Weather conditions and fatal self-harm in North Cheshire 1989–1993

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Salib ◽  
Nicola Gray
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Fine Weather ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Positive Correlations

BackgroundWe aimed to study the effect of weather conditions on the rate of all deaths due to fatal self-harm (FSH) reported in a population of 350 000. In this study the term FSH refers to all coroners' verdicts which were recorded in a specified period and included suicide, misadventure and open verdict.MethodFive-year data of FSH in North Cheshire was analysed in relation to meteorological data, which were measured at the nearest meteorological office to the study population.ResultsSmall but significant positive correlations were demonstrated between occurrence of FSH and hours of sunshine (P < 0.01) and diurnal variations in daily temperature (P < 0.05). These effects were independent of gender and psychiatric history.ConclusionsWeather may influence the occurrence of FSH, probably interacting with biological and social variables. The rate of FSH death appears to be positively related to fine weather conditions, during early summer, and not to extreme weather conditions as previously reported.

scholarly journals Rain Erosion Maps for Wind Turbines Based on Geographical Locations: A Case Study in Ireland and Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pugh ◽  
M. M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Uk

AbstractErosion rates of wind turbine blades are not constant, and they depend on many external factors including meteorological differences relating to global weather patterns. In order to track the degradation of the turbine blades, it is important to analyse the distribution and change in weather conditions across the country. This case study addresses rainfall in Western Europe using the UK and Ireland data to create a relationship between the erosion rate of wind turbine blades and rainfall for both countries. In order to match the appropriate erosion data to the meteorological data, 2 months of the annual rainfall were chosen, and the differences were analysed. The month of highest rain, January and month of least rain, May were selected for the study. The two variables were then combined with other data including hailstorm events and locations of wind turbine farms to create a general overview of erosion with relation to wind turbine blades.

Statistical Analysis of Weather Effects on PM2.5

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
Wei Dai ◽  
Jia Qi Gao ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Feng Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Weather Effects

Effects of weather conditions including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind and direction on PM2.5 were studied using statistical methods. PM2.5 samples were collected during the summer and the winter in a suburb of Shenzhen. Then, correlations, hypothesis test and statistical distribution of PM2.5 and meteorological data were analyzed with IBM SPSS predictive analytics software. Seasonal and daily variations of PM2.5 have been found and these mainly resulted from the weather effects.

Local identification of persistent cold air pool conditions in the Great Hungarian Plain

Időjárás ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Karolina Szabóné André ◽  
Judit Bartholy ◽  
Rita Pongrácz ◽  
József Bór
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Heat Deficit ◽  
Local Detection ◽  
Hungarian Plain

Cold air pool (CAP) is a winter-time, anticyclonic weather event: a cold air layer confined by the topography and warm air aloft. If its duration is more than one day, then it is called persistent cold air pool (PCAP). CAPs are mainly examined in small basins and valleys. Fewer studies pay attention to PCAPs in much larger basins (with an area of more than 50 000 km2), and it is not evident how effective the existing numerical definitions are in cases of extensive PCAP events. A possible method of identifying PCAPs in a large basin is to identify PCAP weather conditions at different measuring sites across the basin. If there are PCAP weather conditions at most of the sites, then it is likely to be an extensive PCAP. In this work, we examine which of the documented CAP definitions can be used for reliable local detection of CAP conditions. Daily weather reports and meteorological data from two locations in the 52 000 km2 sized Great Hungarian Plain have been used to obtain a reference set of days with PCAP weather conditions during two consecutive winter months. Several numerical CAP definitions were compared for their performance in recognizing the presence of PCAP weather conditions using radiosonde measurements and reanalysis data. The lowest error was produced by using the heat deficit (HD) method. So this is considered the most suitable method for local identification of PCAPs in the Great Hungarian Plain.

