scholarly journals Specifically designed magnetic biochar from waste wood for arsenic removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Kuei Chen ◽  
Jia-Jia Chen ◽  
Nhat-Thien Nguyen ◽  
Thuy-Trang Le ◽  
Nguyen-Cong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Biochar ◽  
Operation Conditions

AbstractArsenic is a carcinogenic substance, with many cases of poisoning related to arsenic pollution in groundwater. In Taiwan arsenic in groundwater caused the notorious Blackfoot disease. Methods for arsenic removal from water include precipitation, membrane processes, ion exchange, and adsorption, but these processing technologies suffer from high investment costs and complex operations. The traditional adsorption method cannot be used for arsenic removal due to its high operating costs, difficulties in recovery, and low adsorption capacity. To address these issues, this study designed an adsorption material based on biochar for arsenic removal with higher adsorption properties and easy recovery. Biochar sources are readily available from waste wood as a cheap and environmentally friendly material. The efficiency of As (III) removal is also promoted by FeCl3 and KMnO4. The objectives of this research are to obtain optimum operation conditions by assessing the effects of different iron and manganese contents, different doses, different pH and different initial concentration. The adsorption mechanism between As (III) and biochar was studied by adsorption isotherms and the kinetic model. X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analyzer analysis results show that modified biochar has major elements of Fe and Mn. There is greater magnetism, 40 emu g− 1, in the modified biochar. The maximum adsorption efficiency of 81% and 0.72 mg g− 1 capacity occurs when the ratio of Mn, Fe and C is 4:1:1. The adsorption capacity is high under higher pH with pristine biochar and 1FeC under lower pH with 1Fe2MnC. The reaction mechanism is divided into four pathways. The first pathway is the attachment of As (III) ions into the pore of biochar via physical adsorption. In the second pathway, biochar can connect with As (III) through hydrogen bonding from the function group -OH in the biochar and the As (III) itself. In the third pathway, they can contact each other by electron force when the biochar surface is filled with a positive charge. In the fourth pathway, the compounds of manganese have strong oxidizability to oxidize As (III) to As(V). The iron ions then act as a bridge connecting the biochar and the As (III), resulting in the formation of new complex compounds.

scholarly journals Specifically Designed Magnetic Biochar From Waste Wood for Arsenic Removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Kuei Chen ◽  
Jia-Jia Chen ◽  
Nhat-Thien Nguyen ◽  
Thuy-Trang Le ◽  
Chang-Tang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
Modified Biochar ◽  
Drinking Water Safety

Abstract Arsenic is a kind of metal elements, widely distributed in nature. Many technologies, including adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation and extraction, have been developed to treat arsenic-containing wastewater due to a series of drinking water safety problems caused by arsenic pollution. Biochar has some advantages of big surface area, low cost and so on. Therefore, waste wood was used as biochar, FeCl3·6H2O and KMnO4 were also used to promote the performance of arsenic removal. The results of XRD, BET, EA and VSM analysis show that modified biochar has major elements of Fe, Mn with KMnO4. The modified biochar (Fe1Mn1C1) has higher magnetism of 40 emu g-1. Through adsorption performance assessment, the best ratio of Fe/C is 1:1 and the adsorption efficiency and capacity of Fe1C1 is 61.6% and 0.681 mg g-1, respectively. Then, the best ratio of Mn, Fe and C is 4:1:1 with highest adsorption efficiency of 80.8% and capacity of 0.724 mg g-1. The best dosage of Fe1C1 and Fe1Mn2C1 is the same as 1 g L-1. It shows better adsorption capacity under higher pH with pristine biochar (PB) and Fe1C1 while under lower pH with Fe1Mn2C1. The adsorption patterns of PB and Fe1Mn2C1 fit Langmuir well. In contrast, adsorption pattern of Fe1C1 fits Freundlich well. In addition, three types of biochars all fit the pseudo second order adsorption kinetics.

scholarly journals Pristine and Magnetic Kenaf Fiber Biochar for Cd2+ Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7949
Author(s):  
Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed ◽  
Noorfidza Yub Harun ◽  
Suriati Sufian ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Zaki Yamani Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Capacity Surface

Development of strategies for removing heavy metals from aquatic environments is in high demand. Cadmium is one of the most dangerous metals in the environment, even under extremely low quantities. In this study, kenaf and magnetic biochar composite were prepared for the adsorption of Cd2+. The synthesized biochar was characterized using (a vibrating-sample magnetometer VSM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption batch study was carried out to investigate the influence of pH, kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics on Cd2+ adsorption. The characterization results demonstrated that the biochar contained iron particles that help in improving the textural properties (i.e., surface area and pore volume), increasing the number of oxygen-containing groups, and forming inner-sphere complexes with oxygen-containing groups. The adsorption study results show that optimum adsorption was achieved under pH 5–6. An increase in initial ion concentration and solution temperature resulted in increased adsorption capacity. Surface modification of biochar using iron oxide for imposing magnetic property allowed for easy separation by external magnet and regeneration. The magnetic biochar composite also showed a higher affinity to Cd2+ than the pristine biochar. The adsorption data fit well with the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 47.90 mg/g.

