scholarly journals The interictal activities load and cognitive performance of children with typical absence epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen Ahmed ELAhwal ◽  
Yasser Abo Elfotoh El-Heneedy ◽  
Wafik Said Bahnasy ◽  
Reham Abdel Rahman Amer ◽  
Khaled Hussein Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Interictal Spike ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Psychiatric Impairments

Abstract Background The description of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) a benign self-limited generalized epilepsy has become a matter of debate. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the existence of psychiatric and cognitive impairments among patients with typical CAE and to correlate their possible relation to seizure frequency, duration of epilepsy, IISL, and valproate therapy. Methods The study was conducted on 19 typical CAE patients receiving valproate therapy, 11 newly diagnosed CAE patients not receiving AEDs, and 30 healthy control subjects (HCS). Participants were subjected to medical history taking, EEG monitoring, child behavior checklist (CBCL), Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale 5th edition, and computerized psychometric tests that assess cognitive domains and executive functions. Results The study revealed a high rate of cognitive and psychiatric dysfunctions in CAE patients. 53.3% of patients had psychiatric problems versus 16.6% in HCS. Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) (26.6%), anxiety (16.6%), and depression (6.6%) were the most common psychiatric disorders in the patient group. Withdrawn/depressed symptoms, thought problems, social problems, and attention problems in CAE patients were significantly increased compared to HCS. At the same time, CAE patients perform worse in cognitive scales than HCS with comparable intelligent quotient (IQ) scores. Conclusion Cognitive and psychiatric impairments in typical CAE patients appear multifactorial in origin with epilepsy-related factors including the duration of epilepsy and interictal spike load (IISL).

scholarly journals Pretreatment behavior and subsequent medication effects in childhood absence epilepsy

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (16) ◽  
pp. 1698-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth C. Shinnar ◽  
Shlomo Shinnar ◽  
Avital Cnaan ◽  
Peggy Clark ◽  
Dennis Dlugos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Childhood Absence Epilepsy

Objective:To characterize pretreatment behavioral problems and differential effects of initial therapy in children with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE).Methods:The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was administered at baseline, week 16–20, and month 12 visits of a randomized double-blind trial of ethosuximide, lamotrigine, and valproate. Total problems score was the primary outcome measure.Results:A total of 382 participants at baseline, 310 participants at the week 16–20 visit, and 168 participants at the month 12 visit had CBCL data. At baseline, 8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6%–11%) of children with CAE had elevated total problems scores (mean 52.9 ± 10.91). At week 16–20, participants taking valproic acid had significantly higher total problems (51.7 [98.3% CI 48.6–54.7]), externalizing problems (51.4 [98.3% CI 48.5–54.3]), attention problems (57.8 [98.3% CI 55.6–60.0]), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems (55.8 [98.3% CI 54.1–57.6]) scores compared to participants taking ethosuximide (46.5 [98.3% CI 43.4–49.6]; 45.8 [98.3% CI 42.9–48.7]; 54.6 [98.3% CI 52.4–56.9]; 53.0 [98.3% CI 51.3–54.8]). Lack of seizure freedom and elevated week 16–20 Conner Continuous Performance Test confidence index were associated with worse total problems scores. At month 12, participants taking valproic acid had significantly higher attention problems scores (57.9 [98.3% CI 55.6–60.3]) compared to participants taking ethosuximide (54.5 [95% CI 52.1–56.9]).Conclusions:Pretreatment and ongoing behavioral problems exist in CAE. Valproic acid is associated with worse behavioral outcomes than ethosuximide or lamotrigine, further reinforcing ethosuximide as the preferred initial therapy for CAE.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT00088452.Classification of evidence:This study provides Class II evidence that for children with CAE, valproic acid is associated with worse behavioral outcomes than ethosuximide or lamotrigine.

