.12–0.67; P = 0.002). Conclusions Pregnancy is protective from MS relapse, with a significant decrease of ARR from the pre-pregnancy period. Postpartum reactivation of the disease occurs from the third month after labor, rather than the early postpartum period. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 2 months decreased the risk of postpartum relapse.

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How Exceptional Is the History of Violence and Criminal Justice in the United States? Variation across Time and Space as the Keys to Understanding Homicide and Punitiveness

10.1093/oso/9780190203542.003.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Randolph Roth

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

American Exceptionalism ◽

The United States ◽

Historical Research ◽

Complex Issue ◽

Long Span ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence ◽

The Relationship

This chapter contends that American exceptionalism is a far more complex issue than it initially appears. Which nations are exceptional? When, and in what ways? Once the question of exceptionalism is asked over a long span of time, its answer is almost always fluid and complicated. Hence, the chapter turns to comparative historical research in isolating the most important causes of incidents like homicide and punitive penal policies, by showing that those causes recur again and again in the presence of certain phenomena. It asserts that history shows that the relationship between crime and punitiveness is far from simple.

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Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae) as Indicators of pH in Sudbury, Ontario, Lakes

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f88-165 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 1411-1421 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sushil S. Dixit ◽

Aruna S. Dixit ◽

R. Douglas Evans

Keyword(s):

Lake Water ◽

Ph Indicator ◽

Related Factors ◽

Scaled Chrysophytes ◽

Calibration Equation ◽

Water Ph ◽

History Of ◽

Inferred Ph ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Surface sediment chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae) of 30 Sudbury, Ontario, lakes were analyzed to investigate the relationship of these algal microfossils with the limnological characteristics of the study lakes. The distribution of the majority of common chrysophyte taxa is correlated closely with lake water pH, pH-related factors, or both. Chrysodidymus synuroideus, Synura echinulata, Mallomonas hamata, M. acaroides var. muskokana, and Chrysosphaerella longispina appear to be indicators of strongly to moderately acidic waters whereas M. pseudocoronata and M. caudata are indicators of circumneutral to alkaline waters. Using multiple regression of pH indicator chrysophyte assemblages against the measured lake pH, a calibration equation was developed to compute chrysophyte-inferred pH. Chrysophyte-inferred pH values were closely related with measured lake water pH (r2 = 0.74). The study indicates that in the absence of historical pH data, stratigraphic analysis of scaled chrysophytes would provide useful information about the history of lake acidification in the Sudbury area. There is some indication that high metal concentrations, in addition to pH, may influence chrysophycean species distribution in acidic lakes.

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Stalking by Former Intimates: Verbal Threats and Other Predictors of Physical Violence

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.15.1.41 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 41-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Mary P. Brewster

Keyword(s):

Physical Violence ◽

Physical Injury ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Phone Calls ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence ◽

Stalking Victims ◽

Drug And Alcohol ◽

The Relationship

Scant empirical research has been conducted on the relationship between threats and violence. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the link between verbal threats of violence and actual physical violence against former intimate victims of stalking. The researcher interviewed 187 female former intimate stalking victims, asking respondents about various characteristics of their experiences. Responses to questions pertaining to threats; history of violence; stalkers’ drug and alcohol use; frequency of phone calls, “following,” and letters during stalking; and victims’ age and education were analyzed as possible predictors of three violence-related dependent variables: (a) whether or not violence occurred, (b) the number of violent incidents during stalking, and (c) physical injury during stalking. The results of linear and logistic regression models reveal that, regardless of the measure of violence, there is an independent, moderate, and statistically significant correlation between verbal threats and subsequent violence. Regression coefficients for drug abuse and alcohol abuse were also statistically significant, but only in predicting physical injury during stalking.

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The Relationship Between Affecting The Anger and Aggression Which Emotion and Thoughts in University Students

Journal of Academic Research in Nursing ◽

10.5222/jaren.2020.95867 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seda Yörük

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence ◽

The Mean ◽

Verbal Violence ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between emotions, thoughts with anger and aggression. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Vocational School of a university. A total of 238 students participated in this study. The data collection tools of the study are sociodemographic data form, Buss-Perry aggression scale, trait anger and anger expression style scales. The study of descriptive statistical results of data were calculated with arithmetic mean, standard deviation, number, percentage. In determining the factors affecting the average of aggression and anger score were calculated independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal Wallis variance analysis. In the analysis, the obtained p value less than 0.05 was accepted as significant difference. Results: The smoking, family income, family verbal violence and family history of violence were found to be significant in predicting the anger score. The mean scores of anger subscale scores were significantly higher in the students who had high risk taking behaviors, who did not understand her and who did not agree and disagreed, thought that who thinks life is meaningless and looking hopeless for the future that students (p <0.016). The mean score of physical aggression was significantly higher in male students (p <0.0001). The scores of aggression subscale scores were significantly higher in the students who were smoking, had verbal violence between their parents, had a childhood history of violence, their parents had been violent in childhood, had a history of aggressive behavior, and who reported depressive mood in the last year (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, ıt was found that anger and aggression were found to be high and risky behaviors along with family and friend relationships were an important in young people.

