scholarly journals Assessment of Tobacco Dependence in Al-Bayda City, Libya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zainab Gazi ◽  
Awatif Shamata
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Random Group ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Tobacco is the second leading cause of the death in adults in the world today. This is because of tobacco dependence. Therefore, aim of this study is to assess the level of nicotine dependence through a small random group of smokers in the city of Al-Bayda using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and to know the extent of desire to quit and take action. The study included 150 male smokers, with an age group ranging between 18-60 years, in the period between February and June 2020 through a questionnaire containing six questions from the Fagerstrom test and collected smoking risks and presence of smoking cessation medications. Data were collected and statistically evaluated using chi-square. Most of the participants had a family history, they were smoking imitating brother, father and friends. The average number of cigarettes consumed was more than 31 cigarettes per day, with a 5-minute time difference being the highest. The rate of desire to smoke was observed in the morning hours more than others. The proportion was also high for those who were unable to stop in public even while ill. Most of them are aware of the existence of drugs that help in smoking cessation. As for the attempts to quit, there were attempts during different periods of time, most of which failed due to physical and social reasons. Most of the results indicate a high rate of dependence among smokers, for reasons that may be social and economic. Therefore, we need more data and a wider study area through health centers and try to understand the reasons for returning to smoking and treating them. work to validate reliability.

scholarly journals Association Between Tobacco Dependence and Quit Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1477-1482
Author(s):  
Hemashree J ◽  
Arthi Balasubramaniam ◽  
Manjari Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Quit Rate ◽  
Tobacco Usage

Tobacco usage is a major cause of death from cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary diseases. Nicotine addiction which causes physical and psychological dependency, might function as a barrier to smoking cessation. This study aimed to find the association between tobacco dependence and quit rate. A retrospective study was conducted using case records of patients visiting University hospital. About 100 case reports containing information on tobacco dependence and quit rate (in terms of a number of relapses) were retrieved and analysed. Descriptive statistics was done to present the sociodemographic details. Chi-square association to find the association tobacco dependence and relapse rate. Tobacco dependence was higher in males compared to females among all the age groups. It was seen that high nicotine dependence was noted among the subjects of the age group 51 - 60 years (3%). Quit rate with less number of relapses was noted among individuals with low tobacco dependence. There was a statistically significant association between tobacco dependence and quit status (p=0.000). Males (36.5%) had more relapse rate compared to females. About 44.4% of patients with medium dependence had a high number of relapses followed by patients with very low dependence (30.56%). Among 18% of patients with high nicotine dependence, 10% of patients had more number of relapses. Very low and low dependence have more number of relapses with no association between nicotine dependence and quit status.

Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

“Abortion Culture” in Russia: Its Origins, Scope, and Challenge to Social Development

2005 ◽  
Vol os-22 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Karpov ◽  
Kimmo Kääriäinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Legacies ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Demographic Condition

This paper focuses on one aspect of Russia's critical demographic condition: its extraordinarily high rate of abortion. We show that much in the current crisis may be attributed to the persistent cultural legacies of the Soviet past. Using survey data collected in Russia in 2002 along with the 1998 ISSP Religion II data, historical accounts, and statistics on abortion, we suggest that the “abortion culture” that emerged in Russia under communism has had a lasting impact on Russians' perceptions of this issue. This “culture” manifests itself in the widespread and deep-seated view that abortion is a “normal” way of dealing with medical and socioeconomic hardships in personal and family life. These beliefs may account for the fact that Russia's abortion rate is still among the highest in the world, despite generational replacement in the at-risk age group, dramatically improved access to modern contraceptives, and greater openness of public discussion of sexual and reproductive issues. The theoretical importance of this study, in our view, transcends its empirical boundaries: it points to powerful limitations that the informal, unofficial and mundane institutions that had emerged under communism impose on social development and social policy in post-communist societies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the city of Porto Alegre, in Southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 959-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Linden Junior ◽  
Jefferson Becker ◽  
Pedro Schestatsky ◽  
Francisco Tellechea Rotta ◽  
Carlo Domenico Marrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Extensive Investigation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Regional Association ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Objective : To determine the prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Method : We conducted an extensive investigation in clinics and hospitals that provide specialized assistance to these patients, contacted neurologists and the regional association of people with ALS. Results : On July 31, 2010, 70 patients were alive and diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Considering the population living in the city in the same period (1,409,351), the estimated prevalence was 5.0 cases per 100,000 people (95% CI, 3.9-6.2), being higher for men (5.2/100,000 95% CI, 3.6-7.2) than for women (4.8/100,000 95% CI, 3.4-6.5). The prevalence increased with age peaking in the age group 70-79 years in both genders. Conclusion : The prevalence of ALS in the city of Porto Alegre is similar to that reported in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Marketing strategies for tourist destinations of the canton sucre