Time Trends in Psychopathology

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Eimecke ◽  
Jan Pauschardt ◽  
Helmut Remschmidt ◽  
Reinhard Walter ◽  
Fritz Mattejat
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
High Rate ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Scale Scores

Objective: Time-trend studies are required to learn about children’s mental health status in changing societies. Some international studies have already analyzed secular trends over periods of 10 to 25 years, but the results are inconsistent. Our study aims to detect German time trends of psychopathology in children aged 8–11, from the first large Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)-based study in Marburg/Germany 1987 until the present day (2008). Method: Parents filled in the CBCL to report psychopathological symptoms in their children. The school-based samples from the years 1987 and 2008 were matched for sex, age, and socioeconomic status. The matched samples each consists of 212 girls and boys (girls: 50.5 %, boys: 49.5 %). MANCOVAs and ANCOVAs were used to test differences in mean CBCL scale scores. Results: Somatic symptoms showed a significant increase from 1987 to 2008. Similar trends were found for other internalizing symptoms, but did not reach significance. Externalizing symptoms showed no significant increase. Boys showed more aggressive or delinquent behavior and attention problems than girls. The children with the lowest socioeconomic status showed the highest symptom levels in both assessment years. Conclusions: The increase in somatic problems might be an effect of changes in expected school performance and economic aspects. The overall high rate of psychopathology in children highlights the necessity of effective prevention and intervention programs, particularly regarding families with lower socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals The Child Behavior Checklist Together with the ADHD Rating Scale Can Diagnose ADHD in Korean Community-Based Samples

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 802-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Kim ◽  
Ki-Hong Park ◽  
Keun-Ah Cheon ◽  
Boong-Nyun Kim ◽  
Soo-Churl Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
School Students ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Clinical Method

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical validities and efficiencies of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ARS) in identifying children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korean community-based samples. Method: A large sample of elementary school students ( n = 1668) participated in this study. We used the CBCL and the ARS as the screening instruments. Diagnoses were determined by clinical psychiatric interviews and confirmed by DSM-IV–based structured interviews. Results: Of the 46 subjects who underwent clinical psychiatric interviews, 33 were diagnosed as having ADHD. A T score of 60 with regard to the Attention Problems profile of the CBCL resulted in a reasonable level of sensitivity or positive predictive value in the diagnosis of ADHD. In both the parent and teacher reports of the ARS, 90th percentile cut-off points resulted in a high level of predictive value. The highest levels of specificity and positive predictive value were obtained when we combined the CBCL ( T ≥ 60 in Attention Problems) and the ARS (parent–teacher total ≥ 90th percentile) reports. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the combined use of the CBCL and the ARS could serve as a rapid and useful clinical method of predicting or even diagnosing children with ADHD in epidemiologic case definitions.

Genetic and environmental influences on teacher ratings of the Child Behavior Checklist

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Towers ◽  
Erica Spotts ◽  
Jenae M. Neiderhiser ◽  
Robert Plomin ◽  
E. Mavis Hetherington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Self Reports

The knowledge we have of childhood and adolescent behaviour is, to some extent, a function of the unique perspective of the rater. Although many behavioural genetics studies have used parent and child self-reports in their assessments of child and adolescent adjustment, few have included teacher ratings of behaviour. It is possible that genetic and environmental contributions to teacher reports are different from those using parent and self-reports. The present study examined genetic and environmental influences on six subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist Teacher Report Form (CBC-TRF) using a normative sample of adolescents. The sample consisted of 373 same-sex twin and sibling pairs of varying degrees of genetic relatedness participating in the Nonshared Environment in Adolescent project (NEAD). For all of the CBC subscales, except attention problems and social problems, nonshared environmental influence was the most important source of variance. Additive genetic factors were of moderate importance for externalising behaviours, whereas nonadditive genetic factors contributed to the anxious/depressed, attention problems, withdrawn, and social problems subscales. For none of the constructs was shared environment a significant influence. Three alternative models testing for contrast effects, differences in twin and nontwin siblings, and differences in nondivorced and stepfamilies were examined. In most cases, the best-fitting model was a model that did not include any of these effects, suggesting that these factors do not critically affect the basic model. However, some of the patterns of correlations and parameter estimates were unusual and may warrant future investigation.

