scholarly journals Mindfulness based interventions for depression and anxiety in Asian Population: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
S. Thapaliya ◽  
K.D. Upadhyaya ◽  
R. Borschmann ◽  
P.P. Kuppili
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Term Efficacy

Introduction: Mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) have emerged as effective interventions for various psychiatric conditions including depression and anxiety. Asia being home to Buddhist tradition, it will be interesting to explore the trend and efficacy of MBIs in Asian population in Asian settings. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) for management of depression and anxiety (disorders or symptoms) in Asian population. Material And Method: Two researchers independently searched for literature published between January 2007 to December 2018 in Medline, Google Scholar, PsychInfo and Cochrane library using the search terms - ‘Mindfulness/Vipassana’ combined with ‘meditation’, ‘intervention’ ‘therapy’, ‘depression', ‘anxiety’ ‘Asia’ etc. Further, publications were also identified from the references recited in the retrieved articles. After screening 185 articles and applying the eligibility criteria, 40 articles were finally selected for the systematic review. Results: Out of 40 selected articles, 33 articles were controlled trials and 7 had a pre-post test design without any control group. Most of the published studies have evaluated MBCT and MBSR for depressive and anxiety symptoms in different settings. Some of the studies have tested traditional Buddhist meditation and modified models. Overall, MBCT and MBSR seem to be efficacious over ‘routine treatment’ or ‘no treatment’ control for reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms at the end of the treatment. Studies which have modified MBIs based on MBCT/MBSR models have also demonstrated their feasibility and short term efficacy in specific populations like medical professionals with evidence for short term efficacy. Conclusion: Overall, there is emerging evidence of MBIs for depression and anxiety across diverse settings in Asia. Future research should address methodological limitations of current research to strengthen the evidence.

scholarly journals Mandibular dental arch short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes after slow or rapid maxillary expansion: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur César de Medeiros Alves ◽  
Olga Benário Vieira Maranhão ◽  
Guilherme Janson ◽  
Daniela Gamba Garib
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Blind Search

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes of the mandibular dental arch after slow (SME) or rapid (RME) maxillary expansion in the mixed and early permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria for article selection included randomized controlled trials and prospective studies written in English, with no restriction of year of publication, involving patients who underwent SME or RME during the mixed or early permanent dentitions. A double-blind search of articles was performed by two reviewers. Initially, the title and the abstract of the studies were read, and their references were also hand-searched for possible missing studies. A methodological quality scoring scale was used to analyze the selected articles. Results: The search retrieved 373 articles, but only 6 were selected for review after application of the eligibility and exclusion criteria. Non-clinically significant spontaneous dentoalveolar changes of approximately 1mm were found in the mandibular dental arch in the short and long-term, after slow or rapid maxillary expansions. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between treated and control groups. Conclusions: There is enough evidence to conclude that negligible short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes tend to occur in the mandibular dental arch after SME or RME in the mixed and early permanent dentitions. More randomized studies with appropriate control group are required to better evaluate this issue.

scholarly journals Associations of childhood exposure to malaria with cognition and behaviour outcomes: a systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW SENTOOGO SSEMATA ◽  
JACQUELLINE ANN NAKITENDE ◽  
SIMON KIZITO ◽  
ELIZABETH C WHIPPLE ◽  
PAUL BANGIRANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Malaria is one of the major contributing risk factors for poor development of children living in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). However, little is known about the specific domains of cognition and behaviour that are impacted by malaria, the extent of these deficits, and the different types of the malaria spectrum that are associated with these deficits. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the association of the different type of malaria infection on cognition and behavioural outcomes among children living in LMICs. Methods and analysis: We will systematically search online bibliographic databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO), PsycINFO (via EBSCO), Embase and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) as well as Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. We will include studies with a comparison group (e.g., clinical trials, cohort, observational, cross-sectional case–control and controlled before and after or interrupted–time–series studies) involving children under 18 years of age living in LMICs, as determined by World Bank Criteria, with either an active malaria infection or history of malaria. Included articles must also measure cognitive and/or behaviour outcomes determined by standardized psychological assessments (questionnaire-based scales and or neurocognitive assessments). Studies will be excluded if they are not in English, lack a control group, take place in a high-income country, or if a standardized instrument was not used. Two reviewers will independently review all articles to determine if they meet eligibility criteria. Any conflicts will be resolved after discussion with a third reviewer. When a list of included articles is finalized, two reviewers will extract data to populate and then cross check within an electronic table. Risk of bias and the strength of evidence and recommendations will be assessed independently using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, and a final score will be given upon consensus. For sufficiently homogeneous data on measured outcomes in multiple studies, we will investigate the possibility of pooling data to perform a meta-analysis. Discussion: This systematic review will evaluate the evidence of the association of malaria on the cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Findings from this planned review will generate insight on the domains affected by the different forms malaria infection and may inform subsequent malaria interventions and future research in paediatric care.Systematic review registration: This systematic review has been registered under the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42020154777)

