scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts obtained from Chaetocarpus castanocarpus Roxb Thw. against human pathogens

2013 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Sujan Dey ◽  
Md Shafiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

An attempt was made to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and ethyl alcohol extracts from Chaetocarpus castanocarpus against ten human pathogenic bacteria viz., Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae and three human pathogenic fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, and A. ustus using disc diffusion and poisoned food method respectively. The chloroform and ethyl alcohol extracts showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested organisms. The crude extract of chloroform exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (26 mm in diameter with 2000 mg/disc extract) against S. dysenteriae. In case of fungi, the highest percentage of inhibition (42.5.0% with 100 mg/ml medium) was recorded against A. ustus. The MICs were determined by broth macrodilution method. The lowest MIC (750 mg/ml) was recorded against B. megaterium towards chloroform and ethanol extract, and V. cholerae towards chloroform extract. In case of fungi, chloroform and ethanol extract exhibited the lowest MIC (2000 mg/ml) against A. ustus, and chloroform extract against A. niger. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v4i1.13389 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 4(1&2):83-90, 2009

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

Bioactivity of Some Natural and Semisynthetic Coumarin Derived Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Yasser Fakri Mustafa ◽  
Moath Kahtan Bashir ◽  
Mahmood Khudhayer Oglah ◽  
Raghad Riyadh Khalil ◽  
Eman Tareq Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Free Hydroxyl ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Diffusion Assay

A couple of natural coumarins was identified in the seeds of two apples’ cultivars commonly known as Granny Smith and Red Delicious. The effect of the phenolic hydroxyl moieties found in these products was evaluated on the bioactivity. This evaluation included the structural alteration of these moieties into less hydrophilic ones to explore the significance of the parent moieties on the biological activity. The investigated biopotentials were antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. The antioxidant potential was investigated by detecting the ability of the natural and semisynthetic coumarins to trap the free hydroxyl and DPPH radicals. The antiproliferative potential was assessed via an MTT-depended assay versus eight cancerous-cell lines, included HeLa, SK-OV-3, AR42J, MCF-7, AB12, KYSE-30, LC540, and AMN3. The antibacterial potential was tested versus six common pathogenic bacterial strains via a well-defined disc diffusion assay. These pathogens were Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Shigella dysenteriae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antifungal potential was also screened by utilizing a similar microbiological technique versus three pathogenic fungi, involved Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. It is concluded that the investigated chemical moiety has a positive influence on the antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of the natural derivatives, and a negative one on their antibacterial and antifungal potentials.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial evaluation of methyl 4-O-Acetyl-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside derivatives

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Mohammed M Matin ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim ◽  
Md Shafiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

A number of 2,3-di-O-acyl derivatives (6-11) of methyl 4-O-acetyl-a-Lrhamnopyranoside (5) obtained by using various acylating agents were screened for in vitro antifungal activity against four plant pathogenic fungi, viz., Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata. Fusarium equiseti and Macrophomina phaseolina. These compounds were also screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against ten human pathogenic bacteria, viz., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, INABA ET (Vibrio), Pseudomonas species, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi. The study reveal that these 4-O-acetyl-?-L-rhamnopyranoside derivatives are more prone towards antifungal activities than that of antibacterial activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13404 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):33-43, 2008

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera stem bark

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Laila Zerin ◽  
MN Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride extracts of Moringa oleifera stem bark were studied for their antimicrobial activities against eleven human pathogenic bacteria (Shigella dysenteriae, S. sonnei, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae) and four human pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. ustus and Candida albicans) using disc diffusion and poisoned food method, respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the pathogens tested. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (21 mm in diameter with 2000 mg/disc extract) against S. sonnei. The highest inhibition of fungal radial mycelial growth (52. 00% with 100 mg extract/ml medium) was recorded against C. albicans with ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the lowest MIC (750 mg/ml) against B. megaterium, S. dysenteriae, V. cholerae and E. coli. For fungi, the lowest MIC was 500 mg/ml against C. albicans with crude extract of ethyl acetate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13411 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):109-117, 2008

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Evaluation of Chloroflavones

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahim ◽  
M. M. H. Bhuiyan ◽  
M. M. Matin ◽  
M. R. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Two chloroflavones, 6 and 7 along with their corresponding chalcones, 4 and 5 have been tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against six human pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus cereus (G+), Staphylococcus aureus (G+), Escherichia coli (G-), Vibrio choloriae (G-), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-), and Salmonella typhi (G-), and four plant as well as mold fungi viz. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus spp.. The antibacterial and antifungal screens of the synthesized compounds were performed in vitro by the filter paper disc diffusion method and the poisoned food technique, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these synthesized compounds in comparison to ampicillin were also determined by broth micro-dilution method. Some of them were found to possess significant activity, when compared to standard drugs.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Property of Actinomycetes Isolates from Soil and Water of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Dwij Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Property ◽  
Bioactive Metabolite ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Soil And Water

