scholarly journals IGDA. 11: Illustrative clinical case

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (S45) ◽  
pp. s62-s66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Female Friend ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The Usa

Ms Y is a 28-year-old monolingual Spanish-speaking woman of Mexican origin living for 2 years in the USA and married to a Mexican man self-employed in the construction business. She presents for care to the emergency room accompanied by a female friend, complaining of ‘nervios’, feeling guilty for not being able to perform her duties as a wife, and concerned that there may be some type of imbalance in her body. The interviewer is a female psychiatrist, born in South America and trained in the USA.

scholarly journals Preparing Mexican-Origin Community Health Advocates (Promotores) to Conduct SBIRT for Problem Drinking in the Emergency Room

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Ramos ◽  
Cheryl J. Cherpitel ◽  
Jose Alvarez ◽  
Oscar Beltran ◽  
Robert Woolard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Teachable Moment ◽  
Effect Change ◽  
Spanish Speaking

Community health advocates (CHAs), known as Promotores in Spanish-speaking communities, are an important resource for the mobilization, empowerment, and the delivery of health education messages in Hispanic/Latino communities. This article focuses on understanding cultural, didactic, and logistical aspects of preparing CHAs to become competent to perform a Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment in the emergency room. The CHAs training emphasizes making connections with Mexican-origin young adults aged 18 to 30, and capitalizing on a teachable moment to effect change in alcohol consumption and negative outcomes associated with alcohol use. We outline a CHA recruitment, content/methods training, and the analysis of advantages and challenges presented by the delivery of an intervention by CHAs.

Háblame Bebé: A phone application intervention to support Hispanic children’s early language environments and bilingualism

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Baralt ◽  
Ashley Darcy Mahoney ◽  
Natalie Brito
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Hispanic Mothers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Word Gap

The early language environments of low-income Hispanic children can be negatively affected when their Spanish-speaking caregivers face racism, assimilation pressure, and/or misinformed advice based on English-only ideologies. This article reports on the design and efficacy of Háblame Bebé, a language-promoting phone application that encourages low-income Hispanic mothers to talk more to their children in their native Spanish with the goals of (1) improving their children’s early language environment, (2) promoting bilingualism, and (3) monitoring developmental milestones. The app was designed and tested across three phases as mandated by the US HRSA Bridging the Word Gap Challenge. In Phase I, we developed a curriculum that promotes high-quality language interactions in Spanish and designed the app components. In Phase II, we tested the app with 20 Hispanic mothers (half high school-educated, half college-educated) in a pretest–posttest design in which we examined their language interactions before and after two months of using the app. Preliminary results indicated that mother–child verbal interactions increased, but not always in their native Spanish, and the difference was not statistically significant. Focus group data revealed that many of the mothers had experienced linguistic racism and that tropes surrounding Spanish-speaking identity in the USA needed to be explicitly addressed within the intervention. In Phase III, a sociolinguistic pride component was added and the app was again tested with 12 additional Hispanic mothers (all high school-educated only). This time, a statistically significant increase in mother–child verbal interactions was found. Mothers also reported feeling prouder to use Spanish with their children. These results suggest that Háblame Bebé may be a viable means to reach low-income Hispanic caregivers who face obstacles in accessing health information and/or home-visiting programs for their children.

American Asteraceae-feeding Astrotischeria species with a highly modified, three-lobed valva in the male genitalia (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4469 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONAS R. STONIS ◽  
ARŪNAS DIŠKUS ◽  
FERNANDO CARVALHO FILHO ◽  
OWEN T. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
The North ◽  
The Usa ◽  
First Time ◽  
Asteraceae Family

We review eleven Astrotischeria Puplesis & Diškus (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) species which possess a novel character for the Tischeriidae family: a highly modified valva of the male genitalia with one ventral and two dorsal lobes (or processes). The species are distributed in the Americas, including the USA, Caribbean (St. Thomas), Central America (Belize, Guatemala and Honduras), and South America (Ecuador, Bolivia, and Brazil). Species for which the biology has been studied are associated with host plants from Asteroidea of the Asteraceae family. The following seven species are described as new: Astrotischeria trilobata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. amazonica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. maya Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. selvica Diškus, Carvalho-Filho & Stonis, sp. nov., A. casila Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. onae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., and A. furcata Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov. A new informal species unit, the A. trilobata group, is designated for diagnostic purposes despite some doubts about monophyly of the group. Astrotischeria longeciliata (Frey & Boll) is synonymized here with the North American A. helianthi (Frey & Boll), a species not belonging to the A. trilobata group, syn. nov. For the first time, a method of rearing of adults from mining larvae, specifically adopted for Tischeriidae, is detailed. All species treated in the paper are illustrated with photographs or drawings of the adults, male genitalia, and, if available, the female genitalia, leaf mines and habitats. A distribution map for the species of the A. trilobata group and a scheme of the trophic relationships of the global Tischeriidae fauna are also provided. 