Efficacy of Neurofeedback Interventions for Cognitive Rehabilitation Following Brain Injury: Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan I. Ali ◽  
Jeremy Viczko ◽  
Colette M. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Future Work

AbstractObjectives:Interest in neurofeedback therapies (NFTs) has grown exponentially in recent years, encouraged both by escalating public interest and the financial support of health care funding agencies. Given NFTs’ growing prevalence and anecdotally reported success in treating common effects of acquired brain injury (ABI), a systematic review of the efficacy of NFTs for the rehabilitation of ABI-related cognitive impairment is warranted.Methods:Eligible studies included adult samples (18+ years) with ABI, the use of neurofeedback technology for therapeutic purposes (as opposed to assessment), the inclusion of a meaningful control group/condition, and clear cognitive–neuropsychological outcomes. Initial automated search identified n = 86 candidate articles, however, only n = 4 studies met the stated eligibility criteria.Results:Results were inconsistent across studies and cognitive domains. Methodological and theoretical limitations precluded robust and coherent conclusions with respect to the cognitive rehabilitative properties of NFTs. We take the results of these systematic analyses as a reflection of the state of the literature at this time. These results offer a constructive platform to further discuss a number of methodological, theoretical, and ethical considerations relating to current and future NFT–ABI research and clinical intervention.Conclusions:Given the limited quantity and quality of the available research, there appears to be insufficient evidence to comment on the efficacy of NFTs within an ABI rehabilitation context at this time. It is imperative that future work increase the level of theoretical and methodological rigour if meaningful advancements are to be made understanding and evaluating NFT–ABI applications.

scholarly journals Prison cell spatial density and infectious and communicable diseases: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e026806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L Simpson ◽  
Melanie Simpson ◽  
Armita Adily ◽  
Luke Grant ◽  
Tony Butler
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ObjectiveTo summarise the extent and quality of evidence on the association between prison cell spatial density (a measure of crowding) and infectious and communicable diseases transmission among prisoners.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesEmbase, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycExtra, ProQuest Databases, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Index to Legal Periodicals, InformitOnline, Cochrane Library, Criminal Justice Abstracts and ICONDA were searched to 31 December 2018.Eligibility criteriaStudies that reported on the association between prison cell spatial density (measured in square feet or square metres of cell floor area per person) and infectious and communicable diseases in juvenile and adult populations incarcerated in a correctional facility.Data extraction and synthesisA review protocol was developed in consultation with an advisory panel. Two reviewers independently extracted data and used the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council’s (NHMRC) checklist to critically appraise individual studies. An assessment of the overall body of the evidence was conducted using the NHMRC’s Evidence Scale and Statement Form.ResultsA total of 5126 articles were initially identified with seven included in the review from Pakistan (2003), Chile (2016), Nigeria (2012, 2013) and the USA (1980s). Infectious and communicable disease outcomes included pneumococcal disease/acute pneumonia,Mycobacterium tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis infection, infectious skin conditions and contagious disease reporting to the prison clinic. Five articles reported statistically significant positive associations but were countered by associations possibly being explained by chance, bias or confounding factors. Heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis.ConclusionOverall, the body of evidence provides some support for an association between prison cell special density and infectious and communicable diseases, but care should be taken in the interpretation and transferability of the findings. Future research and policy responses should adequately consider prospective mediating factors implicated in associations between cell spatial density and health effects.

scholarly journals Improving Reading Through Videogames and Digital Apps: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Ostiz-Blanco ◽  
Javier Bernacer ◽  
Irati Garcia-Arbizu ◽  
Patricia Diaz-Sanchez ◽  
Luz Rello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
First Language ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
And Control

Background: The use of electronic interventions to improve reading is becoming a common resource. This systematic review aims to describe the main characteristics of randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies that have used these tools to improve first-language reading, in order to highlight the features of the most reliable studies and guide future research.Methods: The whole procedure followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered before starting the process (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/CKM4N). Searches in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and an institutional reference aggregator (Unika) yielded 6,230 candidate articles. After duplicate removal, screening, and compliance of eligibility criteria, 55 studies were finally included.Results: They were research studies on improving first-language reading, both in children and adults, and including a control group. Thirty-three different electronic tools were employed, most of them in English, and studies were very diverse in sample size, length of intervention, and control tasks. Risk of bias was analyzed with the PEDro scale, and all studies had a medium or low risk. However, risk of bias due to conflicts of interest could not be evaluated in most studies, since they did not include a statement on this issue.Conclusion: Future research on this topic should include randomized intervention and control groups, with sample sizes over 65 per group, interventions longer than 15 h, and a proper disclosure of possible conflicts of interest.Systematic Review Registration: The whole procedure followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered before starting the process in the Open Science Framework (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/CKM4N).