Background: Human pathogens are rapidly acquiring resistance to antibiotics leading to treatment failure. We carried out this study to isolate and screen actinomycetes strains that have potential to kill bacterial and fungal pathogens.Methods: In this descriptive study 288 soil and water samples were processed by standard microbiological techniques at Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University from 2013 to 2015. Screened actinomycetes were cultivated for bioactive metabolite production and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metabolites were determined against bacterial pathogens including multidrug resistant bacteria and fungi.Results: One hundred twenty isolates having antimicrobial property were screened. Out of them, four most potent strains, Nocardiopsis prasina, Streptomyces violarus, Streptomyces krainskii and Streptomyces tsusimaensis were identified all having both antibacterial and anti-fungal property.Highest zone of inhibition (ZOI)was given by N. prasina against Candida albicans(41.33 ±1.15mm) and among bacteria, maximum ZOI was against Acinetobacter baumannii(31.33±3.05mm). MIC value of metabolite of N.prasina was 0.125mg/ml for E.coli and C. albicans. It was 2.5 mg/ml each for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), A. baumannii and Salmonella Typhi and 0.625 mg/ml for Bacillus Subtilis.Conclusions: Bioactive metabolite producing actinomycetes were recovered from soil and tested against human pathogenic bacteria and fungiand found to have antibacterial and antifungal property.

scholarly journals Rauwolfia tetraphylla mediated synthesis of herbal nano powders by ball milling and GC-MS analysis, evaluation of their antimicrobial activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 967-977
Author(s):  
Vasa Padmaja ◽  
Gorrepati Rosaiah ◽  
Kakumanu Babu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of biological applications of nanoparticles is of immense importance in recent years in the field of Nanotechnology. Due to increasing demand of nanoparticle synthesis from medicinal plants now a days, in the present study, it is aimed to produce bio compatible, non-toxic, homogenous nanopowders by Ball milling, one of the top-down approaches from root, stem and leaf of Rauwolfia tetraphylla, an important medicinal plant of Apocynaceae. Rauwolfia tetraphylla L., an endangered species, is rich in various phytochemicals and often used as a substitute of Rauwolfia serpentina and therefore aimed to produce nanopowders from different parts of this plant. These biosynthesized nanopowders were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Further bioactive components of root, stem and leaf nanopowders were analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS), and different compounds were identified by comparison of GC-MS spectrum with library searches. Methanolic root, stem and leaf nanopowders were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Antibacterial activity was assessed against human pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Vibrio parahemolyticus. Human pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Mucor hiemalis were selected for evaluating antifungal activity. The present study confirms the good antibacterial and antifungal activity of Rauwolfia tetraphylla synthesized nanopowders. As GC-MS analysis revealed different phytoconstituents, other pharmacological activities need to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Alpinia conchigera Griff. and Plumbago indica L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Joy Baura ◽  
Torequl Islam ◽  
Zilly Homa ◽  
M Mohi Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Plumbago Indica

Preliminary phytochemical screenings with the crude extractives of Alpinia conchigera Griff. and Plumbago indica L. demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins and reducing sugars. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol extracts of A. conchigera and P. indica have been evaluated against 4 Gram positive and 7 Gram negative pathogenic bacteria and 7 fungi using ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as standards, respectively, where the extract showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 15.0 to 27.0 mm. A. conchigera demonstrated significant zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae while P. indica revealed strong inhibitory activity against Candida albicans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella paratyphi. The MICs of the both plant extractives were found to be 31.25 ?g/ml against B. cereus, S. paratyphi, V. cholerae, A. niger and B. dermatitidis. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 and LC90 of A. conchigera and P. indica were found to be 6.1 & 12.2 ?g/ml and 5.0 &12.0 ?g/ml, respectively. A significant dose dependent antidiarrhoeal, antimotility and analgesic activities were observed during screening in mice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12581 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 153-157, 2012

scholarly journals Comparative Antimicrobial Activities of some Monosaccharide and Disaccharide Acetates

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Matin ◽  
M. M. H. Bhuiyan ◽  
A. Afrin ◽  
D. C. Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Sucrose Octaacetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Activity Structure

A number of furanose (2,4) and pyranose (5,7,9,11,13) acetates were prepared by direct acetylation method. For comparative antimicrobial studies sucrose octaacetate (14) was also prepared. All the compounds (1-14) were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against ten human pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, INABA ET (Vibrio), Pseudomonas species, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae. These compounds were also screened for in vitro antifungal activity against four pathogenic fungi viz. Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium equiseti. The study revealed that the pyranose acetate derivatives (5,7,9,11,13) are more prone towards antimicrobial functionality than those of the furanose acetates (2,4) and sucrose octaacetate (14).  Keywords: Glucofuranose; Glucopyranose; Acetylation; Antimicrobial activity; Structure activity relationship (SAR).  © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i3.15695 J. Sci. Res. 5 (3), 515-525 (2013)

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of the Wild Mushrooms against Human Pathogens

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
K. Shrestha Vaidya ◽  
S. Thapa ◽  
A. Shrestha ◽  
K. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Direct Cross

Antimicrobial activity of two wild mushrooms groups namely Ganoderma spp. and Agaricus spp. against pathogenic bacteria of human was tested. The activity of the fungal mass was studied by direct cross inoculation techniques and that of chloroform extract of the fungi grown in liquid culture media was tested by agar well diffusion technique. The study revealed that fungal body of Ganodarma was ineffective against all the tested bacterial pathogens, while the extract of the same mushroom was effective against Salmonell typhi, S. paratyphy, S. dysentriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsella oxytoca, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and ineffective against Escherichia coli and Klebsella pneumoniae. in direct cross inoculation, Agaricus spp. totally inhibited Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi. Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, V. cholera, K pneumoniae, P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis, and the rest were inhibited partially. The chloroform extract of Agaricus spp. was effective against all of the tested bacteria. <i> Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006

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