Induction of preneoplastic altered hepatic foci following dietary sulphur supplementation

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annu Arora ◽  
Yogeshwer Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Altered Hepatic Foci ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Sulphur is an essential micronutrient required by the body in low concentrations, but its high intake can lead to a serious health hazard. Sulphur compounds are reported to induce several toxic responses in animals, but so far no reports are available on the toxic effects of elemental sulphur, following dietary supplementation. The present investigation was carried out with the aim of providing an insight into the role of dietary supplementation of sulphur on the induction of altered hepatic foci (AHF) using medium term liver bioassay in Wistar rats. Induction of AHF are early neoplastic changes in rat liver in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated and 2-acetylamino fluorene (2-AAF)-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. The role of sulphur on induction of AHF was evaluated by the development of negative enzymatic foci for alkaline phosphatase (AlkPase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and positive foci for marker enzymes, glutamyl transferase (GGT), placental isozyme of glutathione-S transferase (GST-P). A significant dose-dependent decrease in the relative and absolute liver weight of sulphur-administered rats was recorded. Dietary supplementation of 2% and 4% sulphur significantly induces both negative and positive focal areas in terms of area and counts for AHF. However, 1% sulphur administration failed to induce AHF up to significant levels. The results thus revealed the possible tumorigenic risk associated with the high sulphur-containing diet.

scholarly journals Sex-based differences in hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride storage and metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh M. Beaudry ◽  
Michaela C. Devries
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Intramyocellular Lipids ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Women and men store lipid differently within the body with men storing more fat in the android region and women storing more fat in the gynoid region. Fat is predominately stored in adipose tissue as triacylglycerides (TG); however, TG are also stored in other tissues including the liver and skeletal muscle. Excess hepatic TG storage, defined as a TG concentration >5% of liver weight and known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is related to the metabolic syndrome. Similarly, elevated skeletal muscle TG, termed intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), are related to insulin resistance in obesity and type II diabetes. Men store more hepatic TG than women and, unsurprisingly, NAFLD is more prevalent in men than women. Women store more IMCL than men, yet type II diabetes risk is not greater, which is likely due to the manner in which women store TG within muscle. Sex-based differences in TG storage between men and women are underpinned by differences in messenger RNA expression, protein content, and enzyme activities of skeletal muscle and hepatic lipid metabolic pathways. Furthermore, women have a greater reliance on lipid during exercise because of upregulation of lipid oxidative pathways. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of sex in mediating lipid storage and metabolism within skeletal muscle and the liver at rest and during exercise and its relationship with metabolic disease.

scholarly journals Dietary quercetin abrogates hepatorenal oxidative damage associated with dichloromethane exposure in rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon E Owumi ◽  
Olabisi F Danso ◽  
Magdalene E Effiong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Chlorinated Solvent ◽  
Household Products ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Exposure to dichloromethane (DCM), a commonly used chlorinated solvent in industrial settings and for the production of many household products, reportedly elicits detrimental effects in animals and humans. The present study investigated the protective role of dietary quercetin on DCM-induced hepatorenal damage in rats. Experimental rats were orally administered with DCM (150 mg/kg) and 30 min later with quercetin at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg or none for 7 consecutive days. The results indicated that DCM-mediated significant (p<0.05) increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities as well as urea and creatinine levels were dose-dependently normalized to the control values in rats co-treated with quercetin. Further, quercetin co-treatment ameliorated DCM-mediated decrease in the hepatic and renal activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase as well as glutathione level in the treated rats. Moreover, quercetin co-treatment markedly reduced lipid peroxidation level and protected against histological changes in liver and kidney of the treated rats. Taken together, quercetin abrogated hepatorenal oxidative damage in DCM-treated rats via improvement of antioxidant status and suppression of oxidative damage.