Centro Sur ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda De Luca ◽  
Julio Beccar ◽  
Roxana León Nevárez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exclusion Processes ◽  
Social Cartography ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

This study aims to generate reflection processes on the factors that influence the inclusion / exclusion processes of older adults who live in the Sergio Toral 1 cooperative in the city of Guayaquil to promote their participation and integration in their territory. This research represents a contribution to the city of Guayaquil, since it will not only benefit older adults, but, in turn, will deconstruct erroneous perceptions that society presents about aging, hoping that, through this process, direct, educate and transform the community into an inclusive group, leaving aside prejudices and stereotypes deeply rooted in culture. The research has a qualitative design with an exploratory scope. The data were collected through the application of surveys to the elderly, the inhabitants of the community (neighborhood actors), the interviews applied to the elderly, the observation and the social cartography constructed with the neighborhood leaders. Factors such as insecurity, lack of infrastructure, lack of accessible health centers, and fractured communication and interaction circuits between the population of the sector and the elderly affect the perception of exclusion of this age group.

scholarly journals Women who smoke and stop during pregnancy: who are they?

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liane G. Reis ◽  
Cláudio Jerônimo da Silva ◽  
Arlene Trindade ◽  
Margarida Abrahão ◽  
Vilma Aparecida da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The City ◽  
Present Pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: to identify factors involved in not stopping smoking in spite of being pregnant. METHODS: standardized interviews were applied to 486 pregnant women in the pre-natal clinics of four health centers in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between April 2003 and February 2004. Every time a smoker was identified, an additional interview, which included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Fagerströn scale for nicotine dependence, and the Screening Questionnaire for Adult Mental Disorders, was carried out. RESULTS: the prevalence of smoking, in the initial stages of pregnancy was 21.1%. Most smokers presented a low level of nicotine dependence. Thirty-six percent of them stopped smoking by the first trimester of the present pregnancy without any specific medical intervention. Important differences between those who were able to stop and those who were not were alcohol intake and number of previous attempts at abstinence. Women who stopped smoking drank less during gestation. CONCLUSIONS: stopping smoking during pregnancy seems to be linked to a non-specific drive towards the well-being of the fetus. The number of previous attempts at abstinence was positively related to stopping at the beginning of pregnancy. In spite of the prevalence of the problem, there is still inadequate support for smokers in the prenatal services.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIL (PSK) DENGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG HIV/AIDS DI STASIUN PONCOL KOTA SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Sawitry Sawitry
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Hiv Aids

