Social Factors and Affective Disorder: An Investigation of Brown and Harris's Model

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Campbell ◽  
Susan J. Cope ◽  
John D. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Vulnerability Factor ◽  
The Face ◽  
Working Class Women

SummaryThe aetiological model proposed by Brown and Harris was examined in a sample of 110 working class women with children in Oxford. Using the same methodology as Brown and Harris, the role of provoking agents in the onset of affective disorder was found to be very similar to that which they originally described. Lack of an intimate relationship with a husband or boyfriend was found to act as a vulnerability factor, increasing the risk of psychiatric disorder in the face of a provoking agent. There was a trend for women with three or more children aged 14 or under to have an increased vulnerability. However, unemployment was not found to be a vulnerability factor. These results provide general support for Brown and Harris's causal model.

Misfortune and resilience: a community study of women

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Bebbington ◽  
E. Sturt ◽  
C. Tennant ◽  
J. Hurry
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Working Class Women

SynopsisA community survey of psychiatric disorder carried out in South London enabled the authors to investigate the ‘vulnerability model’ proposed by Brown & Harris (1978). In the current study none of the ‘vulnerability factors’ proposed by Brown & Harris fulfilled the requirements of the model. It was, however, found that working class women with children seemed particularly prone to develop minor psychiatric disorder in response to adversity. A similar result is apparent in the analyses of the earlier authors. A number of studies now published give some support to the vulnerability model using what are broadly measures of social support, but there is little corroboration using the other variables proposed by Brown & Harris.

scholarly journals Gods, Gurus, Prophets and the Poor: Exploring Informal, Interfaith Exchanges among Working Class Female Workers in an Indian City

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Atreyee Sen
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
Indian City ◽  
The Face ◽  
Working Class Women

This article revolves around the narratives of Sabita (Muslim), Radha (Hindu) and Sharleen (Christian), migrant women in their mid-forties, who have been working as maids, cooks and cleaners in middle-class housing colonies in Kolkata, a city in eastern India. Informal understandings of gendered oppressions across religious traditions often dominate the conversations of the three working-class women. Like many labourers from slums and lower-class neighbourhoods, they meet and debate religious concerns in informal ‘resting places’ (under a tree, on a park bench, at a tea stall, on a train, at a corner of a railway platform). These anonymous spaces are usually devoid of religious symbols, as well as any moral surveillance of women’s colloquial abuse of male dominance in society. I show how the anecdotes of struggle, culled across multiple religious practices, intersect with the shared existential realities of these urban workers. They temporarily empower female members of the informal workforce in the city, to create loosely defined gendered solidarities in the face of patriarchal authority, and reflect on daily discrimination against economically marginalised migrant women. I argue that these fleeting urban rituals underline the more vital role of (what I describe as) poor people’s ‘casual philosophies’, in enhancing empathy and dialogue between communities that are characterised by political tensions in India.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural asymmetries in oculomotor interference elicited by gaze distractors belonging to Asian and White faces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Zhang ◽  
Mario Dalmaso ◽  
Luigi Castelli ◽  
Shimin Fu ◽  
Giovanni Galfano
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Face ◽  
Perceived Social Status ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Interference Study ◽  
Averted Gaze

AbstractThe averted gaze of others triggers reflexive attentional orienting in the corresponding direction. This phenomenon can be modulated by many social factors. Here, we used an eye-tracking technique to investigate the role of ethnic membership in a cross-cultural oculomotor interference study. Chinese and Italian participants were required to perform a saccade whose direction might be either congruent or incongruent with the averted-gaze of task-irrelevant faces belonging to Asian and White individuals. The results showed that, for Chinese participants, White faces elicited a larger oculomotor interference than Asian faces. By contrast, Italian participants exhibited a similar oculomotor interference effect for both Asian and White faces. Hence, Chinese participants found it more difficult to suppress eye-gaze processing of White rather than Asian faces. The findings provide converging evidence that social attention can be modulated by social factors characterizing both the face stimulus and the participants. The data are discussed with reference to possible cross-cultural differences in perceived social status.

