The Urban Distribution of Non-Fatal Deliberate Self-Harm

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gethin Morgan ◽  
Helen Pocock ◽  
Susan Pottle
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The City

Summary1. The incidence of non-fatal deliberate self-harm throughout the City of Bristol during 1972 and 1973 was assessed by means of a survey of patients presenting to Accident and Emergency Departments of hospitals in the area. Fatal or repeated acts of self-harm were not included in the survey. 2. The rates for females exceeded those for males at all ages, with peak incidence of 645 per 100,000 females (age group 15–29 years) and 334 per 100,000 males (age group 25–29 years). Ninety-three per cent had taken a drug overdose of some kind. 3. The problem was found in all electoral wards of the city, though its distribution was markedly centripetal, with a central area having morbidity rates up to 2.8 times that for the city as a whole. 4. The socio-economic correlates of deliberate self-harm were examined by reference both to a series of 368 patients interviewed soon after the event and to the pattern of its distribution throughout the city. A significant positive association was found with areas of overcrowding, lack of exclusive domestic amenities and high proportion of foreign born residents, but there was no correlation with the proportion of persons living alone nor with the type of accommodation. 5. The central high rate area was found to be heterogeneous in socio-economic terms, ranging from a student and young professionals' bed-sitter area to one with a high proportion of unskilled manual labourers and New Commonwealth immigrants. 6. The aetiological implications of the ecological findings for deliberate self-harm throughout the city are discussed.

scholarly journals Deliberate Self-Harm: Clinical and Socio-Economic Characteristics of 368 Patients

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gethin Morgan ◽  
Christopher J. Burns-Cox ◽  
Helen Pocock ◽  
Susan Pottle
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Functional Psychosis ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department ◽  
Previous Occasion

SummaryIn this study 368 patients were interviewed after they had attended the Bristol Royal Infirmary Accident and Emergency Department following a non-fatal act of deliberate self-harm. There were twice as many women (247) as men (121), and two thirds of the patients were in the 15–35 age group. Ninety-five per cent had taken a drug overdose, most commonly one or more of the tranquillizers, antidepressants, hypnotics or analgesics. Seventy-eight per cent had taken drugs prescribed by a doctor. Half the patients mentioned interpersonal conflict as a major precipitating factor in the episode. A psychiatric diagnosis was completed for all admitted patients, of whom 52 per cent were considered to be suffering from neurotic depression, 29 per cent from personality disorder, 12 per cent from functional psychosis and 10 per cent from alcohol addiction. Almost half had deliberately harmed themselves on a previous occasion. The series showed a greater than average incidence of unemployment, overcrowded living conditions, divorce and antisocial behaviour. The implications of these findings for the clinical management and prevention of non-fatal deliberate self-harm are discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of São Luís, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Santos-Neto ◽  
Mellina Yamamura ◽  
Maria Concebida da Cunha Garcia ◽  
Marcela Paschoal Popolin ◽  
Tatiane Ramos dos Santos Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

OBJECTIVE: To characterize deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis, according to sociodemographic and operational variables, in the city of São Luís, Brazil, and to describe their spatial distribution. METHODS: This was an exploratory ecological study based on secondary data from death certificates, obtained from the Brazilian Mortality Database, related to deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis. We included all deaths attributed to pulmonary tuberculosis that occurred in the urban area of São Luís between 2008 and 2012. We performed univariate and bivariate analyses of the sociodemographic and operational variables of the deaths investigated, as well as evaluating the spatial distribution of the events by kernel density estimation. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 193 deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis in São Luís. The median age of the affected individuals was 52 years. Of the 193 individuals who died, 142 (73.60%) were male, 133 (68.91%) were Mulatto, 102 (53.13%) were single, and 64 (33.16%) had completed middle school. There was a significant positive association between not having received medical care prior to death and an autopsy having been performed (p = 0.001). A thematic map by density of points showed that the spatial distribution of those deaths was heterogeneous and that the density was as high as 8.12 deaths/km2. CONCLUSIONS: The sociodemographic and operational characteristics of the deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis evaluated in this study, as well as the identification of priority areas for control and surveillance of the disease, could promote public health policies aimed at reducing health inequities, allowing the optimization of resources, as well as informing decisions regarding the selection of strategies and specific interventions targeting the most vulnerable populations.

Suicide and Parasuicide in Childhood and Early Adolescence

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Brooksbank
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Age Range

Suicide is intentional self-killing, and parasuicide an act of deliberate self-harm—either by injury, ingestion or inhalation—not resulting in death (Blacket al,1982). Both are rare under the age of 12 and the rate of suicide in those under 16 remains consistently low. Referrals to psychiatric services reported by Shaffer (1974) indicated that 7–10% were for threatened or attempted suicide, while Hawton (1982) quoted studies giving the incidence as 10–33% for children aged six to 12; in England and Wales (1962–1968), suicide accounted for 0.6% of deaths in the 10–14 age-range. McClure (1984) found that between 1975 and 1980, only ten such deaths were recorded in the 13-and-under range, and 26 deaths in the 14 year-olds, after which the number of suicides rose sharply with each successive year. That study also showed that parasuicide was most common in the 15–24 age-group, but at younger ages there was a higher proportion of undetermined deaths, as against officially recorded suicides. The social taboos associated with suicide may lead to its systematic under-reporting, but even allowing for that, the phenomenon is still a rare one under the age of 16.