Meteorological study for Gangotri Glacier and its comparison with other high altitude meteorological stations in central Himalayan region

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Singh ◽  
Umesh K. Haritashya ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Valley Wind ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Garhwal Himalayas ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Gangotri Glacier

In spite of the vital role of high altitude climatology in melting of snow and glaciers, retreat or advancement of glaciers, flash floods, erosion and sediment transport, etc., weather conditions are not much studied for the high altitude regions of Himalayas. In this study, a comprehensive meteorological analysis has been made for the Gangotri Meteorological Station (Bhagirathi Valley, Garhwal Himalayas) using data observed for four consecutive melt seasons (2000–2003) covering a period from May to October for each year. The collected meteorological data includes rainfall, temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, sunshine hours and evaporation. The results and their distribution over the different melt seasons were compared with available meteorological records for Dokriani Meteorological Station (Dingad Valley, Garhwal Himalayas) and Pyramid Meteorological Station (Khumbu Valley, Nepal Himalayas). The magnitude and distribution of temperature were found to be similar for different Himalayan regions, while rainfall varied from region to region. The influence of the monsoon was meagre on the rainfall in these areas. July was recorded to be the warmest month for all the regions and, in general, August had the maximum rainfall. For all the stations, daytime up-valley wind speeds were 3 to 4 times stronger than the nighttime down-valley wind speeds. It was found that the Gangotri Glacier area experienced relatively low humidity and high evaporation rates as compared to other parts of the Himalayas. Such analysis reveals the broad meteorological characteristics of the high altitude areas of the Central Himalayan region.

scholarly journals Meteorology in field artillery ballistic calculations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012149
Author(s):  
M Mendel
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Atmospheric Data

Abstract The most important meteorological data are:ambient temperature, precipitation quantity, air humidity, amount and type of clouds, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, visibility, weather phenomena. These coefficients impact the effectiveness of various combat activities, especially those conducted in an open space. Knowledge of future weather conditions is essential for planning the location, calculating times, choice of means, and other aspects relevant to the upcoming operations. Taking weather conditions into account is vital, specifically when it comes to planning combat operations, where the accuracy in cooperation is of paramount importance. Rocket forces and artillery is a particular type of armed forces where weather conditions are critical. The effectiveness of artillery depends on ballistic calculation precision, and so knowledge of atmospheric conditions is fundamental. Atmospheric data are collected from sounding using a single probe attached to a balloon. It is generally known that particular meteorological parameters change in a smooth spatial manner depending on various coefficients. Information about the atmosphere collected by a single probe may be insufficient, due to the possibility of a balloon drifting away from the area of interest, and the calculations are based on data received from its probe. In this paper, I will suggest a method for preparing artillery use meteorologically, which takes into account the distribution of particular meteorological coefficients over a given area.

scholarly journals ROUTINE, EXTREME AND ENGINEERING METEOROLOGY ANALYSIS FOR KARACHI COASTAL AREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taqui ◽  
Jabir Hussain Syed ◽  
Ghulam Hassan Askari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field

Pakistan’s largest city, Karachi, which is industrial centre and economic hub needs focus in research and development of every field of Engineering, Science and Technology. Urbanization and industrialization is resulting bad weather conditions which prolongs until a climate change. Since, Meteorology serves as interdisciplinary field of study, an analytical study of real and region-specific meteorological data is conducted which focuses on routine, extreme and engineering meteorology of metropolitan city Karachi. Results of study endorse the meteorological parameters relationship and establish the variability of those parameters for Karachi Coastal Area. The rise of temperature, decreasing trend of atmospheric pressure, increment in precipitation and fall in relative humidity depict the effects of urbanization and industrialization. The recorded extreme maximum temperature of 45.50C (on June 11, 1988) and the extreme minimum temperature of 4.5 0C(on January 1, 2007) is observed at Karachi south meteorological station. The estimated temperature rise in 32 years is 0.9 0C, which is crossing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted/estimated limit of 2oC rise per century. The maximum annual precipitation of 487.0mm appearing in 1994 and the minimum annual precipitation of 2.5mm appearing in 1987 is observed at same station which is representative meteorological station for Karachi Coast. Further Engineering meteorological parameters for heating ventilation air condition (HVAC) system design for industrial purpose are deduced as supporting data for coastal area site study for industrial as well as any follow-up engineering work in the specified region.

scholarly journals Use of functional foods among Swedish consumers is related to health-consciousness and perceived effect

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Landström ◽  
Ulla-Kaisa Koivisto Hursti ◽  
Wulf Becker ◽  
Maria Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Health Consciousness ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
High Level