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Violence suffered by women before her incarceration: Integrative literature review

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1860 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s906-s907

Author(s):

E. Scherer ◽

Z. Scherer ◽

F. Pessoa ◽

N.P. Scherer

Keyword(s):

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

History Of ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

History Of Violence ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Effects Of Violence ◽

Biological Differences

IntroductionThe complex phenomenon of violence against women is determined by gender relations that, from a historical and social construction of female and male, and the biological differences which gives unequal power between men and women. This results in increased vulnerability of women, exposing them to physical, psychological and sexual violence. The history of violence in the early life of trapped women can contribute to their involvement in crimes and misdemeanors.ObjectiveTo review the production of national and international scientific knowledge about the effects of violence on women's health before her incarceration.AimsMeet the publications about the consequences of violence on women's health before she was imprisoned.MethodIntegrative review of scientific literature to answer: “What are the implications of violence on women's health before their incarceration?” Studies of the last 5 years delimited in the databases LILACS, PUBMED and PsycInfo. Selected primary studies with women incarcerated people over 18 years, in Portuguese, English and Spanish language. Excluded studies that addressed violence inside the prison and wife as perp. An instrument for identification of studies and their categorization was used.ResultsSixteen selected articles that have addressed the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, drug abuse, sexual abuse and re-victimization (where the abuser was usually a family member or intimate partner).ConclusionThere is a lack of a specific instrument to investigate the occurrence of violence against women before being arrested. Scientific and policy initiatives are required to develop specific intervention strategies for women incarcerated victimized before prison.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Understanding Violence against Women Irregular Migrants Who Arrive in Spain in Small Boats

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare8030299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 299

Author(s):

María del Mar Jiménez-Lasserrotte ◽

Esperanza López-Domene ◽

José Manuel Hernández-Padilla ◽

Cayetano Fernández-Sola ◽

Isabel María Fernández-Medina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Sexual Aggression ◽

Vulnerable Group ◽

Irregular Migrants ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence ◽

Depth Interviews

African irregular migrants risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea in small boats hoping to reach Europe. Women irregular migrants (WIMs) are an especially vulnerable group that suffer from violence and sexual aggression, but little is known about their actual experiences. The objective of our study is to describe and understand the violence against WIMs who arrive in Spain in small boats. A qualitative study based on Gadamer’s phenomenology was used. The data collection included twenty-six in-depth interviews with WIMs. Three main themes arose: “Poverty and discrimination push WIMs into migrating”; “WIMs as a paradigm of extreme vulnerability”, and “WIMs in small boats should raise the alarm”. WIMs who arrive to Europe in small boats have a history of violence, rape, prostitution, forced pregnancy, and human trafficking. Emergency care must include gynecological examinations and must make detecting sexual violence and human trafficking of WIMs part of their care protocols.

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Relationship between Fall History and Self-Perceived Motor Fitness in Community-Dwelling People: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9113649 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 3649

Author(s):

Katsushi Yokoi ◽

Nobuyuki Miyai ◽

Miyoko Utsumi ◽

Sonomi Hattori ◽

Shigeki Kurasawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fall Risk Factor ◽

Motor Fitness ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

History of falling is an important fall risk factor. If a relationship between fall history and self-perceived motor fitness could be established, then treating it as a correctable risk of re-fall due to falls may be possible. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the relationship between fall history and self-perceived motor fitness in daily life among 670 community-dwelling people (mean age 62.0 ± 9.6 years, 277 men and 393 women) who had participated in health examinations. They completed a self-administered questionnaire that asked about their history of single or multiple falls and included a 14-item motor fitness scale. The responses were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that in both younger and older (<65 years) subjects, a history of single or multiple falls was associated with a negative response to “being able to put on socks, pants or a skirt while standing without support”. For subjects ≥65 years, an association was also observed with “shortness of breath when climbing stairs”. Self-perceived motor fitness related to fall history can easily be noticed by an individual and may help them become aware of fall-related factors earlier in everyday life.

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