Depression and ‘Hassles' in Globus Pharyngis

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Deary ◽  
Astrid Smart ◽  
Janet A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Globus Sensation ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Independent Life

A group of 25 patients (16 women, 9 men) attending an ENT department with globus sensation and 25 matched ENT controls were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and scales for daily stressful events (‘hassles’). Globus patients of both sexes were significantly more depressed than controls and had Beck scores suggestive of significant depression. Thirteen patients, but only two controls, had an independent life event within two months of disease onset, and patients had higher hassles scores than controls.

Psychologically Stressful Events in the Precipitation of Manic Episodes

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ambelas
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Life Events ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Common Precipitant ◽  
Manic Patients

SummaryThe case notes of all 67 manic patients admitted to the psychiatric wing of a District General Hospital over a period of two years were screened for evidence of independent life events during a four week period prior to admission. The nature of such events and of the underlying stresses was examined and the data obtained were compared with data from a control group of acute surgical admissions. Four times as many manic patients had an independent life event closely preceding their admission. It is concluded that stress in the form of loss or threat is a common precipitant of mania. Some surprising findings are focused upon and discussed.

Stressful Events and Temperament Change during Early and Middle Adolescence: The TRAILS Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Laceulle ◽  
E. Nederhof ◽  
A. Karreman ◽  
J. Ormel ◽  
M. A. G. van Aken
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Total N ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Normative Development ◽  
Middle Adolescence ◽  
Temperament Traits

This project investigates how stressful events are related to deviations from normative temperament development during adolescence. Temperament traits were assessed at ages 11 and 16 years. Life–event data was captured using an interview (total n = 1197). Normative changes were found in all traits. A linear trend was found between the experience of stressful events and temperament development. Adolescents exposed to stressful events showed smaller decreases in fear and shyness, stronger decreases in effortful control and affiliation and smaller increases in high intensity pleasure. Exposure to stressful events was related to increases in frustration instead of decreases. Our results show that whereas normative development is mostly in the direction of maturation, adolescents who experienced stressful events showed less maturation of their temperament. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Life-event specificity: bipolar disorder compared with unipolar depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina M. Hosang ◽  
Ania Korszun ◽  
Lisa Jones ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
Peter McGuffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Event Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of different types of stressful events (for example divorcev.bereavement) on unipolar depression compared with bipolar disorder. Inconsistencies exist concerning the association between independent events (beyond an individual's control, such as bereavement) and bipolar disorder.AimsTo examine the role of specific, independent and dependent events in mood disorders.MethodLife-event information was collected from 512 people with bipolar disorder, 1448 people with unipolar depression and over 600 controls.ResultsVarious events were associated with unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, but some event specificity was detected. For example, financial crisis was more strongly related to bipolar disorder rather than unipolar depression. Independent events were only related to unipolar depression and not bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThe events that were linked to bipolar disorder and unipolar depression were similar. Independent events were not associated with bipolar episodes, suggesting that life stress may be a consequence of, rather than a trigger for, bipolar episodes.

scholarly journals Early Nurturing Experiences, Self-Compassion, Hyperarousal and Scleroderma The Way We Relate to Ourselves May Determine Disease Progression

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen G. Kearney ◽  
Richard E. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Psychosocial Experiences ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Face ◽  
Determining Factor

<p>Scleroderma is a rare, painful and complex autoimmune connective tissue disease that can lead to death. The physiology of symptom onset and progression and the psychological aspects of living with this chronic disease have been studied fairly extensively. However, there is limited knowledge about scleroderma and negative physiological arousal (hyper-arousal: linked to immune dysfunction resulting in autoimmunity in the face of stressful events) and how levels of hyper-arousal are related to stress experienced at an early age; to emotion regulation coping strategies such as self-compassion; and to when scleroderma is experienced (earlier or later onset). Knowledge about these relationships may be important information for the treatment of scleroderma and related illnesses. This study addressed these relationships for scleroderma by examining how hyper-arousal was linked to these psychosocial experiences of stress, to coping strategies, and to age of disease onset.</p><p>A within group design was utilized. A total of 122 participants were recruited from Australia (39) the United Kingdom (81) and country not specified (2) and invited to complete an online or a hard copy survey. Lower positive early life experiences, lower levels of self-compassion and an earlier onset of disease were all related to elevated levels of hyper-arousal in individuals diagnosed with scleroderma. A regression equation showed all three contributed significantly to the experienced hyper-arousal.<strong> </strong>The findings suggest that greater self-compassion may be a determining factor in how earlier emotional experiences are managed and in predicting lower hyper-arousal in terms of this disease.</p>