Latar Belakang Penyakit HIV/AIDS telah menyita perhatian berbagai kalangan, tidak hanya yang terkait dengan domain kesehatan saja. Kasus penyakit yang menyerang sistem kekebalan ini, di Indonesia senantiasa meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Angka yang dirilis oleh ditjen PP&PL Kemenkes RI menyebutkan bahwa kasus HIV tahun 2011 (Januari samapai dengan September) tercatat sebanyak 15.589 kasus, sedangkan kasus AIDS sebanyak 1.805,sedangkan di Jawa Tengah menempati urutan pertama dengan penderita AIDS sebanyak 373 orang dengan jumlah akumulasi AIDS sebanyak 1315 orang dan kasus HIV sebanyak 877 orang dengan jumlah akumulasi HIV sebanyak 2.400, dan di kota Semarang dilaporkan data akumulasi kasus AIDS sebanyak 197 orang dan HIV sebanyak 769. Jumlah kasus AIDS menurut pekerjaan penjaja seks sebanyak 681 orang, terdapat 57% PSK lokalisasi dan 68% PSK jalanan.Tujuan: menganalisa hubungan karakteristik PSK dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS di stasiun Poncol Semarang. Metode: Jenis penelitian korelasional menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah 37 sampel responden. Uji hubungan antar variabel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi Square. Hasil: sebagian besar PSK berumur 21-36 tahun sebanyak 25 orang (67,6%), tingkat pendidikan sebagian besar PSK berpendidikan SD/SMP sebanyak 18 PSK (48,6%), sosial ekonomi sebagian besar PSK berpendapatan < Rp. 991.500 yaitu 26 (70,3%), dan 18 PSK (48,5%) berpengetahuan kurang. Dari uji chi square diperoleh hasil ada hubungan antara karakteristik PSK dengan tingakat pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS.Saran: hasil penelitian tersebut diharapkan responden untuk melakukan pemeriksaan rutin ke tempat pelayanan kesehatan terdekat. Kata Kunci: Karakteristik; Pengetahua; , HIV/AIDS CORRELATION CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS WITH KNOWLEDGE OF HIV/AIDS IN PONCOL STATION SEMARANG CITY  Abstract Introduction Background HIV / AIDS has seized the attention of various circles, not only related to the health domain only. Cases of a disease that attacks the immune system is, in Indonesia constantly increasing from year to year. Figures released by the directorate general PP & PL Strathmore University states that HIV cases in 2011 (January samapai to September) there were 15 589 cases, while as many as 1805 cases of AIDS. While in Central Java topped the list with as many as 373 people with AIDS with cumulative total of 1315 people AIDS and HIV cases as many as 877 people with cumulative total of 2400 HIV, and in the city of Semarang accumulated data are reported as many as 197 cases of AIDS and HIV as many as 769 people. The number of AIDS cases by sex workers work as many as 681 people, there were 57% and 68% localization PSK PSK streets. Purpose  to analyze correlation characteristic of comercial sex workers with knowledge of HIV/AIDS in Poncol Station Semarang City.  Method This type of correlational studies using cross sectional approach by the number of 37 samples of respondents. Test of relationship between variables in this study using the chi Square. Result the majority of 21-36 year-old prostitute as many as 25 people (67.6%), level of education most educated prostitutes SD / SMP as much as 18 prostitutes (48.6%), mostly socioeconomic PSK income <USD . 991 500 ie 26 (70.3%), and 18 sex workers (48.5%) are less knowledgeable. Obtained from the chi square test result there is a relationship between the characteristics of PSK with tingakat knowledge about HIV / AIDS. Suggestion From the results of these studies are expected to conduct routine checks of respondents to the nearest health centers.  Keywords: characteristics;  knowledge; HIV / AIDS

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Pune, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi D Sondankar ◽  
Shubhangi U Agawane ◽  
Abhay B Mane ◽  
Parvinder S Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: The COVID-19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread throughout the world from its place of origin in Wuhan city of China. From origin in December 2019 till May 2021, this disease affected 222 countries in the world with 152,534,452 confirmed cases. As on May 2021, India is the second worst affected country in the world. Aim: To know the epidemiological profile and clinical outcome of COVID-19 positive patients to help in understanding the disease dynamics. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, record based study at a tertiary care hospital. All the COVID-19 laboratory confirmed positive patients admitted from 15th June, 2020 to 15th September, 2020 were included in the study. Sample size was 1146. All the required data regarding patients were collected and analysed subsequently with the help of percentages, Z-test for proportion, Chi-square test and Odds ratio. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.06 ±17.4 years ranging from 1 to 92 years. Males were significantly higher in numbers than females. 30.19% patients had some or other co-morbidities. 89.8% patients were discharged and 9.2% patients died. More number of deaths occurred in higher age group and highest death rate was seen in the patients who had multiple co-morbidities. Conclusion: The study concludes that most of the COVID-19 patients were middle aged and males were significantly more affected than females. Most of the patients were asymptomatic at the time of admission. It can be concluded that maximum patients had favourable clinical outcome as around 90% patients being discharged and case fatality rate was 9.2%. High rate of mortality was significantly associated with higher age and presence of co-morbidities.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN THE CITY OF GURUPI, SOUTH REGION OF TOCANTINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nayanne Deusdará Escobar ◽  
Adevan Bofim Costa Junior ◽  
Andreisa Prieb ◽  
Ana Claúdia Sariava Rocha ◽  
Nathalia Freire Gilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The City

