Psychological Sequelae Following the Gulf War

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Deahl ◽  
Adrian B. Gillham ◽  
Janice Thomas ◽  
Margaret M. Searle ◽  
Michael Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Psychological Debriefing ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe aim was to study the effect of brief counselling and psychological debriefing following a trauma on subsequent morbidity.MethodWe investigated psychological morbidity in 62 British soldiers whose duties included the handling and identification of dead bodies of allied and enemy soldiers during the Gulf War. Of these soldiers, 69% received a psychological debriefing on completion of their duties. The subjects completed by post a demographic questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Impact of Events Scale.ResultsAfter nine months 50% had evidence of some psychological disturbance suggestive of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); 18% had sought professional help; 26% reported relationship difficulties. Neither prior training nor the psychological intervention appeared to make any difference to subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Morbidity at nine months was more likely in those with a history of psychological problems and those who believed their lives had been in danger in the Gulf.ConclusionsThese findings show that a psychological debriefing following a series of traumatic events or experiences does not appear to reduce subsequent psychiatric morbidity and highlights the need for further research in military and civilian settings.

Psychological Consequences of the Kegworth Air Disaster

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gregg ◽  
I. Medley ◽  
R. Fowler-Dixon ◽  
P. Curran ◽  
G. Loughrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe study sought to quantify psychiatric morbidity among survivors of a major air crash and to identify aetiological factors linked with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodSixty-eight of the 79 survivors (86%) were assessed at a clinical interview within one year of the disaster. The majority also completed the General Health Questionnaire, the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and the Zung Anxiety and Depression Scales.ResultsFifty-four of the study group (79%) met DSM–III–R criteria for a psychiatric disorder within one year of the disaster, of whom 27 (50%) had PTSD. Those who saw injured or dead people at the scene, or had sustained less severe injuries as measured by their Injury Severity Scores, or were under 35 years old, were significantly more likely to develop PTSD.ConclusionsHigh rates of psychiatric morbidity are found in survivors of transportation disasters. Further studies are needed to identify those at most risk and to evaluate the benefits of psychological intervention.

The Impact of Political Violence on Mild Psychiatric Morbidity in Northern Ireland

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Cairns ◽  
Ronnie Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Drug Prescribing ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

SummaryEvidence concerning the impact of the violence in Northern Ireland on psychiatric morbidity is limited to studies examining admission rates and psychotropic drug prescribing rates; their results varied from suggesting no effect to indicating that greater levels of violence are actually equated with higher levels of mental health. The present study is the first to use a community sample, in which respondents (797) from two towns, which have experienced contrasting levels of violence over the last ten years, completed the 30-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and also indicated their perception of the level of violence in their area and how safe they felt this was to live in. Those who lived in the more violent town scored higher on the GHQ, as did women compared to men and those who perceived that their area had experienced more violence. There was also a two-way interaction, such that the small number of people, who perceived much violence in their area and who also lived in the more violent town, scored more highly on the GHQ. It is possible that the majority of people in Northern Ireland deal effectively with stress generated by the political violence, but do so by denying the existence of this violence around them.

Psychological Morbidity in Australian Doctors who have and have not Experienced a Medico-Legal Matter: Cross-Sectional Survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Nash ◽  
Michele Daly ◽  
Maree Johnson ◽  
Garry Walter ◽  
Merrilyn Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Psychological Morbidity ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Current