scholarly journals Assessing longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results from a large population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rafiee Alhossaini ◽  
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽  
Farid Zayeri ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Background Obesity is a significant risk factor for Noncommunicable diseases, and it is related to many adverse health consequences. The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is called a longitudinal or aging effect. Also, individuals born or enter to the study of the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. In the current study, an advanced statistical model is used to distinguish between longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on the risk of obesity for men and women. Methods Participants are a group of 6504 Iranian adults over 35 years of age in 2001, who live in the central region of Iran. They were followed up for 12 years in a large community-based study. Various medical indexes, including Body Mass Index, were collected in 2001, 2007, and 2013. The Marginal Logistic Regression model, which includes linear and quadratic effects of the Baseline Age and its difference with current age, is used. Results Between 2001 and 2013, the prevalence of obesity raised from 13% to 18% in men and from 31% to 44% in women. The odds of obesity for women was approximately three times the odds of obesity for men on average adjusting for the age effects. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the prevalence of obesity for individuals with Baseline Age 35 to 55 and a decline thereafter. Also, the odds ratio of obesity across one’s life course, had about 3% increase, on average, by each year aging, regardless of the age at baseline. Conclusions The high rate of obesity and its fast growth is a serious public health issue among Iranians, especially in adults age 35-55, and women. In the present study, Baseline Age was more strongly associated with the risk of obesity than aging. Considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age, helps us to understand the effect of age on obesity better and to identify the related factors.

scholarly journals EEG in genetic generalized epilepsies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Nogovitsyn ◽  
A. A. Sharkov
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Atypical Features ◽  
Delta Activity ◽  
Ictal Activity ◽  
Rhythmic Delta Activity ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy

Genetic, or idiopathic, generalized epilepsies (GGEs or IGEs) includes childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone (GTCS-a).Aim. to characterize the capabilities of electroencephalography (EEG) for the diagnosis of various forms of genetic generalized epilepsyMaterials and methods. Literature data in Pubmed, Google Scholar was analyzed. In addition, own observations and clinical cases were systematized.Results. The article presents the data of morphology and topography of spike-wave discharges, as well as other patterns of EEG in the GGE – poly-spike activity, photoparoxysmal response, occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity (OIRDA), fixation-off sensitivity and generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA), as well as epileptiform K-complexes, the allocation of which in an independent pattern is questioned by a number of neurophysiologists. The differences between interictal and ictal activity in the GGE are discussed in detail; electroencephalogram (EEG) informativity modifiers are considered. The morphology of atypical features in the GGE is considered. The role of EEG in the differential diagnosis of CAE, JAE, JME, GTCS alone with the description of typical, atypical features, study scenarios and diagnostic criteria for each form are considered.Conclusions. Typical EEG features of GGE significantly simplify the differential diagnosis of electroclinical syndromes. There are “non-classical” features of EEG in the GGE, which do not contradict the diagnosis. To reveal the peculiarities of epileptiform discharges distribution, video EEG monitoring with night-time sleep and the use of several modality stimuli is preferable. Incorrect interpretation of EEG is dangerous for the patient. 

Screening for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbidities in a Diverse, Urban Primary Care Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1442-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Spencer ◽  
Natalie Plasencia ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Cara Lucke ◽  
Haregnesh Haile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Pediatric Symptom Checklist ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
English Speaking