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic disease in the region of Gurupi, with higher prevalence in the pediatric age group, aggravated by the high morbidity and low prophylaxis and prevention strategies of this anthropozoonosis. Objective: To characterize the data reported in the municipality of Gurupi - TO in the years 2013 to 2020 and to outline the epidemiological profile of the disease by determining the risk factors for high prevalence of the disease in this locality. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological research, retrospective and documental based, extracted from the database of SINAN (Notifiable Diseases Information System) of Gurupi in the interval between 2013 and 2020. Evaluative questionnaires were applied to all patients notified and found, analyzing the variables described in the study and subsequent statistical application of the chi-square test. Results: In the city of Gurupi, the most affected age group was between 2 and 9 years (37.29%); the most affected gender was male (66.10%); the year of highest prevalence was the year 2017 a total of 37.28% of cases in the analyzed period; and the location of highest prevalence in the municipality were the neighborhoods farthest from the city center.  As for the probable sites for contamination, most people point to their own home as a source of contamination. Conclusion: The epidemiological cut shows the prevalence of VL in the city of Gurupi and highlights the need for preventive intervention protocols for the prevention of the disease in endemic areas to decrease morbidity and mortality and control the number of cases.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI PUSKESMAS KOTA RANTAUPRAPAT KABUPATEN LABUHAN BATU TAHUN 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Fitriani Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

ABSTRAK   Pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah intervensi paling efektif untuk mencegah kematian anak namun menurut Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI), tingkat pemberian ASI eksklusif telah menurun selama dekade terakhir. Puskesmas Kota Rantauprapat mempunyai cakupan ASI eksklusif pada tahun 2013 paling rendah dibandingkan puskesmas yang lainnya, yakni sebesar 11,50%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan suami dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Kota Rantauprapat Kabupaten Labuhan batu Tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 7-12 bulan sebanyak 710 orang, sedangkan sampel sebanyak 106 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara. Analisa data dengan Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan p=0,014<0,05,artinya ada hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan suami dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif.  di Puskesmas Kota Rantauprapat. Disarankan kepada Petugas kesehatan Puskesmas Kota Rantauprapat agar lebih meningkatkan upaya cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif melalui penyuluhan langsung kepada ibu hamil dan diharapkan dapat didampingi oleh suami, sehingga suami dapat memberikan dukungan kepada ibu dalam pemberian ASI ekslusif.   Kata Kunci     :  Dukungan Suami, ASI Eksklusif ABSTRACT   Exclusive breastfeeding is the most effective intervention to prevent child deaths but according to the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (SDKI), the rate of exclusive breastfeeding has declined over the past decade. Rantauprapat City Health Center had the lowest exclusive breastfeeding coverage in 2013 compared to other health centers, which was 11.50%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding at the Rantauprapat City Health Center in Labuhan Batu Regency in 2016. The type of analytic survey research was cross sectional approach. The population is all mothers who have babies aged 7-12 months as many as 710 people, while the sample is 106 people. Data collection is done by interview. Data analysis with Chi Square. The results showed p = 0.014 <0.05, meaning that there was a significant relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding. at the Rantauprapat City Health Center. It is recommended to health workers in the City of Rantauprapat Health Center to further increase efforts to provide exclusive breastfeeding through direct counseling to pregnant women and hopefully be accompanied by her husband, so that the husband can provide support to mothers in exclusive breastfeeding.

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