scholarly journals Two years of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2019–2021): structural biology, vaccination, and current global situation

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Khadija Shabbiri
Keyword(s):  
Structural Biology ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Eye Injury ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Economic Collapse ◽  
Infection Pathways ◽  
The Common ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
New Vaccines

AbstractThe deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 259,502,031 confirmed cases with 5,183,003 deaths in 223 countries during the last 22 months (Dec 2019–Nov 2021), whereas approximately 7,702,859,718, vaccine doses have been administered (WHO: https://covid19.who.int/) as of the 24th of Nov 2021. Recent announcements of test trial completion of several new vaccines resulted in the launching of immunization for the common person around the globe highlighting a ray of hope to cope with this infection. Meanwhile, genetic variations in SARS-CoV-2 and third layer of infection spread in numerous countries emerged as a stronger prototype than the parental. New and parental SARS-CoV-2 strains appeared as a risk factor for other pre-existing diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders, kidney, liver, heart, and eye injury. This situation requires more attention and re-structuring of the currently developed vaccines and/or drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although a decline in COVID-19 infection has been reported globally, an increase in COVID-19 cases in the subcontinent and east Mediterranean area could be alarming. In this review, we have summarized the current information about the SARS-CoV-2 biology, its interaction and possible infection pathways within the host, epidemiology, risk factors, economic collapse, and possible vaccine and drug development.

Moving past the vaccine/autism controversy - to examine potential vaccine neurological harms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter R. Breggin
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Disorders ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Vaccines

BACKGROUND: The vaccine/autism controversy has caused vast scientific and public confusion, and it has set back research and education into genuine vaccine-induced neurological disorders. The great strawman of autism has been so emphasized by the vaccine industry that it, and it alone, often appears in authoritative discussions of adverse effects of the MMR and other vaccines. By dismissing the chimerical vaccine/autism controversy, vaccine defenders often dismiss all genuinely neurological aftereffects of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and other vaccines, including well-documented events, such as relatively rare cases of encephalopathy and encephalitis. OBJECTIVE: This report explains that autism is not a physical or neurological disorder. It is not caused by injury or disease of the brain. It is a developmental disorder that has no physical origins and no physical symptoms. It is extremely unlikely that vaccines are causing autism; but it is extremely likely that they are causing more neurological damage than currently appreciated, some of it resulting in psychosocial disabilities that can be confused with autism and other psychosocial disorders. This confusion between a developmental, psychosocial disorder and a physical neurological disease has played into the hands of interest groups who want to deny that vaccines have any neurological and associated neuropsychiatric effects. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature, textbooks, and related media commentary is integrated with basic clinical knowledge. RESULTS: This report shows how scientific sources have used the vaccine/autism controversy to avoid dealing with genuine neurological risks associated with vaccines and summarizes evidence that vaccines, including the MMR, can cause serious neurological disorders. Manufacturers have been allowed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to gain vaccine approval without placebo-controlled clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: The misleading vaccine autism controversy must be set aside in favor of examining actual neurological harms associated with vaccines, including building on existing research that has been ignored. Manufacturers of vaccines must be required to conduct placebo-controlled clinical studies for existing vaccines and for government approval of new vaccines. Many probable or confirmed neurological adverse events occur within a few days or weeks after immunization and could be detected if the trials were sufficiently large. Contrary to current opinion, large, long-term placebo-controlled trials of existing and new vaccines would be relatively easy and safe to conduct.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge of Endolysosomal and Autophagy Defects in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Liriopé Toupenet Marchesi ◽  
Marion Leblanc ◽  
Giovanni Stevanin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spastic Paraplegia ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hsp Genes

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of neurological disorders involving the degeneration of motor neurons. Due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity, finding common effective therapeutics is difficult. Therefore, a better understanding of the common pathological mechanisms is necessary. The role of several HSP genes/proteins is linked to the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways, suggesting a functional convergence. Furthermore, impairment of these pathways is particularly interesting since it has been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, which would suggest that the nervous system is particularly sensitive to the disruption of the endolysosomal and autophagic systems. In this review, we will summarize the involvement of HSP proteins in the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways in order to clarify their functioning and decipher some of the pathological mechanisms leading to HSP.

Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Garlic in Age-Related Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Ahangar-Sirous ◽  
Mohadeseh Poudineh ◽  
Arina Ansari ◽  
Ali Nili ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad Matin Alavi Dana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Aged Garlic Extract ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Aged Garlic

: Age-related neurological disorders [ANDs] involve neurodegenerative diseases [NDDs] such as Alzheimer's disease [AD], the most frequent kind of dementia in elderly people, and Parkinson's disease [PD], and also other disorders like epilepsy and migraine. Although ANDs are multifactorial, Aging is a principal risk factor for them. The common and most main pathologic features among ANDs are inflammation, oxidative stress, and misfolded proteins accumulation. Since failing brains caused by ANDs impose a notable burden on public health and their incidence is increasing, a lot of works has been done to overcome them. Garlic, Allium sativum, has been used for different medical purposes globally and more than thousands of publications have reported its health benefits. Garlic and aged garlic extract are considered potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidants agents and can have remarkable neuroprotective effects. This review is aimed to summarize knowledge on the pharmacotherapeutic potential of garlic and its components in ANDs.