The aim of the present study was to survey attitudes to and use of functional foods and to investigate which demographic variables and attitudes to diet and health predict consumption of functional foods among Swedish consumers. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 2000 randomly selected Swedish citizens aged between 17 and 75 years. A total of 972 (48 %) responded, 53 % were female and 44 % male. Mean age was 45 years. The results revealed that 84 % of respondents were familiar with the concept of functional foods; 83 % had consumed/purchased at least one of the seven functional food products presented in the questionnaire. Of those who had consumed a functional food, 25 % had perceived effect of it. Positive correlations were seen between consumers perceiving a personal reward from eating functional foods, having an interest in natural products and an interest in general health. Consumption/purchase of functional foods was related to beliefs in the effects of the products, having consumed nutraceuticals or dietary supplements, having a diet-related problem personally or in the family, and a high level of education. The characteristic Swedish functional food consumer has a high level of education, is health-conscious and interested in healthy foods and believes in the health effect of functional foods. Thus, factors other than demographics better explain consumption of FF. However, the study population may represent a more health-conscious segment of the Swedish population in general. Additional studies are therefore required to elucidate the attitudes and use of FF in different consumer groups.

scholarly journals Adverse Weather Evokes Nostalgia

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg ◽  
Constantine Sedikides ◽  
Tim Wildschut
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Adverse Weather

Four studies examined the link between adverse weather and the palliative role of nostalgia. We proposed and tested that (a) adverse weather evokes nostalgia (Hypothesis 1); (b) adverse weather causes distress, which predicts elevated nostalgia (Hypothesis 2); (c) preventing nostalgia exacerbates weather-induced distress (Hypothesis 3); and (d) weather-evoked nostalgia confers psychological benefits (Hypothesis 4). In Study 1, participants listened to recordings of wind, thunder, rain, and neutral sounds. Adverse weather evoked nostalgia. In Study 2, participants kept a 10-day diary recording weather conditions, distress, and nostalgia. We also obtained meteorological data. Adverse weather perceptions were positively correlated with distress, which predicted higher nostalgia. Also, adverse natural weather was associated with corresponding weather perceptions, which predicted elevated nostalgia. (Results were mixed for rain.) In Study 3, preventing nostalgia (via cognitive load) increased weather-evoked distress. In Study 4, weather-evoked nostalgia was positively associated with psychological benefits. The findings pioneer the relevance of nostalgia as source of comfort in adverse weather.

Simulation and prediction of dengue outbreaks based on an SIR model with a time-dependent transmission rate including meteorological data. An example for Colombo and Jakarta

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150073
Author(s):  
Peter Heidrich ◽  
Thomas Götz
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Text Model ◽  
Periodic Transmission

Vector-borne diseases can usually be examined with a vector–host model like the [Formula: see text] model. This, however, depends on parameters that contain detailed information about the mosquito population that we usually do not know. For this reason, in this article, we reduce the [Formula: see text] model to an [Formula: see text] model with a time-dependent and periodic transmission rate [Formula: see text]. Since the living conditions of the mosquitos depend on the local weather conditions, meteorological data sets flow into the model in order to achieve a more realistic behavior. The developed [Formula: see text] model is adapted to existing data sets of hospitalized dengue cases in Jakarta (Indonesia) and Colombo (Sri Lanka) using numerical optimization based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle. A previous data analysis shows that the results of this parameter fit are within a realistic range and thus allow further investigations. Based on this, various simulations are carried out and the prediction quality of the model is examined.

Hönnun og virkni léttra gróðurþaka við íslenskar aðstæður

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Halla Einarsdóttir ◽  
Ágúst Elí Ágústsson ◽  
Hrund Ólöf Andradóttir ◽  
Magnús Bjarklind ◽  
Reynir Sævarsson
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Peak Runoff ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Grass Turf

Green roofs are increasingly being installed cities in Europe as a part of sustainable stormwater systems. The goal of this research was to assess the hydrological efficiency of different configurations of extensive green roofs in Iceland and present suggestions for successful design of such roofs based on local materials and weather conditions. International literature and best design practices were reviewed. Runoff from five test roofs was monitored for 11 months, in conjunction with snowdepth, rainfall, wind and air temperature. Green roof water retention measured highest 85% in June and July in accordance with other studies in cold climates. Water retention measured, however, somewhat lower during the winter (<20%). Significant delay of runoff's center of mass and lowering of peak runoff was measured in all green roofs except during the largest runoff events. Average event water retention was correlated to air temperature, cumulative rain, rain 14 days before event and wind speed 7 days before event. Roofs with moss and sedum turf demonstrated good hydrological efficiency, good appearance and needed little maintenance. Grass turf roofs retained slighlty more water, but were less drought resistant and looked poorly during early summer. Wild, water resistent plants like moss and sedum performed better overall.

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