Synthesis of magnetic biochar derived from cotton stalks for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 2106-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengfeng Ma ◽  
Baowei Zhao ◽  
Jingru Diao
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract A magnetic cotton stalk biochar (MCSBC) was synthesized through chemical co-precipitation, based on cotton stalk biochar (CSBC). The MCSBC and CSBC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The characterization analyses showed that the magnetization process endowed the CSBC with excellent magnetic properties with a superparamagnetic magnetization of 27.59 emu/g. Batch adsorption experiment results indicated that the Cr(VI) maximum adsorption capacity of MCSBC was 20.05 mg/g, which was higher than that of CSBC (18.77 mg/g). The adsorption kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption isotherms were well represented by the Sips isotherm model. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, and the entropy increased. The potential adsorption mechanism was the electrostatic adsorption of anionic Cr(VI) to the positively charged MCSBC surface, the reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) and the complexation of Cr(III) by oxygen-containing functional groups of MCSBC. The regeneration studies showed that MCSBC kept 80% of its initial Cr(VI) adsorption capacity in the cycle. All the findings suggest that this novel magnetic biochar could be used in the field of Cr(VI)-containing wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Fe-FeS2 adsorbent prepared with iron powder and pyrite by facile ball milling and its application for arsenic removal

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Min ◽  
Yangwenjun Li ◽  
Yong Ke ◽  
Meiqing Shi ◽  
Liyuan Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Arsenic Uptake ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Arsenic

Arsenic is one of the major pollutants and a worldwide concern because of its toxicity and chronic effects on human health. An adsorbent of Fe-FeS2 mixture for effective arsenic removal was successfully prepared by mechanical ball milling. The products before and after arsenic adsorption were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorbent shows high arsenic removal efficiency when molar ratio of iron to pyrite is 5:5. The experimental data of As(III) adsorption are fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximal adsorption capacity of 101.123 mg/g. And As(V) data were described perfectly by the Freundlich model with a maximal adsorption capacity of 58.341 L/mg. As(III) is partial oxidized to As(V) during the adsorption process. High arsenic uptake capability and cost-effectiveness of waste make it potentially attractive for arsenic removal.

scholarly journals Study on the Removal Efficiency and Mechanism of Tetracycline in Water Using Biochar and Magnetic Biochar

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Hongwei Sun ◽  
Jingjie Yang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Yucan Liu ◽  
Chenjian Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
Adsorption Effects ◽  
Auxiliary Process ◽  
New Type ◽  
Magnetic Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Magnetic Fe3o4

In this study, a new type of sludge-derived biochar material with high tetracycline removal efficiency, named magnetic Fe3O4 biochar, was accomplished by KOH activated and loaded with magnetic Fe3O4. The particles with spherical pellets observed by SEM, as well as the XRD patterns, indicated that magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto the biochar. We studied the adsorption effects and mechanisms of the following three different adsorption materials for tetracycline: biochar (BC), magnetic Fe3O4, and magnetic biochar (MBC), and the loading conditions and reusability of the materials were also considered. The adsorption effects were as follows: Fe3O4 (94.3%) > MBC (88.3%) > BC (65.7%), and the ratio of biochar to ferric salt was 0.2:1; the removal effect reached the best result. Under an acidic condition, the adsorption capacity of all the materials reached the maximum, and the adsorption of tetracycline in water, by three adsorbents, involves chemical adsorption as the leading process and physical adsorption as the auxiliary process. Various characterizations indicated the removal of tetracycline, including pore filling, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond action, and cationic-π action. Complex bridging is a unique adsorption mechanism of magnetic Fe3O4 and magnetic biochar. In addition, the magnetic biochar also possesses π–π bond interaction. The magnetic materials can still maintain a certain amount of adsorption capacity on tetracycline after five cycles. This study proved that the magnetic sludge-based biochar are ideal adsorbents for the removal of tetracycline from water, as well as an effective route for the reclamation of waste sludge.

scholarly journals Ni/Cr-[α-SiW12O40] Layered Double Hydroxide as Effective Adsorbent of Iron(II) From Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
A. Lesbani ◽  
M.F. Azmi ◽  
N.R. Palapa ◽  
T. Taher ◽  
R. Andreas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Endothermic Process ◽  
Double Hydroxide

