scholarly journals How advances in epidemiology are influencing older adult psychiatry

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Natalie Shoham ◽  
Claudia Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Adult Psychiatry ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Long Term Studies

SUMMARYShortcomings of randomised controlled clinical trials include their high cost, which often precludes very long-term studies and very large populations, and ethical constraints of randomisation. Observational studies are a valuable alternative and we outline their use in epidemiological research to study very long-term effects of lifestyle and medication on dementia, to explore (using Mendelian randomisation) the association between Alzheimer's dementia and individual traits, and to evaluate population-wide health inequalities and lifespan changes in risk factors for psychiatric illness.

scholarly journals Thyrotoxicosis Associated with Ustekinumab Treatment for Psoriasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Bayanne Olabi ◽  
Shanti Ayob
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Nature Awareness ◽  
Long Term Studies

Biologic treatments have revolutionised the management of psoriasis in recent years; however, data on their safety profile in large populations and long-term effects are being gathered on an ongoing basis. Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-12/23 used in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old Caucasian gentleman who developed thyrotoxicosis following the commencement of ustekinumab treatment. Following control of thyroid status by the Endocrinology team, this recurred after recommencement of ustekinumab on two further occasions over a 5-year period. This is the second known reported association of this nature. Awareness of these possible adverse effects is imperative in managing patients and informing decision-making, and further long-term studies will help elucidate the precise safety profiles of biologic treatments.

scholarly journals The short and long term effects of exercise training in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis – a randomised controlled trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie L Lee ◽  
Catherine J Hill ◽  
Nola Cecins ◽  
Sue Jenkins ◽  
Christine F McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Randomised Controlled

scholarly journals Long-term effects of an educational seminar on antibiotic prescribing by GPs: a randomised controlled trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (612) ◽  
pp. e455-e464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Le Corvoisier ◽  
Vincent Renard ◽  
Françoise Roudot-Thoraval ◽  
Thierry Cazalens ◽  
Kalaivani Veerabudun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Educational Seminar

scholarly journals Effects of a physiotherapist-led approach based on a biopsychosocial model for spinal disorders: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e055144
Author(s):  
Takahiro Miki ◽  
Yu Kondo ◽  
Hiroshi Kurakata ◽  
Tsuneo Takebayashi ◽  
Mina Samukawa
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spinal Disorders ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Cause Of Pain

IntroductionLow back pain and neck pain are among the most common musculoskeletal disorders, and their related medical costs are rising every year. Many interventions are based on the biopsychosocial (BPS) model since the cause of pain is more multifaceted. Physiotherapists have increased opportunities to perform multidisciplinary interventions alone in clinical practice due to a lack of understanding of the model and its cost. Therefore, physiotherapist-led interventions using the BPS model are important and require an updated report summarising their effectiveness. Thus, the purpose of this study will be to summarise and synthesise the effects of physiotherapist-led interventions using the BPS model for spinal disorders.Methods and analysisWe will search the Web of Science, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and PEDro electronic databases, using a date range from inception to September 2021. We will include only randomised controlled trials for patients diagnosed with spinal disorders who received physiotherapist-led interventions based on the BPS model. The search will be limited to English-language publications. Pain intensity and disability are the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes are any psychological factors. We will examine the short-term, medium-term and long-term effects, and a subgroup analysis will be conducted, if possible, to investigate the role of additional physiotherapist training.Ethics and disseminationThis study is exempt from ethical approval because it involves publicly available documents. The findings will be submitted for publication in a relevant peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021258071.

scholarly journals Effects of mycoprotein on glycaemic control and energy intake in humans: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 1321-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cherta-Murillo ◽  
Aaron M. Lett ◽  
James Frampton ◽  
Edward S. Chambers ◽  
Tim J. A. Finnigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractMycoprotein is a food high in both dietary fibre and non-animal-derived protein. Global mycoprotein consumption is increasing, although its effect on human health has not yet been systematically reviewed. This study aims to systematically review the effects of mycoprotein on glycaemic control and energy intake in humans. A literature search of randomised controlled trials was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar and hand search. A total of twenty-one studies were identified of which only five studies, totalling 122 participants, met the inclusion criteria. All five studies were acute studies of which one reported outcomes on glycaemia and insulinaemia, two reported on energy intake and two reported on all of these outcomes. Data were extracted, and risk-of-bias assessment was then conducted. The results did not show a clear effect of acute mycoprotein on blood glucose levels, but it showed a decrease in insulin levels. Acute mycoprotein intake also showed to decrease energy intake at an ad libitum meal and post-24 h in healthy lean, overweight and obese humans. In conclusion, the acute ingestion of mycoprotein reduces energy intake and insulinaemia, whereas its impact on glycaemia is currently unclear. However, evidence comes from a very limited number of heterogeneous studies. Further well-controlled studies are needed to elucidate the short- and long-term effects of mycoprotein intake on glycaemic control and energy intake, as well as the mechanisms underpinning these effects.

scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of Oxytocin

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana E McCormack ◽  
James E Blevins ◽  
Elizabeth A Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract There is growing evidence that oxytocin (OXT), a hypothalamic hormone well recognized for its effects in inducing parturition and lactation, has important metabolic effects in both sexes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the physiologic effects of OXT on metabolism and to explore its therapeutic potential for metabolic disorders. In model systems, OXT promotes weight loss by decreasing energy intake. Pair-feeding studies suggest that OXT-induced weight loss may also be partly due to increased energy expenditure and/or lipolysis. In humans, OXT appears to modulate both homeostatic and reward-driven food intake, although the observed response depends on nutrient milieu (eg, obese vs. nonobese), clinical characteristics (eg, sex), and experimental paradigm. In animal models, OXT is anabolic to muscle and bone, which is consistent with OXT-induced weight loss occurring primarily via fat loss. In some human observational studies, circulating OXT concentrations are also positively associated with lean mass and bone mineral density. The impact of exogenous OXT on human obesity is the focus of ongoing investigation. Future randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials in humans should include rigorous, standardized, and detailed assessments of adherence, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and efficacy in the diverse populations that may benefit from OXT, in particular those in whom hypothalamic OXT signaling may be abnormal or impaired (eg, individuals with Sim1 deficiency, Prader–Willi syndrome, or craniopharyngioma). Future studies will also have the opportunity to investigate the characteristics of new OXT mimetic peptides and the obligation to consider long-term effects, especially when OXT is given to children and adolescents. (Endocrine Reviews XX: XX – XX, 2020)

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