scholarly journals Sinicisation and ethnicity: spatial characteristics of Shui vernacular architecture in Guizhou, Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhi Zhou ◽  
Miao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Type A ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Type B ◽  
The Core ◽  
Living Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
Visibility Graph Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe Shui people are an ethnic minority living in southern mountainous areas of Guizhou Province, China; they have retained many vernacular houses with a history of over a century. Using spatial analysis software depthmapX to perform visibility graph analysis and field-of-view analysis with space syntax, we examined the sequence, organisation, and hierarchy of the living space in Shui residences. We found that those residences were influenced by external cultures, resulting in two types of plan layout: front-middle-back (type A) and left-middle-right (type B). Those two types of spatial combination were evident in two different line-of-sight axes. With type A, the hearth was the core and served as the daily living space of the family. With type B, the ancestral altar was the core and served as the ritual space. The historical coexistence and changing relationship of the two axes reflect cultural exchange between the Shui and Han as well as with other foreign cultures. This study concludes that the diversity of spatial forms that developed in different historical periods is an important attribute of Shui houses and those of other ethnic minorities in Southwest China.

scholarly journals Ambiance through Spatial Organization in Vernacular architecture of hot and dry regions of India − The case of Ahmedabad and Jodhpur

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Vibha Gajjar ◽  
Foram Bhavsar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Spatial Morphology ◽  
Visibility Graph Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Digital Simulations ◽  
The Relationship

Most notable vernacular settlements of the past had a potential of generating stimulating ambiance because of their “organicness”. The understanding of the “Nature of order” in this informality can identify the factors or parameters generating the definite spatial character appropriate for the time and place. The spatial character generates the spirit of the place, what we call the genius loci. This paper analyses the relationship of spatial organization and ambiance of the old city settlements in hot and dry climatic regions of two selected cities of India − Ahmedabad and Jodhpur at various levels. Both the selected cities are informal in nature and rich with its ambiance. Space syntax and digital simulations are used to decode the parameters of the spatial organization. The spatial morphology is analysed using tools such as justified graph analysis, visibility graph analysis, isovists analysis, agent movement analysis and sunlight study. The result of the study is summarised in tabular format and presented in a graphical manner for better understanding. This analysis is valuable in the derivation of the constants and variables to define the learning from the vernacular spatial organization.

scholarly journals Pigmentary demarcation lines: a clinical profile of 50 subjects and report of new pattern of pigmentation observed

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Anju Antony ◽  
Pramod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Type A ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Demarcation Line ◽  
Abrupt Transition ◽  
Type D ◽  
History Of ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Common

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Pigmentary demarcation lines (PDL) correspond to a border of abrupt transition between the more deeply pigmented skin of the outer surfaces and the lighter inner surfaces. On the basis of their location they have been classified into eight types, type A to type H. The present study is an attempt to obtain a better understanding of the clinical types of pigmentary demarcation lines in Indians, and to report any previously undescribed patterns of pigmentation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients attending the Outpatient Department for various complaints were examined for the presence of pigmentary demarcation lines, and those with pigmentary demarcation lines were analysed further.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 50 subjects of Fitzpatrick skin types 4 and 5, with pigmentary demarcation lines were examined in detail. The various types of pigmentary demarcation lines seen were Type A (38%), Type B (14%), Type C (24%), Type F (22%), Type G (4%), Type H (4%). All types were more common in females with the exception of Type C, which was observed only in males. Type D and Type E PDL were not observed in any of the subjects screened.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The most common type of PDL observed in our study was Type A PDL, followed by Type C PDL. The youngest subject was 2 years old, the oldest was aged 75.The majority were seen in adults; Type A and Type C PDL were the common types seen in children. A family history of PDL was present in 5 (10%) and all were females. A hitherto undescribed pigmentary demarcation line is also described along with this study.</p>

Depositional models for moraine formation in East Antarctic coastal oases

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (144) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean J. Fitzsimons
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Type B ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Type D ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quaternary History ◽  
Type C ◽  
Depositional Models

