Fault-related overpressure in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. T183-T193
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan G. ◽  
Jayanta Dutta ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Nitin Bhardwaj ◽  
Neeraj Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Pressure ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Burial History ◽  
Geomechanical Analysis ◽  
Geologic Setting ◽  
The Many ◽  
Godavari Basin

Drilling and reaching to deeper target zones through an overpressured overburden formation in a structurally complex geologic setting requires robust geologic and geomechanical analysis to mitigate risk and control operational costs. These types of geologic conditions are present in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, where a series of horst and grabens defined by deep-seated faults and persistent high sedimentation rates through geologic time, result in the development of challenging conditions for exploratory drilling. We have developed possible overpressure mechanisms across the central part of the Krishna-Godavari Basin and its interplay through fault-related lateral pressure transfer. The basin sits over a horst, which is one of the many northeast–southwest-trending en echelon horst and graben structures comprising sediments from the lower Cretaceous to Holocene. In the study area, Paleocene formations in the horst are overpressured (12–12.2 ppg). Three wells were drilled through this formation and reached the target without any drilling issues in the central and eastern part. However, the same formation in the western part of the horst (adjacent to the graben) has higher overpressure of approximately 14 ppg, which complicates the drilling operations because it requires an additional intermediate casing to reach the target reservoir safely. A detailed analysis of the overpressure mechanisms across the horst area to the adjacent deep graben revealed that the disequilibrium compaction signatures are related to the burial history and overburden thickness. The major difference between horst and graben area is the magnitude of overpressure, with an average of 16 ppg across the graben area. The larger overpressures experienced toward the western part of the horst indicate a secondary source of pressure from the adjacent deep graben. The fault stress analysis in this region presents a feasible lateral pressure transfer through critically stressed faults/fractures from the deep graben to the western part of the horst structure. The current model accounts the common pore pressure estimation method along with other critical geologic information to predict such overpressure related challenges in the upcoming future wells in a similar geologic setup to plan safe and cost-effective wells.

scholarly journals The Digital Design Coach Enhancing Design Conversations in Architectural Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rohan O'Neil Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Architectural Education ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Student Dialogue ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Many

<p>Changes in society, technology, and practice have created a significant demand for architectural graduates who can balance practical concerns with critical and abstract thinking. The current model of architectural education as it exists in academia, is hard pressed to supply this demand. This thesis seeks to redress this situation by connecting three maxims: 1) Strengthening the master-student dialogue is key to adequately exposing student designers to the issues involved in designing buildings that are fit for purpose, cost effective, sustainable and a delight to clients and users. 2) Sketching, a "designerly" way of thinking, is an integral part of this dialogue. 3) The computer in design education should directly contribute to helping students design buildings that are fit for purpose, cost effective, sustainable and a delight to clients and users. The thesis argues that due to the myriad of issues connected with architecture in today's society, the effectiveness of the student/master dialogue in architectural education has been weakened somewhat. At the centre of this dialogue is the sketch - a conversation between head and hand. The thesis will argue that by furnishing students with an "expert hand", the sketch becomes so empowered as to enrich the dialogue, raising the level of students' exposure to architectural issues. The suggested medium for this empowerment is the computer. Moving sketching into the digital realm as a direct means of thinking and learning is an innovative way of providing students with an "expert" digital hand. The sketch, for the student, becomes an intelligent conscious tool that supports and informs exploration. In turn, the empowered sketch presents the student with the many issues that comprise contemporary design problems. The result of this upliftment is a richer dialogue between student and teacher about architecture that is fit for purpose, economical and environmentally aware.</p>

scholarly journals The Digital Design Coach Enhancing Design Conversations in Architectural Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rohan O'Neil Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Architectural Education ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Student Dialogue ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Many

<p>Changes in society, technology, and practice have created a significant demand for architectural graduates who can balance practical concerns with critical and abstract thinking. The current model of architectural education as it exists in academia, is hard pressed to supply this demand. This thesis seeks to redress this situation by connecting three maxims: 1) Strengthening the master-student dialogue is key to adequately exposing student designers to the issues involved in designing buildings that are fit for purpose, cost effective, sustainable and a delight to clients and users. 2) Sketching, a "designerly" way of thinking, is an integral part of this dialogue. 3) The computer in design education should directly contribute to helping students design buildings that are fit for purpose, cost effective, sustainable and a delight to clients and users. The thesis argues that due to the myriad of issues connected with architecture in today's society, the effectiveness of the student/master dialogue in architectural education has been weakened somewhat. At the centre of this dialogue is the sketch - a conversation between head and hand. The thesis will argue that by furnishing students with an "expert hand", the sketch becomes so empowered as to enrich the dialogue, raising the level of students' exposure to architectural issues. The suggested medium for this empowerment is the computer. Moving sketching into the digital realm as a direct means of thinking and learning is an innovative way of providing students with an "expert" digital hand. The sketch, for the student, becomes an intelligent conscious tool that supports and informs exploration. In turn, the empowered sketch presents the student with the many issues that comprise contemporary design problems. The result of this upliftment is a richer dialogue between student and teacher about architecture that is fit for purpose, economical and environmentally aware.</p>

