scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of bacterial endophytes from Chirata (Swertia chirata Wall.) and Datura (Datura stramonium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimashree Devi ◽  
Tankeswar Nath ◽  
Rashmi Rekha Boruah ◽  
Bishya Darphang ◽  
Pranab Kumar Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Swertia Chirata ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Abstract Background Exploration of biocides in microbial system becomes increasingly interesting. Among the different microbial systems, the study of endophytes becomes an important field of research because of their agricultural as well as pharmaceutical importance. Bacterial endophytes from two medicinal plants from North Easter states of India had been studied for their potential antibacterial and antifungal properties. Results Bacterial endophytes from two medicinal plant species abundantly available in North Eastern states of India, Chirata (Swertia chirata) and Datura (Datura stramonium), had been isolated and studied for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Six bacterial endophytes were isolated from Chirata and 5 from Datura. All these bacterial isolates were initially isolated by observing their colony morphology, and then 9 morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were identified at molecular level by their 16s rRNA sequencing. Among the identified isolates, 5 were found to be belonged to genus Staphylococcus, 2 Bacillus, and one each belonged to Rhodococcus and Cupriavidus. Antibacterial study was carried out against 2 plant pathogenic bacteria, viz., Xanthomonas oryzae and Ralstonia solanacearum. Antifungal study was carried out against 2 plant pathogenic fungi, viz., Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. Out of 6 bacterial isolates from Chirata, one showed antibacterial as well as antifungal properties, and another one showed antifungal properties only. Likewise, out of 5 bacterial isolates from Datura, one found to have both antibacterial and antifungal properties, and another one has only antifungal properties. Conclusion Few bacterial endophytes isolated from S. chirata and D. stramonium L., abundantly available in North Eastern part of India, had potential antibacterial as well as antifungal properties. This could be considered as the baseline information on potential antibacterial and antifungal agents from bacterial endophytes. Further investigations are required to assess their efficacy against several other bacterial and fungal diseases of economic importance.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera stem bark

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Laila Zerin ◽  
MN Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride extracts of Moringa oleifera stem bark were studied for their antimicrobial activities against eleven human pathogenic bacteria (Shigella dysenteriae, S. sonnei, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae) and four human pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. ustus and Candida albicans) using disc diffusion and poisoned food method, respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the pathogens tested. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (21 mm in diameter with 2000 mg/disc extract) against S. sonnei. The highest inhibition of fungal radial mycelial growth (52. 00% with 100 mg extract/ml medium) was recorded against C. albicans with ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the lowest MIC (750 mg/ml) against B. megaterium, S. dysenteriae, V. cholerae and E. coli. For fungi, the lowest MIC was 500 mg/ml against C. albicans with crude extract of ethyl acetate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13411 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):109-117, 2008

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity Analysis of Essential Oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa Das ◽  
Shoma Dutta ◽  
Jaripa Begum ◽  
Md Nural Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, also known as Patchouli oil was subjected for its antimicrobial investigation against a panel of ten human pathogenic bacteria and six human pathogenic fungi by Agar well diffusion method and Macrobroth dilution technique using Ampicillin (20ìg/well) and Nystatin (20ìg/well) as control. Antibacterial activity revealed that, the essential oil was more active against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria. The largest zone of inhibition was 35 mm (against Bacillus cereus) with 20 ìl of oil. Ditermination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) showed that, Bacillus cereus exhibited the lowest MIC (250 ìg/ml) and MBC (750 ìg/ml). The oil showed moderate antifungal activity against all tested organisms. Candida albicans showed greater zone of inhibition (16 mm) than Saccharomyces cerevisiae (14 mm) with 20 ìl and Candida albicans showed lowest MIC and MFC (both were 750 ìg/ml). The zone of inhibition was 25 mm for each filamentous fungal strain with 20 ìl, except for Rhizopus oligosporus (15 mm) and the lowest MIC (250 ìg/ml) and MFC (500 ìg/ml) were reported for Aspergillus fumigatus.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 7-10

Antibacterial and antifungal two phenolic sesquiterpenes from Dysoxylum densiflorum

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ni Komang T. Dharmayani ◽  
Tsuyoshi Yoshimura ◽  
Elvira Hermawati ◽  
Lia D. Juliawaty ◽  
Yana M. Syah
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Dysoxylum Densiflorum

AbstractA new phenolic sesquiterpene, dysoxyphenol (1), and the known sesquiterpene, 7R,10S-2-hydroxycalamenene (2), were isolated from the acetone extract of Dysoxylum densiflorum seeds. The structures of these compounds were determined based on physical, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and mass spectral data. Both compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal properties against seven pathogenic bacteria and two wood-rotting fungi, respectively. The results showed that both compounds have significant antibacterial properties only against Bacillus subtilis (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 28 μM), while in the antifungal evaluation compound 1 was found to be more active than compound 2. Therefore, compound 1 has promising antifungal properties that can be developed further for finding new antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Biological activities of isolated compounds from vitex negundo leaf

