scholarly journals Emotion processing in depression and anxiety disorders in older adults: systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Gray ◽  
Katie M. Douglas ◽  
Richard J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Background Emotional cognition and effective interpretation of affective information is an important factor in social interactions and everyday functioning, and difficulties in these areas may contribute to aetiology and maintenance of mental health conditions. In younger people with depression and anxiety, research suggests significant alterations in behavioural and brain activation aspects of emotion processing, with a tendency to appraise neutral stimuli as negative and attend preferentially to negative stimuli. However, in ageing, research suggests that emotion processing becomes subject to a ‘positivity effect’, whereby older people attend more to positive than negative stimuli. Aims This review examines data from studies of emotion processing in Late-Life Depression and Late-Life Anxiety to attempt to understand the significance of emotion processing variations in these conditions, and their interaction with changes in emotion processing that occur with ageing. Method We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles that used an emotion-based processing task, examined older persons with depression or an anxiety disorder and included a healthy control group were included. Results In Late-Life Depression, there is little consistent behavioural evidence of impaired emotion processing, but there is evidence of altered brain circuitry during these processes. In Late-Life Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress disorder, there is evidence of interference with processing of negative or threat-related words. Conclusions How these findings fit with the positivity bias of ageing is not clear. Future research is required in larger groups, further examining the interaction between illness and age and the significance of age at disease onset.

scholarly journals Mindfulness based interventions for depression and anxiety in Asian Population: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
S. Thapaliya ◽  
K.D. Upadhyaya ◽  
R. Borschmann ◽  
P.P. Kuppili
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Term Efficacy

Introduction: Mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) have emerged as effective interventions for various psychiatric conditions including depression and anxiety. Asia being home to Buddhist tradition, it will be interesting to explore the trend and efficacy of MBIs in Asian population in Asian settings. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) for management of depression and anxiety (disorders or symptoms) in Asian population. Material And Method: Two researchers independently searched for literature published between January 2007 to December 2018 in Medline, Google Scholar, PsychInfo and Cochrane library using the search terms - ‘Mindfulness/Vipassana’ combined with ‘meditation’, ‘intervention’ ‘therapy’, ‘depression', ‘anxiety’ ‘Asia’ etc. Further, publications were also identified from the references recited in the retrieved articles. After screening 185 articles and applying the eligibility criteria, 40 articles were finally selected for the systematic review. Results: Out of 40 selected articles, 33 articles were controlled trials and 7 had a pre-post test design without any control group. Most of the published studies have evaluated MBCT and MBSR for depressive and anxiety symptoms in different settings. Some of the studies have tested traditional Buddhist meditation and modified models. Overall, MBCT and MBSR seem to be efficacious over ‘routine treatment’ or ‘no treatment’ control for reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms at the end of the treatment. Studies which have modified MBIs based on MBCT/MBSR models have also demonstrated their feasibility and short term efficacy in specific populations like medical professionals with evidence for short term efficacy. Conclusion: Overall, there is emerging evidence of MBIs for depression and anxiety across diverse settings in Asia. Future research should address methodological limitations of current research to strengthen the evidence.

Refining Evidence-Based Treatments for Late-Life Depression

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Grace C. Niu ◽  
Patricia A. Arean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

The recent increase in the aging population, specifically in the United States, has raised concerns regarding treatment for mental illness among older adults. Late-life depression (LLD) is a complex condition that has become widespread among the aging population. Despite the availability of behavioral interventions and psychotherapies, few depressed older adults actually receive treatment. In this paper we review the research on refining treatments for LLD. We first identify evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for LLD and the problems associated with efficacy and dissemination, then review approaches to conceptualizing mental illness, specifically concepts related to brain plasticity and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoc). Finally, we introduce ENGAGE as a streamlined treatment for LLD and discuss implications for future research.

