scholarly journals The legal street: a scarcity approach to urban open space in mobility transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett J. M. Petzer ◽  
Anna J. Wieczorek ◽  
Geert P. J. Verbong
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
National Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Eu

AbstractAn urban mobility transition requires a transition in space allocation, since most mobility modes are dependent on urban open space for circulation and the storage of vehicles. Despite increasing attention to space and spatiality in transitions research, the finite, physical aspects of urban space, and the means by which it is allocated, have not been adequately acknowledged as an influence on mobility transitions. A conceptual framework is introduced to support comparison between cities in terms of the processes by which open space is (re-)distributed between car and bicycle circulatory and regulatory space. This framework distinguishes between regulatory allocation mechanisms and the appropriation practices of actors. Application to cases in Amsterdam, Brussels and Birmingham reveal unique relationships created by the zero-sum nature of urban open space between the dominant automobility mode and subordinate cycling mode. These relationships open up a new approach to forms of lock-in that work in favour of particular mobility modes within the relatively obdurate urban built environment. Empirically, allocation mechanisms that routinise the production of car space at national level within the EU are shown to be far more prevalent than those for bicycle space, highlighting the constraints faced by radical city-level policies aimed at space reallocation.

scholarly journals BUILT ENVIRONMENT: MODELLING THE URBAN SPACE

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Guzzetti ◽  
K. L. N. Anyabolu ◽  
L. D’Ambrosio ◽  
G. Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Environment Modelling

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In urban areas, the “built” is defined by many different elements. Not only buildings but also open spaces containing green areas, viability, urban furniture, underground facilities. While the H-BIM sector focuses, rightly, on buildings of great historical significance, in our case it is been consider a part of the built that it usually not analyse: the urban open space. One of the interesting themes is the possibility of having a single tool that integrates the different objects present in a complex environment such as the urban area. The process with BIM model could allow a huge saving in terms of time and costs considering public tender, maintenance or construction phase of a project. Facility management operating through BIM is another relevant theme considering the whole life of a construction. Finally, another important theme is the connections between elements above the ground (visible elements) and subsoil (not visible elements), not only for the administrations but also if related to the HBIM environment.</p><p>The paper reports the analysis of the experience performed, particularly related to questions about detail and accuracy of the BIM model.</p><p>A methodology for modelling open spaces is been assuming, it is described possible improvements and considerations on the result.</p>

scholarly journals Welfare values of sustained urban water flows for recreational and cultural amenities under climate change

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Alireza Nikouei ◽  
Roy Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Elicitation Format ◽  
Cultural Amenities

The main objective of this study is to estimate the welfare values related to sustained water flows in the Zayandeh-Rud River for recreational and cultural amenities in the urban park of Isfahan City in Iran. As is elsewhere the case in arid regions, the drying up of the river due to growing water demand and the increasingly constrained water supply as a result of climate change and more frequent droughts is expected to result in a substantial welfare loss. A double-bounded discrete choice elicitation format is applied in a stated choice survey conducted among local residents and non-residential visitors, focusing on distance-decay and the relationship between income and demand for sustained water flows in publicly provided urban space under climate change. We reject the general finding in the literature that visitors living further away are willing to pay more for unique sites. We show that the recreational services provided by the park can be characterized as a normal economic good for which those living closer by are willing to pay more than those living further away. These results provide an important benchmark for future stated preference research related to welfare valuation of water in urban open space under climate change.

scholarly journals Crowdsourced Quantification and Visualization of Urban Mobility Space Inequality

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Szell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Crowdsourced Data ◽  
Privately Owned

Most cities are car-centric, allocating a privileged amount of urban space to cars at the expense of sustainable mobility like cycling. Simultaneously, privately owned vehicles are vastly underused, wasting valuable opportunities for accommodating more people in a livable urban environment by occupying spacious parking areas. Since a data-driven quantification and visualization of such urban mobility space inequality is lacking, here we explore how crowdsourced data can help to advance its understanding. In particular, we describe how the open-source online platform What the Street!? uses massive user-generated data from OpenStreetMap for the interactive exploration of city-wide mobility spaces. Using polygon packing and graph algorithms, the platform rearranges all parking and mobility spaces of cars, rails, and bicycles of a city to be directly comparable, making mobility space inequality accessible to a broad public. This crowdsourced method confirms a prevalent imbalance between modal share and space allocation in 23 cities worldwide, typically discriminating bicycles. Analyzing the guesses of the platform’s visitors about mobility space distributions, we find that this discrimination is consistently underestimated in the public opinion. Finally, we discuss a visualized scenario in which extensive parking areas are regained through fleets of shared, autonomous vehicles. We outline how such accessible visualization platforms can facilitate urban planners and policy makers to reclaim road and parking space for pushing forward sustainable transport solutions.

scholarly journals Redefining the role of green open space through the challenge of COVID-19 (Case study: Blang Padang, Banda Aceh)

2021 ◽  
Vol 881 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
D E Idawati ◽  
L Maisari ◽  
S Y Alidha
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract Under the government regulations to prevent the spread of COVID-19, namely the emergency public activity restriction (micro PPKM), Blang Padang square has experienced a transformation from a large, open, urban space in Banda Aceh full of multi-function activity to only allowing sports activity and vaccine facilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore whether Blang Padang square has fulfilled the necessary functions during a pandemic and to investigate what kind of transformation or adjustment occurred in the space. This study used qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview and documentation as data collection tools. Shirvani’s criteria of urban open space became the main framework to answer the investigation of this study. The study confirmed that the transformation of Blang Padang square has benefited Banda Aceh residents to continue with a healthy lifestyle during a pandemic and has provided health facilities in a green square.