Study on Influence Factors of Underground Joint Rock Cavern Displacement

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 1515-1518
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Chun Han
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Pressure ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Lateral Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Rock Cavern ◽  
The Many ◽  
Rock Tunnel ◽  
Joint Rock

The safety response of joint rock underground tunnels is one of the many problems that draw the attention of geology specialists and scholars. Adopting two dimensional discrete element method, a numerical model of joint rock underground cavern is established to study its stability. The buried depth and the lateral pressure coefficient are considered respectively. The result shows: when the lateral pressure coefficient is identical, the depth is bigger the displacement is more bigger, and the displacement is strong influenced by the buried depth when the lateral pressure coefficient is big; In the same depth the tunnel is buried, the tunnel rocks displacement is slightly influenced by the lateral pressure coefficient when it is small, but the influence is seriously as the lateral pressure coefficient is big. The simulation in the context can be used to provide guide for joint rock tunnel excavation and supporting.

scholarly journals Estimating the age and mechanism of boulder transport related with extreme waves using lichenometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-897
Author(s):  
Maria A Oliveira ◽  
Esteve Llop ◽  
César Andrade ◽  
Cristina Branquinho ◽  
Ronald Goble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Extreme Waves ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Boulder Deposits ◽  
Lichen Growth

Tsunamis and storms cause considerable coastal flooding, numerous fatalities, destruction of structures, and erosion. The characterization of energy and frequency associated with each wave contribute to the risk assessment in coastal regions. Coastal boulder deposits represent a physical proof of extreme inundation and allow us to study the effects of marine floods further back in time than instrumental and historical records. Age estimation of these deposits is challenging due to lack of materials (such as sand, shells, corals, or organic matter) that retain information about the passage of time. Lichenometry, a simple age estimation method, which is cost-effective, quick to apply, and non-destructive, is here proposed as a solution. A lichen growth model for a calcium-tolerant lichen species was developed and used to estimate the age of a boulder deposit related to extreme marine inundation(s) in Portugal. Estimated ages indicate several very recent events (<700 years) for most of the boulders’ stabilization and agree with results obtained with optically stimulated luminescence of marine sands found beneath boulders. Frequent and recent boulder transport implies a storm-origin for this deposit. These conclusions contrast with other works describing identical deposits that are attributed to paleotsunamis. This study presents a methodology using lichenometry as a successful alternative for age estimation in rocky coastal settings. These results offer an alternative explanation for coastal boulder deposits found on the west coast of Portugal.

BIM-based building design coordination: processes, bottlenecks, and considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmad Mehrbod ◽  
Sheryl Staub-French ◽  
Melanie Tory
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Coordination Strategies ◽  
Design Coordination ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Coordination Process ◽  
The Many ◽  
Traditional Setting

Successful management of the building design coordination process is critical to the efficient delivery of cost-effective and quality projects. The traditional setting of design coordination, however, is inefficient and error-prone. Building information modelling (BIM) has proven valuable for increasing satisfaction with the meeting process and decreasing arguments over issues. Despite the many advantages of BIM tools, however, many design coordination issues remain undetected, design issues are poorly documented, and coordination strategies are inefficient. The objective of this study was to develop a characterization of the BIM building design coordination process, identify the bottlenecks in the current process, and provide design considerations to alleviate the bottlenecks. The bottlenecks include: outdated BIM, disconnected trades, lack of terminology, insufficient documentation, inefficient transitions across views and artifacts, unavailability of design information, information discrepancy, unfit navigation tools, and office–site disconnect. The outcomes of this research is useful for future construction projects and the software development community.

scholarly journals “Green” Biomaterials: The Promising Role of Honey

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Gregorio Bonsignore ◽  
Mauro Patrone ◽  
Simona Martinotti ◽  
Elia Ranzato
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
The Many

The development of nanotechnology has allowed us to better exploit the potential of many natural compounds. However, the classic nanotechnology approach often uses both dangerous and environmentally harmful chemical compounds and drastic conditions for synthesis. Nevertheless, “green chemistry” techniques are revolutionizing the possibility of making technology, also for tissue engineering, environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Among the many approaches proposed and among several natural compounds proposed, honey seems to be a very promising way to realize this new “green” approach.

scholarly journals The price of gold: The KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demmy Verbeke ◽  
Laura Mesotten
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Unrestricted Access