scholarly journals Utility of perfusion imaging in acute stroke treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1012-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Hyung A Ryu ◽  
Michael B Avery ◽  
Navjit Dharampal ◽  
Isabel E Allen ◽  
Steven W Hetts
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Stroke Treatment

BackgroundVariability in imaging protocols and techniques has resulted in a lack of consensus regarding the incorporation of perfusion imaging into stroke triage and treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate the available scientific evidence regarding the utility of perfusion imaging in determining treatment eligibility in patients with acute stroke and in predicting their clinical outcome.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library focusing on themes of medical imaging, stroke, treatment, and outcome (CRD42016037817). We included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-controlled studies published from 2011 to 2016. Two independent reviewers conducted the study appraisal, data abstraction, and quality assessments of the studies.ResultsOur literature search yielded 13 studies that met our inclusion criteria. In total, 994 patients were treated with the aid of perfusion imaging compared with 1819 patients treated with standard care. In the intervention group 51.1% of patients had a favorable outcome at 3 months compared with 45.6% of patients in the control group (p=0.06). Subgroup analysis of studies that used multimodal therapy (IV tissue plasminogen activator, endovascular thrombectomy) showed a significant benefit of perfusion imaging (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.51, p<0.01).ConclusionsPerfusion imaging may represent a complementary tool to standard radiographic assessment in enhancing patient selection for reperfusion therapy, with a subset of patients having up to 1.9 times the odds of achieving independent functional status at 3 months. This is particularly important as patients selected based on perfusion status often included individuals who did not meet the current treatment eligibility criteria.

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise interventions using digital activity trackers (E-DAT) in cancer patients.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 108-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Schaffer ◽  
Narmadha Panneerselvam ◽  
Kah Poh Loh ◽  
Rachel Herrmann ◽  
Ian Kleckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Activity Trackers

108 Background: Exercise ameliorates cancer and treatment-related toxicities but adherence to exercise is a barrier. Few studies in the general population suggest that E-DAT may improve exercise adherence. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of E-DAT on physical function, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and serum inflammatory markers during and after cancer treatment. Methods: We used PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify RCTs of E-DAT in cancer patients aged ≥18 years published in English between 1/1/2008 and 7/27/2017. Two authors independently reviewed the titles of articles from the search (n = 160), removed duplicates (n = 49), and reviewed the remaining 111 articles for eligibility and substantive results. We excluded RCTs that used digital activity trackers solely for data collection. Results: Twelve RCTs met eligibility criteria, including 1,450 patients (mean age: 50-70 years) with the following cancers: breast (n = 5 RCTs), colon or breast (n = 2), prostate (n = 1), acute leukemia (n = 1) and various type (n = 3). Duration of E-DAT ranged from 4-24 weeks. Follow-up period was 4-24 weeks with retention of 54-95%. Half of the RCTs had E-DAT with in-person exercise training and the rest had self-directed training. The technology component of E-DAT included pedometers (n = 8); pedometers with smart phone application (n = 1), Wii-Fit (n = 1), or heart rate monitor (n = 1); and a wireless sensor with accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer (n = 1). Adherence to E-DAT was > 70% in 5 of 7 RCTs. Compared to controls (exercise interventions without digital activity trackers or standard of care), E-DAT significantly improved the step count in 60% of 5 RCTs, activity level in 56% of 9 RCTs, and HRQOL in 56% of 9 RCTs (all p < 0.05), with no significant changes of inflammatory markers (i.e. TNF, CRP, c-peptide) in 2 RCTs. No significant correlations were found between duration of E-DAT with adherence (Spearman’s r = 0.16; p = 0.75) or study retention (Spearman’s r = -0.42; p = 0.17). Conclusions: This systematic review shows that E-DAT is feasible to implement in cancer patients. Future research should examine the optimal type, dose and schedule of E-DAT.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ß-AMYLOID BRAIN LEVELS IN HUMANS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. de Souto Barreto ◽  
B. Vellas ◽  
S. Andrieu ◽  
Y. Rolland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Β Amyloid