The Continuity of Sacred Urban Open Space: Facilitating the Indian Conversion to Catholicism in Mesoamerica

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
E. Logan Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
The Many ◽  
Vast Territory

‭During the sixteenth century, the Spanish crown sent Mendicant friars of the Franciscan, Dominican, and Augustinian monastic orders to evangelize and convert the indigenous people of America. With huge populations to convert, spread over an extremely vast territory, a limited number of friars had to find expedient ways to facilitate the conversion effort. Among the many conversion strategies used by the Mendicant friars under the early guidance of Fray Pedro de Gante were: to locate places of Christian worship over or near native ceremonial centers and continue the use of ceremonial open urban space; the incorporation of native religious rituals deemed compatible with Catholic liturgy such as processions, music, art, and dance; the creation of new architectural forms and open urban spaces to provide a setting for these rituals; and the substitution of native rituals for Catholic ceremonies including adjusting native and Catholic ritual calendric dates. Based on recent architectural field surveys and ethnographic documentation, this research focuses on the architectural and urban space adaptations that the missionary friars undertook to facilitate conversion efforts.‬

scholarly journals SPATIAL PROJECTION OF LAND USE AND ITS CONNECTION WITH URBAN ECOLOGY SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE COASTAL CITY, CASE STUDY IN MAKASSAR CITY, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Syahrial Nur Amri ◽  
Luky Adrianto ◽  
Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Projection Analysis ◽  
Spatial Plan

The arrangement of coastal ecological space in the coastal city area aims to ensure the sustainability of the system, the availability of local natural resources, environmental health and the presence of the coastal ecosystems. The lack of discipline in the supervision and implementation of spatial regulations resulted in inconsistencies between urban spatial planning and land use facts. This study aims to see the inconsistency between spatial planning of the city with the real conditions in the field so it can be used as an evaluation material to optimize the planning of the urban space in the future. This study used satellite image interpretation, spatial analysis, and projection analysis using markov cellular automata, as well as consistency evaluation for spatial planning policy. The results show that there has been a significant increase of open spaces during 2001-2015 and physical development was relatively spreading irregularly and indicated the urban sprawl phenomenon. There has been an open area deficits for the green open space in 2015-2031, such as integrated maritime, ports, and warehousing zones. Several islands in Makassar City are predicted to have their built-up areas decreased, especially in Lanjukang Island, Langkai Island, Kodingareng Lompo Island, Bone Tambung Island, Kodingareng Keke Island and Samalona Island. Meanwhile, the increase of the built up area is predicted to occur in Lumu Island, Barrang Caddi Island, Barrang Lompo Island, Lae-lae Island, and Kayangan Island. The land cover is caused by the human activities. Many land conversions do not comply with the provision of percentage of green open space allocation in the integrated strategic areas, established in the spatial plan. Thus, have the potential of conflict in the spatial plan of marine and small islands in Makassar City.

scholarly journals The contribution of the reemergence of local identities to the achievement of the European socio-economic cohesion

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Athanassios Gouridis
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
National Level ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Tourism Education ◽  
European Policies ◽  
New Procedures ◽  
The Eu

The present paper attempts to approach the recent phenomenon of the reemergence of the local identities in Europe, applying it, as a case-study, on the European-border Greek-Thracian region in relationship with its Bulgarian neighbors. Globalization provoked fears in local communities for instability, dissolution and loss of identity, urging reactions, targeting to consistency, tranquility and security, traced particularly in the reappearance of local identification procedures. Nevertheless, the new approach, opposite to introversive, often connected to heterophobe behaviors, is actively positive and creative, functioning in the frames set by the EU. The identity-building capacities are now built from the inside, enriched by their interdependent character and visualized through sustainable synergies on a horizontal, cross-border, trans-regional, or trans-national level and a vertical one, functioning on various fields, such as culture, tourism, education, social inclusion, youth and training. The new procedures play a crucial role in the planning and implementation of the European policies, which now embrace communities, since it has been realized that local identities beyond a desirable, constitute an indispensable actor for the overall longevity, so that local diversity potentially contributes substantially to the European economic, social and territorial cohesion and integration.

scholarly journals Crowdsourced Quantification and Visualization of Urban Mobility Space Inequality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Szell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Crowdsourced Data ◽  
Privately Owned

Most cities are car-centric, allocating a privileged amount of urban space to cars at the expense of sustainable mobility like cycling. Simultaneously, privately owned vehicles are vastly underused, wasting valuable opportunities for accommodating more people in a livable urban environment by occupying spacious parking areas. Since a data-driven quantification and visualization of such urban mobility space inequality is lacking, here we explore how crowdsourced data can help to advance its understanding. In particular, we describe how the open-source online platform What the Street!? uses massive user-generated data from OpenStreetMap for the interactive exploration of city-wide mobility spaces. Using polygon packing and graph algorithms, the platform rearranges all parking and mobility spaces of cars, rails, and bicycles of a city to be directly comparable, making mobility space inequality accessible to a broad public. This crowdsourced method confirms a prevalent imbalance between modal share and space allocation in 23 cities worldwide, typically discriminating bicycles. Analyzing the guesses of the platform’s visitors about mobility space distributions, we find that this discrimination is consistently underestimated in the public opinion. Finally, we discuss a visualized scenario in which extensive parking areas are regained through fleets of shared, autonomous vehicles. We outline how such accessible visualization platforms can facilitate urban planners and policy makers to reclaim road and parking space for pushing forward sustainable transport solutions.

Modernisation of Higher Education – Willful Action or Wishful Thinking? The Case of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elena Blagoeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply. The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

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