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) Ni/Cr intercalated [α-SiW12O40]4- has been prepared using the coprecipitation method. Materials were characterized by X-ray, FTIR, BET, and pHpzc analyses. Material Ni/Cr-[α-SiW12O40] LDHs exhibited a high surface area 98.986 m2 g-1 from 11.030 m2 g-1 for Ni/Cr LDH where the interlayer space was an increase from 7.99 to 10.87 Å with indicated that high crystallinity. Ni/Cr-[α-SiW12O40] LDHs showed higher adsorption capacity for iron(II) is up to 250 mg g-1. Adsorption of iron(II) on LDHs has an endothermic process and classify as physical adsorption.

scholarly journals Arsenic (III) Removal from Aqueous Water by Indigenous Iron Ore Adsorbent from Balochistan Province of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Intensity ◽  
Oval Shape

The work focuses on the removal of Arsenic-III (As(III)) from water sample by an indigenous iron ore from Balochistan by adsorption method. Three iron ore samples were analyzed by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and a sample from Shikarap containing iron 36.2% was selected because it contained the highest amount of hematite. The batch study was conducted to examine the adsorption by iron ore and maximum adsorption was observed at pH 6, 1/2 g dose per 50 mL solution, contact time 2 hr and shaking speed 150 rpm. At the optimized conditions, the removal was 89% when monitored at 50μg L-1 initial concentration of arsenic. The arsenic removal was monitored by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) using hydride generation. Dubinin - Radushkevich (D-R), Freundlich and Langmuir's isotherms were examined. The highest adsorption capacityof iron ore for As(III) removal was observed 13.67 μg g-1 by Langmuir model and Freundlich isotherm indicated good adsorption intensity with value n = 1.512. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that adsorption was exothermic and physisorption. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX)techniques were applied to scan the surface morphology and the percentage elemental composition of samples respectively. SEM results demonstrated that Shikarap mineral grains are an oval shape and these were changed after the uptake of As(III). The EDX spectra of Shikarap mineral confirm the As(III) adsorption on particles as As 4.19%.

scholarly journals Novel Design of Amine and Metal Hydroxide Functional Group Modified Onto Sludge Biochar for Arsenic Removal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Kuei Chen ◽  
Nhat-Thien Nguyen ◽  
Thuy-Trang Le ◽  
Cong-Chinh Duong ◽  
Cong-Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Electrostatic Adsorption ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Reduction

Abstract Among the arsenic removal technologies, the adsorption method is found to be an efficient, inexpensive and simple method with obvious advantages and application value for arsenic removal in water. While, each method has its limitations, the traditional adsorption method used for arsenic removal due to its high operating cost and low adsorption efficiency. Consequently, this study explicitly designed sludge biochar (SB) adsorbed for arsenic removal with lower operation costs and higher adsorption efficiency properties. Generally, biochar only relies on micropores for pollutant adsorption, but physical adsorption is not highly efficient for arsenic removal. Therefore, in order to improve the removal efficiency of arsenic by SB, diethylenetriamine (DETA) and FeCl3 were used in this study to modify the surface of SB by an immersion method. The modified SB has not only pore adsorption characteristics but also electrostatic adsorption, oxidation-reduction and complexation characteristics. The objectives of this research are to obtain optimum operation conditions by assessing the effect of different Fe content, pH and initial concentration on adsorbing arsenic. The arsenic adsorption mechanism on SB was studied using Density Functional Theory (DFT) to understand the functional effect on arsenic adsorption. Results showed the presence of amine and iron oxyhydroxides functional greatly promoted SB surface activity and its arsenic adsorption potential. DFT model result is the same as the result of arsenic adsorption performance with the high adsorption energy. The reaction mechanism is divided into four pathways, including oxidation-reduction, complexation, electrostatic adsorption and pore adsorption.

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

scholarly journals Release of toxic methylene blue from water by mesoporous silicalite-1: characterization, kinetics and isotherm studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabarish Radoor ◽  
Jasila Karayil ◽  
Aswathy Jayakumar ◽  
Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai ◽  
Suchart Siengchin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractIn the present work, we have developed a mesoporous silicalite-1 using CMC as a template for the removal of MB from aqueous solution. The synthesized silicalite-1 were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm (BET). XRD and FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of crystallinity and development of MFI structure in the mesoporous silicalite-1. The adsorption of MB dye on mesoporous silicalite-1 was conducted by batch adsorption method. The effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the dye uptake ability of silicalite-1 was investigated. The operating parameters for the maximum adsorption are silicalite-1 dosage (0.1 wt%), contact time (240 min), initial dye concentration (10 ppm) and temperature (30 ℃). The MB dye removal onto mesoporous silicalite-1 followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm. The silicalite-1 exhibits 86% removal efficiency even after six adsorption–desorption cycle. Therefore, the developed mesoporous silicalite-1 is an effective eco-friendly adsorbent for MB dye removal from aqueous environment.

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