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
NY Chowdhury ◽  
W Islam ◽  
M Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Context: Viyex negundo Linn. (Verbenaceae) is a beautiful tree which is an erect, large aromatic shrub with quadrangular branchlets possess pesticidal, antibacterial and antifungal properties.   Objective: To determine the biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, brine shrimp lethality bioassay) of the two isolated compounds from methanolic leaf extract.   Materials and Methods: Powdered leaves of nishinda were extracted with methanol using Soxhlet’s apparatus and subsequent analyses isolated two compounds. Five gram-positive, eight Gram-negative bacterial strains were used for the antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion assay method. The antifungal activities of the isolated compounds were also performed on four pathogenic fungi. Each pure compound was dissolved in 200 μl of methanol to get a concentration 300 μg/10 μl. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations were determined by serial dilution technique. For brineshrimp bioassay each compound and standard amphicilin trihydrate were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide to get a five concentrations. Each concentration contained three vials consisting of 10 nauplii in 5 ml of treated sea water. The number of survived nauplii were counted after 24 h and the LD50 values were calculated.   Results: The zone of inhibition was prominent for the control (kanamycin) at concentration of 30 μg/disc. At 100 μg/disc Compound 1 exhibited bigger and more prominent clear zone of growth inhibition in all test microorganisms except Shigella shiga. On the contrary, Compound 2 at 100 μg/disc, showed clear zone of inhibition in all bacteria, but inhibition of zones were larger in Compound 1 than Compound 2. Antimicrobial effect of Compound 2 tested on different pathogenic bacteria (MIC 128 μg/ml) and fungi showed that it possesses growth inhibitory effect at various concentrations. MIC of Compound 1 for B. subtilis, S. aureus and S. B-haemolyticus was 64 μg/ml, whereas for P. aeruginosa it was 128 μg/ml (Table 2). MIC of Compound 2 was 128 μg/ml for B. subtilis, S.-β-haemolyticus and P. aeruginosa whereas it was 64 μg/ml for S. aureus. No fungal activity was observed for Compound 1. Clear inhibition zone was observed for Compound 2 at both concentrations for all of the pathogenic fungi tested. At 100 μg/disc Compound 2 exhibited bigger and prominent clear zone than 50 μg/disc.. Brine shrimp bioassay showed the toxic effect of the both the compounds.   Conclusion: The findings indicate promising antibacterial and antifungal activities of V. negundo against life treating pathogens which appears to be an effective material for development of antimicrobial drugs and ecofriendly biopesticides.   Keywords: Vitex negundo; Antimicrobial; MIC; bacteria; phytochemical; medicinal plant activity; brineshrimp DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8776 JBS 2010; 18(0): 53-59

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts obtained from Chaetocarpus castanocarpus Roxb Thw. against human pathogens

2013 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Sujan Dey ◽  
Md Shafiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

An attempt was made to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and ethyl alcohol extracts from Chaetocarpus castanocarpus against ten human pathogenic bacteria viz., Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae and three human pathogenic fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, and A. ustus using disc diffusion and poisoned food method respectively. The chloroform and ethyl alcohol extracts showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested organisms. The crude extract of chloroform exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (26 mm in diameter with 2000 mg/disc extract) against S. dysenteriae. In case of fungi, the highest percentage of inhibition (42.5.0% with 100 mg/ml medium) was recorded against A. ustus. The MICs were determined by broth macrodilution method. The lowest MIC (750 mg/ml) was recorded against B. megaterium towards chloroform and ethanol extract, and V. cholerae towards chloroform extract. In case of fungi, chloroform and ethanol extract exhibited the lowest MIC (2000 mg/ml) against A. ustus, and chloroform extract against A. niger. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v4i1.13389 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 4(1&2):83-90, 2009

scholarly journals Rauwolfia tetraphylla mediated synthesis of herbal nano powders by ball milling and GC-MS analysis, evaluation of their antimicrobial activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 967-977
Author(s):  
Vasa Padmaja ◽  
Gorrepati Rosaiah ◽  
Kakumanu Babu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of biological applications of nanoparticles is of immense importance in recent years in the field of Nanotechnology. Due to increasing demand of nanoparticle synthesis from medicinal plants now a days, in the present study, it is aimed to produce bio compatible, non-toxic, homogenous nanopowders by Ball milling, one of the top-down approaches from root, stem and leaf of Rauwolfia tetraphylla, an important medicinal plant of Apocynaceae. Rauwolfia tetraphylla L., an endangered species, is rich in various phytochemicals and often used as a substitute of Rauwolfia serpentina and therefore aimed to produce nanopowders from different parts of this plant. These biosynthesized nanopowders were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Further bioactive components of root, stem and leaf nanopowders were analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS), and different compounds were identified by comparison of GC-MS spectrum with library searches. Methanolic root, stem and leaf nanopowders were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Antibacterial activity was assessed against human pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Vibrio parahemolyticus. Human pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Mucor hiemalis were selected for evaluating antifungal activity. The present study confirms the good antibacterial and antifungal activity of Rauwolfia tetraphylla synthesized nanopowders. As GC-MS analysis revealed different phytoconstituents, other pharmacological activities need to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Diversity and Biocontrol Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Halophytes from the West Aral Sea Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Jinbiao Ma ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Yin Huang ◽  
Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens

Endophytes associated with halophytes may contribute to the host’s adaptation to adverse environmental conditions through improving their stress tolerance and protecting them from various soil-borne pathogens. In this study, the diversity and antifungal activity of endophytic bacteria associated with halophytic samples growing on the shore of the western Aral Sea in Uzbekistan were investigated. The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the nine halophytic samples by using the culture-dependent method and identified according to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The screening of endophytic bacterial isolates with the ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi was completed by the plate confrontation method. A total of 289 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the nine halophytes, and they belong to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The predominant genera of the isolated endophytic bacteria were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces, accounting for 38.5%, 24.7%, and 12.5% of the total number of isolates, respectively. The comparative analysis indicated that the isolation effect was better for the sample S8, with the highest diversity and richness indices. The diversity index of the sample S7 was the lowest, while the richness index of samples S5 and S6 was the lowest. By comparing the isolation effect of 12 different media, it was found that the M7 medium had the best performance for isolating endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes in the western Aral Sea Basin. In addition, the results showed that only a few isolates have the ability to produce ex-enzymes, and eight and four endophytic bacterial isolates exhibited significant inhibition to the growth of Valsa mali and Verticillium dahlia, respectively. The results of this study indicated that halophytes are an important source for the selection of microbes that may protect plant from soil-borne pathogens.

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