Operatic Competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-226
Author(s):  
Katharine Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
National Government ◽  
Music Genres ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Stage Music ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grand Opera

The impact of the café-concert on the activity of residential opera companies was significant in French towns with significant working-class populations. Among stage-music genres, operetta was also a threat because it was staged by secondary theaters (and by café-concerts in breach of their licenses) and because large numbers of bourgeois patrons preferred it to either Grand Opera or opéra-comique. These forms of competition for licensed managers for opera and spoken theater characterize the 1850s onward, resulting in heated exchanges with all layers of local and national government and debates about how to preserve operatic decorum and status in the face of operetta’s popularity. A notable exception is 1870s Strasbourg, where French operetta acts as a vehicle of resistance. The role of touring companies (often from Paris) as a centralist threat to the resident company from the 1880s, especially, is contrasted with their enrichment of smaller towns; the increase in guest artists (often Parisian too) is discussed as a factor in the longer-term shrinking of permanent opera company personnel. A coda examines the often brutal impact of broadcast technology on opera management and audiences in the 1920s and 1930s.

scholarly journals Social status gates social attention in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Dalmaso ◽  
Giulia Pavan ◽  
Luigi Castelli ◽  
Giovanni Galfano
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
High Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Curriculum Vitae ◽  
Gaze Cuing ◽  
Specific Identity

Humans tend to shift attention in response to the averted gaze of a face they are fixating, a phenomenon known as gaze cuing. In the present paper, we aimed to address whether the social status of the cuing face modulates this phenomenon. Participants were asked to look at the faces of 16 individuals and read fictive curriculum vitae associated with each of them that could describe the person as having a high or low social status. The association between each specific face and either high or low social status was counterbalanced between participants. The same faces were then used as stimuli in a gaze-cuing task. The results showed a greater gaze-cuing effect for high-status faces than for low-status faces, independently of the specific identity of the face. These findings confirm previous evidence regarding the important role of social factors in shaping social attention and show that a modulation of gaze cuing can be observed even when knowledge about social status is acquired through episodic learning.

Expletives of lower working-class women

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Female Group ◽  
City Area ◽  
Women's Speech ◽  
Female Speech ◽  
The Face ◽  
Working Class Women

ABSTRACTFor many decades, women's speech has been seen as being very different from that used by men. Stereotyped as swearing less, using less slang, and as aiming for more standard speech style, women were judged according to their sex rather than other aspects of their lives, such as class and economic situation. With many critics now challenging these ideas, this article sets out to look at the reality of the swearing used by a group of women from a deprived inner-city area. Their constant use of strong expletives flies in the face of the theories proffered of the “correctness” of the language of women. (Expletives, taboo words, working-class women, female speech, female group, social networks, sociolinguistics, inner-city England)

“Not the Tracksuit, Please, It Sends the Wrong Message”: The Role of Body Image in Shaping Subjectivity in the Working

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Olko
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Class Project ◽  
Negative Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Depth Interviews

The subject of the article is the importance of classed representations in shaping the attitude towards the body and constructing their own subjectivity by people from the working class. The text is based on a qualitative analysis of individual in-depth interviews with working-class women and men, as well as reality shows with the participation of the working class: Project Lady and Warsaw Shore. Contrary to previous studies (Skeggs 1997), in the light of the conducted analyzes, class representations are a negative point of reference not only for women, but also for the majority of adult men from the working class. The study shows that while it is difficult to reconstruct the representation of an attractive body that would be the object of desire and aspiration of the studied group (middle-class patterns of caring for the body are not accepted uncritically), the key in the construction of subjectivity is is striving to distinguish oneselves from the representation of the working class functioning in popular culture (the figure of chavs) and from people who are at the bottom of the social structure (homeless and bums).

scholarly journals The Contribution of Mobile Apps to the Improvement of Walking/Cycling Behavior Considering the Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10580
Author(s):  
Mohammad Paydar ◽  
Asal Kamani Fard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cycling Behavior

More than one hundred and fifty cities around the world have expanded their emergency cycling and walking infrastructures to increase their resilience in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the role of mobile apps is prominent in respect to developing a smart city during this pandemic, which raises the questions of how mobile apps contribute to the improvement of walking/cycling behavior and how such a relationship is influenced by the situation imposed by COVID-19. The role of mobile apps in the three relevant fields of physical activity, transport, and urban planning are reviewed. Next, the associations between walking/cycling behaviors and their contributing factors and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these relationships are reviewed. Studies on physical activity have emphasized the role of motivational social factors in improving the function of mobile apps. In regard to transport, mobile apps have the potential to facilitate data collection in macroscale environments. In addition, mobile apps may facilitate people’s recognition of positive/negative environmental aspects, and this may in turn lead to greater pedestrian/cyclists’ awareness and better organization of their walking/cycling behavior. Moreover, based on a participatory approach, the classification of current mobile apps and certain suggestions on the development of future mobile apps are presented. Finally, complementary suggestions are provided for maintaining and improving the use of mobile apps to improve the level of walking/cycling.

The role of social factors in affective disorder: an assessment of the vulnerability model of Brown and his colleagues

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahava Solomon ◽  
Evelyn Bromet
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Using Data

SynopsisThe present study attempted to confirm the vulnerability model proposed by Brown and his colleagues, using data from a survey of 435 mothers from two semi-rural regions of Pennsylvania. The results were not consistent with the earlier findings. Methodological and conceptual issues were discussed to explain the differences in results.

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