We tested the accuracy of 2 parent-report tools, the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-35) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), to identify attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and distinguish complex (highly comorbid) cases in an urban, largely Latino pediatric practice. Spanish- and English-speaking parents of children aged 6 to 10 years completed a PSC-35 and CBCL at well visits. Those with CBCL Attention Problems Subscale (CBCL-APS) T scores ≥60 plus controls completed the diagnostic MINI-KID (Miniature International Neuropsychiatric Interview) for Children. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves quantified accuracy of both scales to distinguish ADHD from non-ADHD, and complex from simple ADHD. Two hundred and nine children were screened, and 41 completed diagnostic interviews. Both the CBCL-APS and PSC Attention Scale (PSC-AS) accurately identified ADHD; the CBCL-APS performed best (AUROCCBCL_APS = 0.837; AUROCPSC_AS = 0.728). The PSC Total and Internalizing Scores and the number of CBCL subscale elevations accurately distinguished complex from simple ADHD; the PSC Internalizing Score performed best (AUROCPSC_TOTAL = 0.700; AUROCPSC_INT = 0.817; AUROCCBCL_SUBS = 0.762).

Elevation of inflammatory S100A8/S100A9 complexes in intracranial aneurysms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121
Author(s):  
Antonius Mattheus de Korte ◽  
René Aquarius ◽  
Thomas Vogl ◽  
Johannes Roth ◽  
Ronald H M A Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Aneurysm Wall ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Insight Into

BackgroundInflammation-related factors might give further insight into the pathophysiology of vessel wall inflammation and intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. One of these factors is the protein complex S100A8/A9, which is released by neutrophils, monocytes, and activated macrophages and is known for its role in cardiovascular disease.ObjectiveTo determine if venous S100A8/A9 levels in patients with a ruptured IA (rIA) or unruptured IA (uIA) are elevated compared with a control group. Second, to assess differences between venous and intra-aneurysmal S100A8/A9 levels of rIA and uIA patients.MethodsA prospective case study was performed between June 2016 and May 2017 in patients harboring a ruptured or unruptured saccular IA. Primary outcome measures were individual S100A8/A9 serum concentrations as measured in venous and intra-aneurysmal blood samples during endovascular treatment. Venous serum S100A8/A9 concentrations from a healthy control group served as a reference.ResultsWe included 16 patients with either a rIA or uIA and 47 healthy controls. Venous S100A8/A9 concentrations were higher in aneurysm patients (rIA and uIA) than those of healthy controls (P≤0.001). S100A8/A9 concentrations were higher in intra-aneurysmal samples than in venous samples of rIA patients (P=0.011). This difference was not found in uIA patients (P=0.054). Intra-aneurysmal S100A8/A9 levels were higher in rIAs than in uIAs (P=0.04).ConclusionsVenous S100A8/A9 levels are elevated in patients with both rIAs and uIAs compared with healthy controls and likely represents aneurysm wall inflammation. S100A8/A9 causes macrophage-induced inflammation and degeneration of the vessel wall which might explain higher intra-aneurysmal S100A8/A9 levels found in rIAs than in uIAs.

The Ketogenic Diet and Related Therapies in “Novel” Situations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Kilaru Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Childhood Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy

The ketogenic diet (KD) is often considered as a treatment option for medication-resistant focal epilepsies and symptomatic generalized epilepsies, but is perhaps less commonly considered for idiopathic generalized epilepsies. The evidence for the use of the KD in two common idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes, childhood absence epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, is presented here.

Genetic generalized epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Moeller ◽  
Ronit M. Pressler ◽  
J. Helen Cross
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Childhood Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Juvenile Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Treatment Prognosis ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Eeg Features

This chapter provides an overview of generalized epilepsies (GGE), which comprises a group of epilepsy syndromes of presumed genetic origin. They are classified into several syndromes according to their age, depending on clinical manifestation and associated electroencephalogram (EEG) features. The chapter introduces the concept of GGE before addressing different GGE syndromes, describing their clinical presentation, EEG features, treatment, prognosis, and underlying genetics. The following GGE syndromes are discussed in order of their age of onset—myoclonic astatic epilepsy, childhood absence epilepsy, epilepsy with myoclonic absences, eyelid myoclonia with absences, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and epilepsy with generalized tonic seizures on awakening. This is followed by an overview on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying GGE.

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