Expatriate demographic characteristics and host country national support: an empirical investigation in Central/South America

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Varma ◽  
Young-Jae Yoon ◽  
Fabian Jintae Froese
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cultural Similarity ◽  
Central South

PurposeThe support of host country nationals (HCNs) is critical for expatriate adjustment and performance. Drawing from social identity theory and self-categorization theory, this study investigates the antecedents of HCNs' support toward expatriates in Central/South America, focusing on cultural similarities and expatriate race.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted a quasi-experimental study to understand the antecedents that promote the willingness of HCNs to offer required support to expatriates. Data were gathered from 117 Latin American participants, who were asked to respond to questions about their perceptions of expatriates from the USA and their willingness to offer support to those expatriates.FindingsOverall, our findings suggest that HCNs are likely to provide support to expatriates when they perceive the expatriates as similar in terms of culture and race. Specifically, African Americans received more positive attitudes and support than White Americans in South/Central America. The effect of cultural similarity on HCN willingness to support expatriates was mediated by perceived trustworthiness.Originality/valueThe present study extends the research on HCN support to expatriates, to Central/South America, an important region that has been under-studied in the expatriate–HCN context. Another novel feature of our study is that we investigate the role of expatriate race and cultural similarity and illuminate the underlying mechanism of the relationship between expatriate race and HCN support.

scholarly journals Improving the representation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the MOZART-4 global chemical transport model

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 4187-4232 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mahmud ◽  
K. C. Barsanti
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
The Usa

Abstract. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) module in the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4) has been updated by replacing existing two-product (2p) parameters with those obtained from two-product volatility basis set (2p-VBS) fits, and by treating SOA formation from the following volatile organic compounds (VOCs): isoprene, propene and lumped alkenes. Strong seasonal and spatial variations in global SOA distributions were demonstrated, with significant differences in the predicted concentrations between the base-case and updated model versions. The base-case MOZART-4 predicted annual average SOA of 0.36 ± 0.50 μg m−3 in South America, 0.31 ± 0.38 μg m−3 in Indonesia, 0.09 ± 0.05 μg m−3 in the USA, and 0.12 ± 0.07 μg m−3 in Europe. Concentrations from the updated versions of the model showed a~marked increase in annual average SOA. Using the updated set of parameters alone (MZ4-v1) increased annual average SOA by ~8%, ~16%, ~56%, and ~108% from the base-case in South America, Indonesia, USA, and Europe, respectively. Treatment of additional parent VOCs (MZ4-v2) resulted in an even more dramatic increase of ~178–406% in annual average SOA for these regions over the base-case. The increases in predicted SOA concentrations further resulted in increases in corresponding SOA contributions to annual average total aerosol optical depth (AOD) by <1% for MZ4-v1 and ~1–6% for MZ4-v2. Estimated global SOA production was ~6.6 Tg yr−1 and ~19.1 Tg yr−1 with corresponding burdens of ~0.24 Tg and ~0.59 Tg using MZ4-v1 and MZ4-v2, respectively. The SOA budgets predicted in the current study fall well within reported ranges for similar modeling studies, 6.7 to 96 Tg yr−1, but are lower than recently reported observationally-constrained values, 50 to 380 Tg yr−1. With MZ4-v2, simulated SOA concentrations at the surface were also in reasonable agreement with comparable modeling studies and observations. Concentrations of estimated organic aerosol (OA) at the surface, however, showed under-prediction in Europe and over-prediction in the Amazonian regions and Malaysian Borneo during certain months of the year. Overall, the updated version of MOZART-4, MZ4-v2, showed consistently better skill in predicting SOA and OA levels and spatial distributions as compared with unmodified MOZART-4. The MZ4-v2 updates may be particularly important when MOZART-4 output is used to generate boundary conditions for regional air quality simulations that require more accurate representation of SOA concentrations and distributions.

Hispanoamerika

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Sangmeister
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective

'Spanish America’, which has developed since 1492, is today a heterogeneous economic and cultural region with 400 million inhabitants. The economic, political and social structures of the Hispanic American countries and their integration into the global economy have changed constantly. These changes have at times occurred gradually and have often been disruptive and violent. For study programmes that deal with the Spanish-speaking countries of Central and South America from a multidisciplinary perspective, this textbook, which is entitled ‘Hispanoamerika. Wirtschaft – Politik – Geschichte’, provides an in-depth overview of the complex interrelations between the economic paradigm shifts and changes in political power structures in Hispanic America during the several centuries of its history.

scholarly journals US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-146
Author(s):  
Livia Peres Milani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Arms Transfers ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Academic literature on US Foreign Policy to South America usually states its lack of attention to the region in the post 9/11 period. I aim to problematize this assertion through an analysis of US regional security policy. Therefore, I consider data referring to military and economic assistance, arms transfers, and the SOUTHCOM position towards its area of responsibility, as well as official documents and diplomatic cables. I conclude that, although the region was not a priority, a waning in US actions or a moment of neglect in its policy towards it was likewise not observed. From a historical perspective, the area was never the main focus of attention, but there is a specialized bureaucracy that works on the region to maintain US hegemony. Therefore, the investigation indicates that Latin American assertiveness during the 2000s was caused primarily by the conjunction of the ascension of leftist governments and quest for autonomy, as well as by Chinese and Russian involvement in Latin America, but not by US neglect. The article is divided into six sections, including the introduction and final remarks. Following the introduction, I analyse the academic literature regarding USA-Latin American relations in the second section, the US assistance in the third, the SOUTHCOM postures in the fourth, and the strategies deployed by the USA regarding great powers and arms transfers in the fifth. Finally, I present the final remarks.

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