AbstractThis paper examines the origin of moraine ridges in East Antarctic coastal oases and derives depositional models appropriate for the reconstruction of Quaternary history. On the basis of morphology, structure and sedimentology, four principal types of ridge may be identified: (1) type A moraines from when the basal debris zone crops out near an ice margin; (2) type B moraines form when large recumbent folds develop in the basal debris zone; (3) type C moraines are ice-contact screes and fans which form when debris accumulates at steep or cliffed ice margins; and (4) type D moraines are thrust-block moraines that form when unconsolidated sediment is entrained by freezing, shearing and thrusting of sediment blocks at the base of the glacier. Simple calculations of the rate of debris accumulation at ice margins suggest that type A, B and C moraines take thousands of years to form and record stable ice margins. Type D moraines are structural features that may form relatively quickly when ice margins override unconsolidated sediment. Constructing models to explain the origin of the moraines is an important part of reconstructing the Quaternary history of Antarctic coastal oases, because the models provide a basis for reconstructing the position and behaviour of the ice sheet during advance and retreat

scholarly journals Depositional models for moraine formation in East Antarctic coastal oases

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (144) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Sean J. Fitzsimons
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Type B ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Type D ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quaternary History ◽  
Type C ◽  
Depositional Models

AbstractThis paper examines the origin of moraine ridges in East Antarctic coastal oases and derives depositional models appropriate for the reconstruction of Quaternary history. On the basis of morphology, structure and sedimentology, four principal types of ridge may be identified: (1) type A moraines from when the basal debris zone crops out near an ice margin; (2) type B moraines form when large recumbent folds develop in the basal debris zone; (3) type C moraines are ice-contact screes and fans which form when debris accumulates at steep or cliffed ice margins; and (4) type D moraines are thrust-block moraines that form when unconsolidated sediment is entrained by freezing, shearing and thrusting of sediment blocks at the base of the glacier. Simple calculations of the rate of debris accumulation at ice margins suggest that type A, B and C moraines take thousands of years to form and record stable ice margins. Type D moraines are structural features that may form relatively quickly when ice margins override unconsolidated sediment. Constructing models to explain the origin of the moraines is an important part of reconstructing the Quaternary history of Antarctic coastal oases, because the models provide a basis for reconstructing the position and behaviour of the ice sheet during advance and retreat

scholarly journals Genomic Insight Into the Population Structure and Admixture History of Tai-Kadai-Speaking Sui People in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Bin ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Youyi Huang ◽  
Rongyao Wei ◽  
Kongyang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
History Of

Sui people, which belong to the Tai-Kadai-speaking family, remain poorly characterized due to a lack of genome-wide data. To infer the fine-scale population genetic structure and putative genetic sources of the Sui people, we genotyped 498,655 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using SNP arrays in 68 Sui individuals from seven indigenous populations in Guizhou province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southwest China and co-analyzed with available East Asians via a series of population genetic methods including principal component analysis (PCA), ADMIXTURE, pairwise Fst genetic distance, f-statistics, qpWave, and qpAdm. Our results revealed that Guangxi and Guizhou Sui people showed a strong genetic affinity with populations from southern China and Southeast Asia, especially Tai-Kadai- and Hmong-Mien-speaking populations as well as ancient Iron Age Taiwan Hanben, Gongguan individuals supporting the hypothesis that Sui people came from southern China originally. The indigenous Tai-Kadai-related ancestry (represented by Li), Northern East Asian-related ancestry, and Hmong-Mien-related lineage contributed to the formation processes of the Sui people. We identified the genetic substructure within Sui groups: Guizhou Sui people were relatively homogeneous and possessed similar genetic profiles with neighboring Tai-Kadai-related populations, such as Maonan. While Sui people in Yizhou and Huanjiang of Guangxi might receive unique, additional gene flow from Hmong-Mien-speaking populations and Northern East Asians, respectively, after the divergence within other Sui populations. Sui people could be modeled as the admixture of ancient Yellow River Basin farmer-related ancestry (36.2–54.7%) and ancient coastal Southeast Asian-related ancestry (45.3–63.8%). We also identified the potential positive selection signals related to the disease susceptibility in Sui people via integrated haplotype score (iHS) and number of segregating sites by length (nSL) scores. These genomic findings provided new insights into the demographic history of Tai-Kadai-speaking Sui people and their interaction with neighboring populations in Southern China.