Objective: To describe the differences in psychological morbidity between Australian general practitioners (GPs) who have experienced a medico-legal matter and those who have not. Methods: A total of 1499 GPs were initially invited to participate in the study. Two hundred and sixty requested not to participate, with 1239 subsequently being sent a survey. There were 566 respondents (45.7% response rate to survey). There were two sources of data. First, a cross-sectional survey sought demographic information, personality traits via the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), history of a medico-legal matter with any medical defence organization, and measures of psychological morbidity, including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Second, information was extracted from the United Medical Protection database on medico-legal matters. Results: Fifty-nine per cent of respondents to the survey reported ever having a medico-legal matter, with 13% having a current medico-legal matter. Those with a current matter reported increased levels of disability (in work, social or family life) and higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (45% vs 27% GHQ ‘case identification’ rates), compared to those with no current matter. Those respondents with a history of past medico-legal matters reported increased levels of disability (SDS) and depression subscores (GHQ). Male respondents drank significantly more alcohol than female respondents, and male respondents with current or past medico-legal matters had significantly higher levels of alcohol use than male respondents with no experience of medico-legal matters. Conclusions: Doctors who have current and past medico-legal matters have a higher level of psychological morbidity. The study design was unable to distinguish cause or effect. A longitudinal study is planned to investigate this. The findings have significant implications for medical training, doctor support systems and medical insurance groups.

Psychiatric Morbidity in First-Year Undergraduates and the Effect of Brief Psychotherapeutic Intervention—A Pilot Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Krystyna Szulecka ◽  
Nigel R. Springett ◽  
Karel W. de Pauw
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Intervention ◽  
Psychological Disturbance

Out of 1279 first-year undergraduates, two matched groups of students potentially vulnerable to psychological disturbance were identified. One was left to its own resources; the other was offered psychotherapeutic intervention, the effects of which were measured by the number of consultations with general practitioners, type of treatment and rate of withdrawal from university. Although the students in the intervention group had fewer consultations, lower General Health Questionnaire scores at follow-up, and fewer withdrew from university, due to the small numbers involved none of these differences achieved statistical significance.

scholarly journals Association between stalking victimisation and psychiatric morbidity in a random community sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Purcell ◽  
Michele Pathé ◽  
Paul E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Stalking Victims ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundNo studies have assessed psychopathology among victims of stalking who have not sought specialist help.AimsTo examine the associations between stalking victimisation and psychiatric morbidity in a representative community sample.MethodA random community sample (n = 1844) completed surveys examining the experience of harassment and current mental health. The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–28) and the Impact of Event Scale were used to assess symptomatology in those reporting brief harassment (n = 196) or protracted stalking (n = 236) and a matched control group reporting no harassment (n = 432)ResultsRates of caseness on the GHQ–28 were higher among stalking victims (36.4%) than among controls (19.3%) and victims of brief harassment (21.9%). Psychiatric morbidity did not differ according to the recency of victimisation, with 34.1% of victims meeting caseness criteria 1 year after stalking had ended.ConclusionsIn a significant minority of victims, stalking victimisation is associated with psychiatric morbidity that may persist long after it has ceased. Recognition of the immediate and long-term impacts of stalking is necessary to assist victims and help alleviate distress and long-term disability.

scholarly journals Mental Health Status among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kheradmand ◽  
Ali Pirsalehi ◽  
Mahsa Mahjani ◽  
Banafshe Khoshgoui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
High Probability ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The recent escalated numbers of subjected COVID-19 patients and mortality rates have alerted the general population and authorities to its effects not only on physical health but also on different aspects of the society such as mental health. This study assesses the general mental health and immediate psychological impacts in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 88 patients from two tertiary hospitals in Tehran agreed to complete the surveys. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and 12 item General Health questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to evaluate mental health and impact of disease. Epidemiological and sociodemographic information entailing underlying diseases was assess by a researcher-made questionnaire. Results: We found that the psychological impact of the current pandemic is mild to moderate. During the initial phase of the pandemic, the intellectual engagements, inducing post event stress is not yet entirely developed. However, patients had a moderate to high probability of psychiatric morbidity with 63.6% and 28.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The effect of such viral pandemic on mental health is inevitable. As we conducted the study in the dire times of the outbreak, patients showed a high probability of psychiatric morbidity. On the other hand, since the study was done in the initial phase of the epidemic, we detected mild effects of the epidemic on PTSD in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, several psychosocial protective programs should be implicated to address the mental complications.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammed Madadin ◽  
Ritesh G. Menezes ◽  
Maha A. Alassaf ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Almulhim ◽  
Mahdi S. Abumadini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

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