Computerised Tomography in Newly Diagnosed Schizophrenia and Schizophreniform Disorder

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Rubin ◽  
Agnete Karle ◽  
Ralf Hemmingsen ◽  
Ulla Noring ◽  
Susanne Møller-Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Schizophreniform Disorder ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male Patients

Patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia (n = 27) or schizophreniform disorder (n = 22) and 24 healthy volunteers were investigated by CT scan, the investigators being blind to subject status. The patients had never received medication or had been treated only briefly with neuroleptics. The patients had significantly smaller brain volume and brain length than the controls. The patients had greater sulcal enlargement in the case of both Sylvian and interhemispheric fissures and surface sulci in the frontal and parietal regions. The sulcal enlargement was more pronounced in male patients and on the left hemisphere. The study revealed no enlargement of the lateral ventricles and only a trend towards enlargement of the third ventricle in the patients. The findings were not explained by substance abuse or level of education.

The Scottish First Episode Schizophrenia Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. MacDonald ◽  
J. J. K. Best ◽  
Robin G. McCreadie ◽  
David H. Wiles ◽  
Stewart M. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Volume ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
First Admission

This is the initial report of a prospective study by computerised tomography brain scan of first episode schizophrenia. Twenty-seven patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia were compared with volunteer controls on ventricular: brain ratio, sulcal: brain volume ratio, and the widths of third ventricle and Sylvian and interhemispheric fissures. The results provide evidence that sulcal enlargement, but not ventricular abnormalities, may be detected at first admission for schizophrenic illness, and are discussed in relation to findings from other studies.

Computerised Tomography in Schizophrenia

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kaiya ◽  
M. Uematsu ◽  
M. Ofuji ◽  
A. Nishida ◽  
M. Morikiyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Birth Complications ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

Findings on CT and demographical or clinical data in 80 patients with DSM–III schizophrenia and 45 medical controls were evaluated. Multiple-discriminant analysis showed that the enlargement of the third ventricle and frontal and parietal atrophy could significantly predict the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Widening of Sylvian fissures and parietal atrophy differentiated familial schizophrenics of both horizontal transmission (who had affected siblings) and vertical transmission (who had affected parents or/and offspring) from non-familial patients. Parietal atrophy and a history of birth complications differentiated horizontal from vertical transmission. The CT findings together with some clinical characteristics could differentiate the three subgroups classified by the hereditary form; thus each of these subgroup may belong to a different disease entity, of a different pathophysiology.

Endoscopic Surgery for Tumors in and around the Third Ventricle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Oyama ◽  
Toshio Hirohata ◽  
Keisuke Onoda ◽  
Shigeyuki Tahara ◽  
Akira Teramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
The Third

Clinical features and operative technique of transinfundibular craniopharyngioma

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Tang ◽  
ShenHao Xie ◽  
GuanLin Huang ◽  
ZhiGang Wang ◽  
Le Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Operative Technique ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Expanded Endonasal Approach ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma

OBJECTIVETransinfundibular craniopharyngioma (TC) is one of the 4 subtypes of suprasellar craniopharyngioma. In this study, the authors analyzed the clinical features of and operative technique for TC.METHODSA total of 95 consecutive cases of suprasellar craniopharyngioma that had been resected via the endoscopic expanded endonasal approach were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 34 in the TC group and 61 in the nontransinfundibular craniopharyngioma (NC) group. Clinical and radiographic features, intraoperative findings, histopathological and genetic findings, and surgical outcomes were analyzed and compared between groups.RESULTSCompared with NC, TC was mostly seen in adult patients (97.1%); it was rare in children (2.9%). Clinical presentations tended toward headache, hydrocephalus, and diabetes insipidus. The relatively smaller volume, midline location (consistent with the stalk position), unidentifiable stalk, no shift of the third ventricle, and greater likelihood to involve the third ventricle and cause hydrocephalus were the characteristic features of TC in the preoperative MRI study. According to the degree of vertical extension of the tumor, the 34 TCs could be classified into 3 subtypes: type 1, entity was limited to stalk (n = 2, 5.9%); type 2, tumor extended up to the third ventricle (type 2a) or down to the subdiaphragmatic cavity (type 2b) (n = 23, 67.6%); and type 3, tumor extended in both directions (n = 9, 26.5%). For TC resection, the chiasm–pituitary corridor, lamina terminalis corridor, and pituitary corridor could be used separately or jointly. Most of the TCs originated from the infundibulum–tuber cinereum, grew within and along the long axis of the infundibulum, and the pituitary stalk was not usually preserved in TCs (20.6%), whereas the rate of preservation was higher (80.3%) in NCs. Bilateral hypothalamic injury was found in nearly all TCs if radical resection was performed, whereas the relationship between NCs and hypothalamus was either compression (32.8%) or unilateral invasion (67.2%). Meanwhile, the postoperative endocrine and neuropsychological function outcomes in patients with TC were worse than in patients with NC. The genetic analysis with whole-exome sequencing studies showed no differential mutations of CTNNB1 (β-catenin) and BRAF (V600E) between TC and NC subtypes, but there was a difference between adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma.CONCLUSIONSTC is a special subtype of suprasellar craniopharyngioma, which is remarkably different from NC. Identification of this type of tumor preoperatively is essential for the planning of appropriate surgical approach and degree of excision.

FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH TEXTBOOKS IN ALBANIAN SCHOOLS (COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2319-2324
Author(s):  
Rina Muka ◽  
Irida Hoti
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
First Language ◽  
Grammatical Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Third

The language acquired from the childhood is the language spoken in the family and in the place of living. This language is different from one pupil to another, because of their social, economical conditions. By starting the school the pupil faces first the ABC book and then in the second grade Albanian language learning through the Albanian language textbook. By learning Albanian language step by step focused on Reading, Writing, Speaking and Grammar the pupil is able to start learning the second language on the next years of schooling. So, the second language learning in Albanian schools is related to the first language learning (mother tongue), since the early years in primary school. In our schools, the second language (English, Italian) starts in the third grade of the elementary class. On the third grade isn’t taught grammar but the pupil is directed toward the correct usage of the language. The textbooks are structured in developing the pupil’s critical thinking. The textbooks are fully illustrated and with attractive and educative lessons adequate to the age of the pupils. This comparative study will reflect some important aspects of language learning in Albanian schools (focused on Albanian language - first language and English language - second language), grade 3-6. Our point of view in this paper will show not only the diversity of the themes, the lines and the sub-lines but also the level of language knowledge acquired at each level of education. First, the study will focus on some important issues in comparing Albanian and English language texts as well as those which make them different: chronology and topics retaken from one level of education to another, so by conception of linear and chronological order will be shown comparatively two learned languages (mother tongue and second language). By knowing and learning well mother tongue will be easier for the pupil the foreign language learning. The foreign language (as a learning curriculum) aims to provide students with the skills of using foreign language written and spoken to enable the literature to recognize the achievements of advanced world science and technology that are in the interest of developing our technique. Secondly, the study will be based on the extent of grammatical knowledge, their integration with 'Listening, Reading, Speaking and Writing' as well as the inclusion of language games and their role in language learning. The first and second language learning in Albanian schools (grade III-VI) is based on similar principles for the linearity and chronology of grammatical knowledge integrated with listening, reading, writing and speaking. The different structure of both books help the pupils integrate and use correctly both languages. In the end of the sixth grade, the pupils have good knowledge of mother tongue and the second language and are able to write and speak well both languages.

scholarly journals Development of a Prognostic Model to Predict Mortality after Traumatic Brain Injury in Intensive Care Setting in a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
Mini Jayan ◽  
Dhaval Shukla ◽  
Bhagavatula Indira Devi ◽  
Dhananjaya I. Bhat ◽  
Subhas K. Konar
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Prognostic Model ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
Basal Cisterns

Abstract Objectives We aimed to develop a prognostic model for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU) of our institute. Materials and Methods The clinical and computed tomography scan data of consecutive patients admitted after a diagnosis TBI in ICU were reviewed. Construction of the model was done by using all the variables of Corticosteroid Randomization after Significant Head Injury and International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI models. The endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 243 patients with TBI were admitted to ICU during the study period. The in-hospital mortality was 15.3%. On multivariate analysis, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at admission, hypoxia, hypotension, and obliteration of the third ventricle/basal cisterns were significantly associated with mortality. Patients with hypoxia had eight times, with hypotensions 22 times, and with obliteration of the third ventricle/basal cisterns three times more chance of death. The TBI score was developed as a sum of individual points assigned as follows: GCS score 3 to 4 (+2 points), 5 to 12 (+1), hypoxia (+1), hypotension (+1), and obliteration third ventricle/basal cistern (+1). The mortality was 0% for a score of “0” and 85% for a score of “4.” Conclusion The outcome of patients treated in ICU was based on common admission variables. A simple clinical grading score allows risk stratification of patients with TBI admitted in ICU.

scholarly journals Survival of glioblastoma in relation to tumor location: a statistical tumor atlas of a population-based cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Even Hovig Fyllingen ◽  
Lars Eirik Bø ◽  
Ingerid Reinertsen ◽  
Asgeir Store Jakola ◽  
Lisa Millgård Sagberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
The Third

Abstract Purpose Previous studies on the effect of tumor location on overall survival in glioblastoma have found conflicting results. Based on statistical maps, we sought to explore the effect of tumor location on overall survival in a population-based cohort of patients with glioblastoma and IDH wild-type astrocytoma WHO grade II–III with radiological necrosis. Methods Patients were divided into three groups based on overall survival: < 6 months, 6–24 months, and > 24 months. Statistical maps exploring differences in tumor location between these three groups were calculated from pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging scans. Based on the results, multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the possible independent effect of centrally located tumors compared to known prognostic factors by use of distance from center of the third ventricle to contrast-enhancing tumor border in centimeters as a continuous variable. Results A total of 215 patients were included in the statistical maps. Central tumor location (corpus callosum, basal ganglia) was associated with overall survival < 6 months. There was also a reduced overall survival in patients with tumors in the left temporal lobe pole. Tumors in the dorsomedial right temporal lobe and the white matter region involving the left anterior paracentral gyrus/dorsal supplementary motor area/medial precentral gyrus were associated with overall survival > 24 months. Increased distance from center of the third ventricle to contrast-enhancing tumor border was a positive prognostic factor for survival in elderly patients, but less so in younger patients. Conclusions Central tumor location was associated with worse prognosis. Distance from center of the third ventricle to contrast-enhancing tumor border may be a pragmatic prognostic factor in elderly patients.

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