Antioxidant Effect of Stevia Rebaudiana on Humanerythrocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Mohd Abu Zaid Yamini Anand
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract-The changing lifestyle and environment conditions have predisposed common man towards numerous diseases. Today most of the diseases are said to be caused by synthetic chemicals, toxic heavy metals, and the stress of modern living. It is also true that oxygen is essential for sustaining life but it is also dangerous to our existence. Oxygen is being viewed as playing a lead role in the generation of reactive intermediates, thereby causing cellular damage. Our body has the mechanism to handle free radicals and prevent its damaging effect, which involves the use of antioxidants as glutathione and antioxidant enzymes assuperoxidedismutase,catalase,glutathioneperoxidaseglutathionereductase, glutathione-S-transferase to counter these free radicals. When the redoxstatus of the body is overwhelmed by these radical species, this may result in variety of chronic diseases and even premature senility.The administration of natural antioxidant as food constitutes or therapeutic agents is looked-for to neutralize these reactive oxygen species and prevent or delay diseased condition caused by these reactive species. Most exogenous antioxidants come from raw vegetable fruits, spices, herbsandvariousmedicinalplants.Naturalantioxidants are always appreciated over synthetic ones because they lack toxic side effects. The present study deals with the effectsofStevia rebaudiana leaf extract on the statusantioxidant of RBC as evident by an in vitro dose-dependent decrease in the activity of erythrocytes superoxide dismutaseand catalase as compared to the normal control whereas at much higher concentration ofstevialeaf extract (100μg/ml)started to show a reversingtrendofitsprotectiveaction.

Fat and protein reserves of wintering and prebreeding rock ptarmigan from south Hudson Bay

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon G. Thomas ◽  
Richard Popko
Keyword(s):  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Rock Ptarmigan ◽  
Egg Formation ◽  
Lagopus Mutus

The proximate body composition and muscle and organ composition of rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus rupestris) were measured in birds collected during late winter at Winisk, Ontario, and just prior to breeding after their migration to southern Baffin Island. The neutral fat reserve was less than 4% of the body weight in male and female ptarmigan from both locations. This small lipid-energy reserve, coupled with the catabolism of labile protein, would not maintain the existence-energy requirements of rock ptarmigan for longer than 2 days during fasting winter conditions.The ovary weight and liver weight were not correlated with the neutral fat load of prebreeding females, but hypertrophy of the liver was apparent. In the absence of food the small amount of neutral fat and labile protein could help form only a fraction of the normal clutch size, but the possible role of these reserves in buffering short-term dietary shortages during egg formation is outlined. The small size of the energy reserves emphasizes the importance of persistent feeding during winter, to maintain homeothermy, and during egg formation, when the quantity and quality of food could be a proximate limiting factor in reproduction.

Enhancing effects of mustard oil on preneoplastic hepatic foci development in Wistar rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogeshwer Shukla ◽  
Annu Arora
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Altered Hepatic Foci ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Dietary habits are known to be the major contributory factor in the development of cancer. Mustard oil, which is extensively used in India and elsewhere as a frying and cooking medium, is reported to induce an inflammatory response. The development of altered hepatic foci is an early carcinogenic change in rat liver in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. In the present study, the development of preneoplastic lesions was observed following administration of mustard oil (0.5 mL/day for 8 weeks) in DEN-initiated and partially hepatomized Wistar rats. A significant decrease in the relative and absolute liver weight of mustard oil-exposed rats was recorded. The results revealed a significant increase in the number and area of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) and g-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-positive foci in mustard oil-administered animals. The GST-P and GGT-positive foci were more prominent in the animals given boiled (up to 3008C for 3 hours) mustard oil in comparison to the animals given fresh mustard oil. These results indicate the possible tumourigenic risk associated with mustard oil consumption.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

A Good Sentencing Precedent is Hard to Find

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Brian A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
College Admissions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Federal Sentencing

In federal criminal cases, federal law requires that judges consider the sentences other courts have imposed in factually similar matters. Courts and parties, however, face significant challenges in finding applicable sentencing precedents because judges do not typically issue written sentencing opinions, and transcripts of sentencings are not readily available in advanced searchable databases. At the same time, particularly since the Supreme Court’s 2005 decision in United States v. Booker, sentencing precedent has come to play a significant role in federal sentencing proceedings. By way of example, this article discusses recent cases involving defendants with gambling addictions, and recent cases involving college admissions or testing fraud. The article explores the ways the parties in those cases have used sentencing precedent in their advocacy, as well as the ways the courts involved have used sentencing precedent to justify their decisions. Given the important role of sentencing precedent in federal criminal cases, the article finally looks at ways in which the body of sentencing law could be made more readily available to parties and courts alike.

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