033 The effect of sleep disturbance on cognition in late-life depression

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A15-A15
Author(s):  
Andrea Ricciardiello ◽  
Sharon Naismith ◽  
Angela D’Rozario ◽  
Fiona Kumfor ◽  
Rick Wassing
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Late Life Depression

Abstract Introduction Late-life depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in older adults and is associated with cognitive deficits, however, the role of sleep disturbance in cognitive deficits is poorly defined. In the current study we aimed to examine sleep macro and micro-architecture differences between those with late-life depression and controls. Secondly, we sought to determine how sleep changes relate to clinical memory and executive function measures in those with late-life depression and controls. Methods Using prior clinical data, this retrospective study assessed adults >50 years who had completed an overnight PSG study and comprehensive psychiatric, neuropsychological, and medical assessment. Memory performance was measured using the Weschler Memory Scale logical Memory 1 and 2 components, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Senior) 30-minute recall and Rey Complex Figure 3-minute recall. Executive function was defined by z scores from Trail Making Test, D-KEFS Stroop Test and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The sample comprised of 71 depressed participants, defined by a Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥6, and 101 non-depressed participants (GDS <6 and no lifetime history of depression using DSM-IV criteria). Results Contrary to our hypothesis no significant macroarchitectural differences were observed between the groups. Less time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) was associated with worse delayed memory recall scores in the depression group (z=.342, p=0.008) although this was not seen in the control group. SWS and slow wave activity (SWA) were not related to measures of executive function performance. Depressed participants demonstrated a reduced level of sleep spindles (Dep= 159 ±142.8, con= 213±163, p=.03) although there were no associations with memory outcomes. Conclusion Compared to younger adults with depression, macroarchitectural differences in those with late-life depression are not as pronounced, due to a reduction of SWS and SWA power as a function of ageing. The efficiency of SWS hippocampal dependent memory processes in depression may be reduced, therefore, more time spent in SWS is related to better memory performance. This study assessed the density of sleep spindles but not spindle and slow wave oscillation coupling which may be more important for hippocampal dependent memory. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Characteristics of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Older Adults Living in Residential Care: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Chan ◽  
Sunil Bhar ◽  
Tanya E. Davison ◽  
Colleen Doyle ◽  
Bob G. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Residential Settings

BACKGROUND The prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders are high in residential aged care settings. Older adults in such settings might be prone to these disorders because of losses associated with transitioning to residential care, uncertainty about the future, as well as a decline in personal autonomy, health, and cognition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious in treating late-life depression and anxiety. However, there remains a dearth of studies examining CBT in residential settings compared with community settings. Typically, older adults living in residential settings have higher care needs than those living in the community. To date, no systematic reviews have been conducted on the content and the delivery characteristics of CBT for older adults living in residential aged care settings. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to describe the systematic review protocol on the characteristics of CBT for depression and/or anxiety for older adults living in residential aged care settings. METHODS This protocol was developed in compliance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Studies that fulfill the inclusion criteria will be identified by systematically searching relevant electronic databases, reference lists, and citation indexes. In addition, the PRISMA flowchart will be used to record the selection process. A pilot-tested data collection form will be used to extract and record data from the included studies. Two reviewers will be involved in screening the titles and abstracts of retrieved records, screening the full text of potentially relevant reports, and extracting data. Then, the delivery and content characteristics of different CBT programs of the included studies, where available, will be summarized in a table. Furthermore, the Downs and Black checklist will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. RESULTS Systematic searches will commence in May 2018, and data extraction is expected to commence in July 2018. Data analyses and writing will happen in October 2018. CONCLUSIONS In this section, the limitations of the systematic review will be outlined. Clinical implications for treating late-life depression and/or anxiety, and implications for residential care facilities will be discussed. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO 42017080113; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=80113 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/70dV4Qf54) REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER RR1-10.2196/9902

Predictors of remission to antidepressants in late-life depression: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Caroline Masse ◽  
Djamila Bennabi ◽  
Julie Giustiniani ◽  
Emmanuel Haffen ◽  
Daniel Sechter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression

The Cerebrovascular Model of Depression in Late Life

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 712-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Lyness
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Vascular Depression ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk

ABSTRACTDepression in older people, especially depression with an older age of onset, may be a manifestation of acquired brain disease. The cerebrovascular model of depression, often referred to as “vascular depression,” hypothesizes that otherwise clinically occult small vessel brain disease contribute to the pathogeneses of some late-life depressive conditions. This paper reviews several lines of evidence supporting the cerebrovascular model and addresses the limitations of the existing literature. Several directions for future research are noted, including empirical testing of the notion that cerebrovascular disease might underlie the pathogeneses of depression with prominent executive dysfunction or other cognitive impairments. At this time, there are no specific therapeutic options for patients with suspected vascular depression beyond standard approaches to depression treatments, although education about the possibly greater risks of chronicity should be included in treatment planning. Therapy of cerebrovascular risk factors and stroke-risk reduction are important as consistent with general practice guidelines, although it is not known whether this will reduce the incidence or improve the outcome of late-life depression.

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