Bortner Type A Scores and Basic Emotions: Aggression, Distrustful, Depression, and Gregarious

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katija Čatipović-Veselica
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
Cardiac Mortality ◽  
Type B ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the correlations between scores on Bonner's scale and measures of aggression, distrustful, gregarious, and depression in 1,084 employees. Prospectively over 2 yr. we investigated the relationship of Type A behavior with cardiac mortality. Subjects classified as Type A had higher mean ratings on measures of aggression and distrustful than did persons classified as Type B. Mortality was lower in patients classified as reporting Type A behavior (12%) than in the patients classified as reporting Type B behavior (22%).

Abstract 280: Cocaine-Related Aortic Dissection: Lessons from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua H Dean ◽  
Patrick O’Gara ◽  
Daniel G Montgomery ◽  
Santi Trimarchi ◽  
Truls Myrmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Acute Aortic Dissection ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
International Registry ◽  
Type B Dissection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Type A Dissection

Background: Acute Aortic Dissection (AAD) associated with cocaine use is a rare event for which only limited case reports and small cohort studies are available. This study compares demographics, history, presenting symptoms and in-hospital outcomes among AAD patients with a history of cocaine use (C+) to those of patients without a history of cocaine use (C-) in a large international registry. Methods: Our study analyzed 3584 patients enrolled in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection from 1996 to 2012. We divided the population based on documented cocaine use and further stratified patients into Type A (33 C+/2332, 1.4%) and Type B (30 C+/1252, 2.4%) dissection cohorts. Results: C+ patients presented at a younger age and were more likely to be male and black for both Type A and B dissections. Type B dissection was more common among C+ patients than in C- patients. Cocaine-related AAD was reported more often at US sites compared to European sites (86.4% 51/63 v. 13.6% 8/63, p<0.001). Tobacco use was more prevalent in the C+ cohort. No differences were seen in history of hypertension, known atherosclerosis or time from symptom onset to presentation between cohorts. Type B C+ patients were more likely to be hypertensive at presentation. Both Type A and Type B C+ cohorts had significantly smaller ascending aortic diameters than C- patients. Acute renal failure was more common in Type A C+ patients but mortality was significantly lower in Type A C+ patients vs type C- patients for reasons than could not be identified from the data base. Conclusions: Cocaine abuse is implicated in approximately 2% of patients with acute aortic dissection. The typical patient is a relatively young male cigarette smoker, who like the majority of patients with AAD, has a history of hypertension. In hospital mortality for cocaine-related Type A dissection is lower than that seen with non-cocaine related type A dissection. The combination of tobacco use, cocaine use, and hypertension may predispose patients to AAD who may otherwise have little risk for the condition.

scholarly journals ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIP OF BRITISH SWINE INFLUENZA STRAINS TO STANDARD HUMAN AND SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUSES

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Paul Hudson ◽  
M. Michael Sigel ◽  
F. S. Markham
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Type A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antigenic Relationship ◽  
Type B ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Virus Inhibition ◽  
Relationship Of

The antigenic relationships of Type A (PR 8, WS) and Type B (Lee) human strains and the Shope and British (Cambridge, North Ireland) swine strains were studied by specific antiserum inhibition of chicken red cell agglutination by the influenza virus. The Cambridge and North Ireland strains were found to be closely related to the Type A strains and differentiated from the Shope virus. The distinctive antigenicity of the Lee strain of Type B was confirmed. Specific antibodies were developed in chickens following single intraperitoneal injections of influenza virus. Inhibition tests yielded results, in the antigenic analysis of the influenza viruses examined, comparable to those obtained with ferret antisera. Specific inhibition of hemagglutination by influenza virus proved an effective method for the study of strain relationships.