Concordance of clinical estimation of suicidal intent

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen S Keeley ◽  
Carmel McAuliffe ◽  
Paul Corcoran ◽  
Ivan J Perry
Keyword(s):  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Suicidal Intent ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Psychometric Instruments ◽  
Suicide Intent ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Level Of Agreement

AbstractObjective: The aim of this paper is to assess the level of agreement between clinical estimates of suicidal intent based entirely on information recorded in the Accident and Emergency acute assessment and Beck's Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) scores.Method: As part of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study of Parasuicide, cases of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in Cork city hospitals were monitored. Over the period 1995-1997, the information recorded in the Accident and Emergency acute assessment was examined by a psychiatrist and, if possible on the available evidence, clinical estimates were made at three levels of suicidal intent: minimal, moderate and definite. Seventy-nine of these cases had fully completed Beck's SIS. Statistical comparison was made between the results of the SIS and the clinical estimate of suicide intent.Results: The agreement (Kappa = 0.146, p = 0.046) and concordance (Lin's concordance coefficient = 0.330, p = 0.001) between the two ratings are statistically significant but both are low. The overlap between those identified as high or low intent is low.Conclusions: These findings indicate low agreement between a clinician's rating of suicide intent based on clinical records and Beck's SIS. This is especially relevant given the increasing reliance on psychometric instruments in assessment in psychiatry. However, further investigation is necessary to clarify which is the more valid method.

scholarly journals Effects of education on attitudes to deliberate self-harm

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Turnbull ◽  
Trudie Chalder
Keyword(s):  
General Knowledge ◽  
Attitude Questionnaire ◽  
Specialist Service ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Teaching Package ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Accident and emergency (A&E) staff completed a general knowledge and attitude questionnaire related to suicide and deliberate self-harm (DSH) before and after a teaching package. The results showed an increase in general knowledge while attitudes remained the same. Following the teaching package there was an increase in the number of patients who contacted the Specialist Service for DSH.

Money and happiness: does age make a difference?

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHANG-MING HSIEH
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTAlthough the factors that influence people's perception of happiness have long been a focus for scholars, research to date has not offered conclusive findings on the relationships between income, age and happiness. This study examined the relationship between money and happiness across age groups. Analysing data from United States General Social Surveys from 1972 to 2006, this study finds that even after controlling for all the major socio-demographic variables, income (whether household income or personal equivalised income) had a significant positive association with happiness for young and middle-age adults, but it was not the same case with older adults. After controlling for the major socio-demographic variables, there was no evidence of a significant relationship between income (whichever definition) and happiness for older adults. The results also showed that the effect of household income on happiness was significantly smaller for older adults than for young or middle-age adults in the model controlling for major socio-demographic variables. The relationship between household income and happiness no longer differed significantly across age groups after social comparison variables were included. The relationship between equivalised income and happiness did not vary significantly by age group after controlling for the major socio-demographic variables.

scholarly journals Assessment of Tobacco Dependence in Al-Bayda City, Libya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zainab Gazi ◽  
Awatif Shamata
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Random Group ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Tobacco is the second leading cause of the death in adults in the world today. This is because of tobacco dependence. Therefore, aim of this study is to assess the level of nicotine dependence through a small random group of smokers in the city of Al-Bayda using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and to know the extent of desire to quit and take action. The study included 150 male smokers, with an age group ranging between 18-60 years, in the period between February and June 2020 through a questionnaire containing six questions from the Fagerstrom test and collected smoking risks and presence of smoking cessation medications. Data were collected and statistically evaluated using chi-square. Most of the participants had a family history, they were smoking imitating brother, father and friends. The average number of cigarettes consumed was more than 31 cigarettes per day, with a 5-minute time difference being the highest. The rate of desire to smoke was observed in the morning hours more than others. The proportion was also high for those who were unable to stop in public even while ill. Most of them are aware of the existence of drugs that help in smoking cessation. As for the attempts to quit, there were attempts during different periods of time, most of which failed due to physical and social reasons. Most of the results indicate a high rate of dependence among smokers, for reasons that may be social and economic. Therefore, we need more data and a wider study area through health centers and try to understand the reasons for returning to smoking and treating them. work to validate reliability.

scholarly journals Does Lent affect rates of deliberate self-harm?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
N. Moloney ◽  
K. Glynn ◽  
E. Harding ◽  
V. Murphy ◽  
G. Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Self Harm

Background Research has shown that religious affiliation has a protective effect against deliberate self-harm. This is particularly pronounced in periods of increased religious significance, such as periods of worship, celebration, and fasting. However, no data exist as to whether this effect is present during the Christian period of Lent. Our hypothesis was that Lent would lead to decreased presentations of self-harm emergency department (ED) in a predominantly Catholic area of Ireland. Methods Following ethical approval, we retrospectively analysed data on presentations to the ED of University Hospital Limerick during the period of Lent and the 40 days immediately preceding it. Frequency data were compared using Pearson’s chi-squared tests in SPSS. Results There was no significant difference in the overall number of people presenting to the ED with self-harm during Lent compared to the 40 days preceding it (χ2 = 0.75, df = 1, p > 0.05), and there was no difference in methods of self-harm used. However, there was a significant increase in attendances with self-harm during Lent in the over 50’s age group (χ2 = 7.76, df = 1, p = 0.005). Conclusions Based on our study, Lent is not a protective factor for deliberate self-harm and was associated with increased presentations in the over 50’s age group. Further large-scale studies are warranted to investigate this finding as it has implications for prevention and management of deliberate self-harm.

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