Watch the VIDEO.We need to ask ourselves why we support Open Access: is our main goal to provide free and unrestricted access to the results of scholarly research to everyone who might be interested, or is it to change the current model for scholarly communication because we consider it inefficient as well as too expensive? If our main goal is to open up research results as much as possible, there seems to be little reason to part ways with legacy publishers, who should – after initial resistance – prove to be willing partners as long as academic institutions are equally willing to pay. If, on the other hand, the intention is to introduce a new model for scholarly communication that operates according to cost-effective standards, then it seems very unlikely for academic institutions to achieve this together with the same partners, who have worked according to a commercial logic for decades. In short: do we want evolution or revolution?If we want a revolution, then it will not be brought by Green OA, which provides too little challenge for the traditional model for the publication and distribution of scholarly work. It will also not be brought by for-profit Gold OA, which is extremely expensive (even more so than the traditional model) and keeps commercial partners in control of the dissemination of research results. Therefore, an alternative model for no-profit Gold OA is on the rise, namely Fair Open Access. Publications in Fair Open Access are immediately freely available to all, are produced according to cost-effective (rather than commercial) principles and guarantee full control of researchers over the entire publication process.KU Leuven has been supporting Green OA through its institutional repository Lirias for many years already. As it is clear, however, that Green OA provides some but certainly not all of the solutions, the university was looking to intensify its efforts to maximize scholarly exchange, collaboration and innovation. This resulted in the establishment of the KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access in March 2018. This fund provides financial support for the production costs of OA monographs published by Leuven University Press as well as articles in selected OA journals, on the condition that these journals are published according to the Fair OA model and maintain the highest academic standards.This paper analyses current business models for OA, explains the reasoning behind the establishment of the KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access, discusses its day-to-day operation and presents its initial results.

scholarly journals Biotechnology for the Treatment of Pesticide Waste

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 699c-699
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Karns
Keyword(s):  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Parathion Hydrolase ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
The Many

The use of microbes and/or microbial processes for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with pesticides is an idea that has enjoyed considerable interest over the past several years. Many microbes with specific pathways for the degradation of particular pesticides, or classes of pesticide, have been isolated and characterized. Unfortunately, most sites that are heavily contaminated with pesticides contain a mixture of the many different types of pesticides that have been used over the last 5 decades. This complex mixture of compounds may inhibit microbial degradation or may require multiple treatments to assure that all the chemicals are degraded. Treatment of wastes before they contaminate the environment is one way to avoid the problems associated with mixed wastes. We have isolated a number of microorganisms that detoxify insecticides, such as carbaryl of parathion via the action of hydrolase enzymes. These enzymes can be used to treat waste pesticide solutions before disposal. A system was developed for the disposal of one high-volume organophosphate insecticide waste by treatment with parathion hydrolase, followed by ozonation to yield harmless products that were readily degraded by other soil microorganisms. A second method for disposal of this waste involves altering the environmental conditions in the waste to stimulate the growth of microorganisms naturally present in the material utilizing the pesticide as a carbon source. This accomplishes degradation of the material over a 2-week period. Many, if not all, pesticides are degradable to some degree by microorganisms, and this fact can be exploited to provide cost-effective methods for the safe disposal of pesticide wastes.

An Experimental Method for Multi-Variable Analysis of Vehicle Safety Systems and Application to Front Seats and Rear Occupant Interaction in Rear Impacts

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Saczalski ◽  
Sriringham Kumaresan ◽  
Anthony Sances ◽  
Joseph Lawson Burton ◽  
Paul R. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surrogate Data ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
The Many ◽  
Parameter Ranges ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Injury Potential ◽  
Variable Analysis

This study presents a combined experimental-analytical method for test efficient, and cost effective, multi-variable analysis of safety system performance related to occupant injury potential analyzed over wide parameter ranges. Experimental techniques such as the “two-level factorial” method, in combination with sled-buck test set-ups (that match vehicle crash characteristics), are applied to demonstrate the technique for front seat performance as it relates to injury potential of the front occupant and rear seated children during rear impacts. The surrogate data from the above test method is combined into a “polynomial response function,” such as HIC, which is developed as a function of the many variables, and allows for analytical “interpolation and extrapolation” at variable combinations not tested. A minimum of 4 test combinations are used to establish the “polynomial injury curves” as functions of two variables (i.e. impact severity and front occupant weight) for a given seat type. Inclusion of a third variable for evaluation of “seat strength effects” can be accomplished with a minimum of 8 test combinations for the factorial method. Both front adult and rear child interactions are studied. Three year-old H-III surrogates are used for the study of rear child passengers. Plots of test generated “polynomial” multi-variable HIC level curves for the front adult and rear child surrogates are presented as functions of impact severity and front occupant weight, for various seat types. Accident case head injury data of rear-seated children is used to verify the experimental-analytical method.

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