Physical activity (PA) contributes to brain health and plasticity, which suggests that PA would protect against the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, research on PA and AD biomarkers is very scarce. The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review of studies that investigated the associations between PA and β-amyloid brain deposition in humans. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, SportDiscus, PEDro, and PsychInfo databases. Articles were eligible if they have assessed both PA and β-amyloid brain deposition in humans. Five articles, published between 2010 and 2013, met eligibility criteria (study population varied across studies from 54 to 515, according with the β-amyloid measure. All five studies assessed both PA and PET-amyloid; among them, two studies also assessed CSF Aβ42 levels). All studies were based on cross-sectional data, from non-demented populations. Among the five included studies, three found significant associations between PA and β-amyloid brain deposition, and the other two did not find any significant association; limited evidence suggests that PA-amyloid plaques associations would be APOE ε4 allele-specific. In sum, no solid conclusions can be drawn on the associations between PA and human β-amyloid brain deposition currently. Future research on this topic should particularly pay attention to the operationalisation of clinically relevant and valid PA variables and should include important confounders in multivariate analysis. More information is needed on the potential interactions between PA and other AD risk factors (e.g., cognitive activities, APOE ε4 status, nutrition, smoking) and their combined effects on AD biomarkers.

scholarly journals Emotion processing in depression and anxiety disorders in older adults: systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Gray ◽  
Katie M. Douglas ◽  
Richard J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Background Emotional cognition and effective interpretation of affective information is an important factor in social interactions and everyday functioning, and difficulties in these areas may contribute to aetiology and maintenance of mental health conditions. In younger people with depression and anxiety, research suggests significant alterations in behavioural and brain activation aspects of emotion processing, with a tendency to appraise neutral stimuli as negative and attend preferentially to negative stimuli. However, in ageing, research suggests that emotion processing becomes subject to a ‘positivity effect’, whereby older people attend more to positive than negative stimuli. Aims This review examines data from studies of emotion processing in Late-Life Depression and Late-Life Anxiety to attempt to understand the significance of emotion processing variations in these conditions, and their interaction with changes in emotion processing that occur with ageing. Method We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles that used an emotion-based processing task, examined older persons with depression or an anxiety disorder and included a healthy control group were included. Results In Late-Life Depression, there is little consistent behavioural evidence of impaired emotion processing, but there is evidence of altered brain circuitry during these processes. In Late-Life Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress disorder, there is evidence of interference with processing of negative or threat-related words. Conclusions How these findings fit with the positivity bias of ageing is not clear. Future research is required in larger groups, further examining the interaction between illness and age and the significance of age at disease onset.

scholarly journals The effects of childhood exposure to malaria on cognition and behaviour. A systematic review protocol.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW SENTOOGO SSEMATA ◽  
JACQUELLINE ANN NAKITENDE ◽  
SIMON KIZITO ◽  
ELIZABETH C WHIPPLE ◽  
PAUL BANGIRANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Malaria is one of the major contributing risk factors for poor development of children living in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). However, little is known about the specific domains of cognition and behaviour that are impacted by malaria, the extent of these deficits, and the different types of the malaria spectrum that are associated with these deficits. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the effect of the different type of malaria infection on cognition and behaviour among children living in LMICs. Methods and analysis: We will systematically search online bibliographic databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO), PsycINFO (via EBSCO), EMBASE and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) as well as Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. We will include studies with a comparison group (e.g., clinical trials, cohort, observational, cross-sectional case–control and controlled before and after or interrupted–time–series studies) involving children under 18 years of age living in LMICs, as determined by World Bank Criteria, with either an active malaria infection or history of malaria. Included articles must also measure cognitive and/or behaviour outcomes determined by standardized psychological assessments (questionnaire-based scales and or neurocognitive assessments). Studies will be excluded if they are not in English, lack a control group, take place in a high-income country, or if a standardized instrument was not used. Two reviewers will independently review all articles to determine if they meet eligibility criteria. Any conflicts will be resolved after discussion with a third reviewer. When a list of included articles is finalized, two reviewers will extract data to populate and then cross check within an electronic table. Risk of bias and the strength of evidence and recommendations will be assessed independently using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, and a final score will be given upon consensus. For sufficiently homogeneous data on measured outcomes in multiple studies, we will investigate the possibility of pooling data to perform a meta-analysis. Discussion: This systematic review will evaluate the evidence of the effect of malaria on the cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Findings from this planned review will generate insight on the domains affected by the different forms malaria infection and may inform subsequent malaria interventions and future research in paediatric care.Systematic review registration: This systematic review has been registered under PROSPERO: CRD42020154777

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