scholarly journals Egy modern finnugor építészet felé •

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Professional Evaluation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

Vargha Lászlóban (1904–1984) az utókor elsősorban a néprajztudóst tiszteli, jóllehet szakmai pályája kiterjedt a muzeológiára és az építészettörténetre is. E három tudományterülettel életszakaszonként eltérő mértékben foglalkozott. Tevékenységét mindhárom diszciplína esetében áthatotta a finnek építészete iránti érdeklődés. Cikkemben életútját e szempontból vizsgálom, felhasználva a Szentendrei Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeumban őrzött archívumát. Fiatalkorának meghatározó élmenyei kötődnek a finnekhez. Személyes visszaemlékezése alapján Vargha a finn építészettel és művészettel gyermekkorában ismerkedett meg egy magyar folyóiratban. Pályakezdőként csereprogrammal jut el Finnországba és köt barátságot finnekkel. A második világháború idején közreműködik egy finnugor kiállítás összeállításában Budapesten és Kolozsvárott. Mindeközben gyűjti és jegyzeteli a finn néprajzi szakirodalmat. A háborút követően a nemzetközi kapcsolattartás lehetőségei szűkülnek, Vargha is csak később tér viszsza a finn kultúrához. A hatvanas években a helyszínen tanulmányozza a szabadtéri néprajzi gyűjteményeket – köztük számos északit –, melynek tanulságaival hozzájárul a Szentendrei Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum – svéd szóval: a skanzen – létrejöttéhez. Oktatóként az egyetemi órákon is tanítja a kortárs finn építészetet. Előadásokon, kiállításokon mutatja be itthon Finnország építészetével kapcsolatos ismereteit. Emellett szakmailag legkiemelkedőbb fellépései a finnugor kongresszusokhoz köthetők, melyekben visszatér egy őt korábban is foglalkoztató témakörhöz; melynek értelmében a magyar népi építészetnek létezik egy ősi, finnugor rétege. Sikereit árnyalja, hogy pályája végén több jelentős publikációs lehetőséggel nem élt. Egyéb érdemei mellett Vargha László kiemelkedő alakja a finn–magyar kulturális kapcsolatoknak, a finnekkel kapcsolatos kiemelkedő munkássága pedig önálló fejezettel gazdagíthatja pályája értékelését. László Vargha (1904–1984) is considered a prominent ethnographer in Hungary, albeit he was active in museology and history of architecture as well. During his career he had shifted between these topics. His contribution to all three disciplines was affected with a profound interest in Finnish art and architecture. My article investigates his professional career in the light of his appeal, using the sources preserved in his personal archive in the Hungarian Open-Air Museum. Vargha had determinative experience related to Finland during his youth. His first encounter with Finnish art was in the pages of a Hungarian periodical in his childhood. In an exchange programme he visited Finland and made friends with his peers. During the Second World War he contributed to an exhibition on Finno-Ugric peoples. The archives reveal that he had studied Finnish ethnographic literature in this period. Possibilities for maintaining international relationships were reduced after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Vargha returned to Finnish culture only after a significant interval. In the sixties he conducted a study trip to various open-air museums. Many of those destinations were in Sweden and Finland. The study trip contributed to the foundation of the Hungarian Open-Air Museum, which still borrows its name in Hungarian from the Nordic Museum: skanzen. As a university lecturer he introduced Finnish architecture to the curriculum. Vargha presented Finnish architecture in lectures and exhibitions across Hungary. He also participated in the International Congress for Finno-Ugric Studies, where he revisited the concept that an archaic Finno-Ugric layer is present in Hungarian vernacular architecture. Despite the possibilities offered and his thorough knowledge he failed to publish significant publications at the end of his career. Apart from his other achievements László Vargha was also an important character in the relationship of Finnish and Hungarian architecture, and his outstanding oeuvre related to Finland could enrich his professional evaluation.

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