Notes on the generic position of Brassica deserti (Brassicaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Jotham Ziffer-Berger ◽  
Alexandra Keren-Keiserman ◽  
Adi Doron-Faigenboim ◽  
Klaus Mummenhoff ◽  
Oz Barazani
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
The Core ◽  
Generic Position ◽  
History Of

Molecular tools provide new insights into phylogenetic relationships of plant species, and by relating phylogenetic groups to their geographical distribution, we can cast light upon the evolution history of plant clades. In the current study, we evaluated the phylogenetic position of the Sinai endemic Brassica deserti (Brassicaceae), later renamed as Erucastrum deserti, based on morphological data and 5.8S rDNA and ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) regions. Our results indicate that B. deserti belongs to an East-Mediterranean – Saharo Arabian clade and was not assigned to the core Brassica and Erucastrum clades, respectively, which evolved in the West Mediterranean area. We tentatively conclude that Brassica deserti evolved independently of core Brassica and Erucastrum.

Neurology

2016 ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Kristine O’Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Board Examination ◽  
Neurological Findings ◽  
The Common ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The purpose of the Oral Board Examination is to determine a candidate’s competency in neurosurgical disorders, but also neurological disorders, which may mimic neurosurgical conditions. It is not uncommon for a candidate to be presented imaging studies that clearly appear surgical; however, after carefully listening to the history and relevant neurological findings, it will become apparent that the imaging does not explain the patient’s symptoms. Some of the common neurological ailments that the Oral Board examinee needs to be well aware of include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Parsonage=Turner syndrome (brachial plexitis), some of which are covered either in this chapter or in other relevant chapters.

Common Migraine and Vestibular Function

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph U. Toglia ◽  
David Thomas ◽  
Arieh Kuritzky
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Vascular Headache ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complicated Migraine ◽  
The Common

Even though “classic migraine” and “complicated migraine” may be diagnosed readily, “common migraine” may be easily confused with other types of vascular headaches. This differential diagnosis is of great importance for the appropriate choice of drug therapy. It is frequently stated that family history of migraine and history of motion sickness in childhood suggest that a periodic vascular headache is most likely of migrainous origin; although this statement applies to ophthalmoplegic and hemiplegic migraine, it is doubtful that it applies to common migraine. In fact, in a pilot study of patients with common migraine, we have observed that family history and history of motion sickness in childhood did not contribute to the diagnosis. Vestibular dysfunctions are frequently associated with migraine including the common type. Utilizing labyrinthine tests with the aid of electronystagmography, abnormalities of labyrinth function were demonstrated in 80% of patients with common migraine who had no history of vertigo or of other otological and neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Etniczny charakter Epirotów i Macedończyków

LingVaria ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Original Language ◽  
International Language

The Ethnic Character of Ancient Epirotes and MacedoniansThe inhabitants of Epirus and Macedonia were treated as “barbarians” by ancient Greeks (so Hecataeus of Miletus, Herodotus, Thucydides, Ps.-Scylax, Ps.-Scymnus, Strabo, and others). According to Plutarch (Pyrrhus I 3), the intensive hellenization of Epirus started with Tharrypas’ reign in the end of fifth century BC. According to Strabo (VII 7.8), ancient Epirotes and Macedonians spoke the same language but some of them were bilingual. This means that the original language of Epirotes and Macedonians was non-Greek, but they used Greek in the capacity of the international language of the East Mediterranean area. Numerous preserved glosses demonstrate an Indo-European (and non-Greek) origin of Epirotes and Macedonians.

Neurology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Paterson ◽  
Laszlo Sztriha
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common

The face of neurology in clinical practice is changing. Neurology is no longer primarily a diagnostic specialty. As more therapeutic treatments become available in all fields from epilepsy to multiple sclerosis, early and accurate diagnosis is increasingly required so that patients can benefit from early treatment aiming to reduce the lifelong burden of neuro­logical disease. Diagnosis of neurological disorders is often considered by junior doc­tors to be highly complex and, as such, is responsible for a great deal of anxiety. One of the most difficult challenges can be determining the loca­tion of the lesion. A helpful approach to this is by analysis of the patterns that each lesion produces. Table 8.1 describes some of the common patterns seen in clinical practice, and the questions in this chapter will attempt to highlight some of the other specific presentations needed in assessing the neurology patient.

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