Stress conceptions in life event research: Towards a person‐centred perspective

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Vossel
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Critical Life Events ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The present article focuses on a discussion of the theoretical foundations of life event research. Since critical life events are usually regarded as stressful events, the main question is which concepts of stress are employed in different life event approaches and what is their rationale. The discussion centres on two topics that have to be treated independently: the question of specificity vs nonspecificity and the question of individualized vs normative weightings. It is shown that different life event approaches rely on different concepts of stress. Numerous objections lead to a rejection of the nonspecificity concept and a normative proceeding. However, even when a specificity view of stress is advocated and individual weights are used, life stress measures do not account for a substantial proportion of the variance in the stress‐related dependent variables. Therefore, a reorientation of life event research is required. It is proposed that future life event research should concentrate on the individual meaning of events and adequately consider the time dimension as well CIS processes of coping.

scholarly journals Adverse life events and coping skills in panic disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariângela Gentil Savoia ◽  
Márcio Bernik
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Life Event ◽  
The Impact

Research literature and clinical experience shows that panic patients are often able to identify stressors that preceded the onset of their first attacks. In this study we investigated the relation between life events, coping skills, and panic disorder. METHODS: Forty-tree panic patients were compared with 29 control subjects regarding the occurrence and the impact of stressful life events in a 1-year period preceding the onset of panic attacks using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale and London Life Event and Difficulty Schedule. Coping skills were measured using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. RESULTS: No differences were observed between panic patients and controls regarding the number of reported stressful life events in the previous year. Panic patients compared to controls reported loss of social support as the most meaningful class of events significantly more often. In response to stressful situations, panic patients more often used coping skills judged as ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the type of life event and the coping skills used in response to them, more than the occurrence of stressful events itself, may be associated with the onset of panic disorder.

Suicide Attempts Among Depressed Inpatients with Depressive Disorder in a Malaysian Sample

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Chan ◽  
T. Maniam ◽  
A. S. Shamsul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Axis I ◽  
A Current

Background: Depressed inpatients constitute a high-risk population for suicide attempts. Aims: To describe the interactions of clinical and psychosocial risk factors influencing suicide attempts among a Malaysian sample of depressed inpatients. Methods: Seventy-five subjects were diagnosed with a depressive disorder according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinical Version (SCID-CV). Data on suicide attempts, suicidal ideation (Scale for Suicidal Ideation, SSI), depression severity (Beck’s Depression Inventory, BDI), recent life-event changes (Social Readjustment Rating Scale, SRRS), sociodemographic and other relevant clinical factors were collected. Results: A third of the subjects presented after a current suicide attempt. Significant factors for a current suicide attempt were race, religion, recent life-event changes, suicidal ideation, and alcohol use disorder. Independent predictive risk factors for a current suicide attempt were Chinese race, recent marital separation, major mortgage or loans, and being newly diagnosed with depression. Any recent change in personal habits was shown to be a protective factor against current suicide attempt. Age and gender were nonsignificant factors. Conclusions: The findings are generally consistent with existing studies and highlight the role of psychosocial risk factors.

Differences in the Way to Conceive Happiness Relate to Different Reactions to Negative Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Fuochi ◽  
Chiara A. Veneziani ◽  
Alberto Voci
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Orientations To Happiness ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This paper aimed to assess whether differences in the way to conceive happiness, measured by the Orientations to Happiness measure, were associated with specific reactions to negative events. We hypothesized that among orientations to pleasure (portraying hedonism), to meaning (representing a eudaimonic approach to life), and to engagement (derived from the experience of flow), orientation to meaning would have displayed a stronger protective role against recent negative and potentially stressful events. After providing a validation of the Italian version of the Orientations to Happiness measure (Study 1), we performed regression analyses of the three orientations on positive and negative emotions linked to a self-relevant negative event (Study 2), and moderation analyses assessing the interactive effects of orientations to happiness and stressful events on well-being indicators (Study 3). Our findings supported the hypotheses. In Study 2, meaning was associated with positive emotions characterized by a lower activation (contentment and interest) compared to the positive emotions associated with pleasure (amusement, eagerness, and happiness). In Study 3, only meaning buffered the effect of recent potentially stressful events on satisfaction with life and positive affect. Results suggest that orientation to meaning might help individuals to better react to negative events.

An IRT Investigation of the Validity of Non-Patient Analogue Research Using the Beck Depression Inventory

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Analogue Research ◽  
Rating Scale Model

This paper presents an IRT analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory which was carried out to assess the assumption of an underlying latent trait common to non-clinical and patient samples. A one parameter rating scale model was fitted to data drawn from a patient and non-patient sample. Findings suggest that while the BDI fits the model reasonably well for the two samples separately there is sufficient differential item functioning to raise serious duobts of the viability of using it analogously with patient and non-patient groups.

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