Germany

1912 ◽  
Vol 58 (242) ◽  
pp. 502-505
Author(s):  
Johannes Bresler
Keyword(s):  
International Congress ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Biographical Sketches ◽  
Special Number ◽  
Weekly Journal ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Insight Into

The most important event in the department of psychiatry in Germany since my report in 1910 has been the Fourth International Congress for the Care of the Insane, which was held at the house of the Prussian Deputies in Berlin, from October 3rd till the 7th, 1910. The Congress was attended by about six hundred members. It compared favourably with its predecessors in the number and practical and scientific importance of the reports and in its general arrangements; it was evident that the interest of psychiatrists and of laymen in those congresses is on the increase. In addition to the meetings of the members, there was an important exhibition of models, plans and photographs of establishments and institutions for the insane, of sick-rooms and of machinery, of work done by patients in public and private institutions, and of scientific apparatus and books, which was visited with great interest, and which gave a very true idea of the progress in Germany in the care of the insane. The exhibition had been arranged by Dr. Alt, at Uchtspringe (Altmark). A no less true insight into German methods is given by a work on German Hospitals, which was edited by Dr. Bresler. A copy of this work was presented as a souvenir to each member of the Congress. It was edited with the assistance of the superintendents of the public and private asylums, and contains in an elegant volume of 666 pages the description of about seventy institutions for the insane, illustrated with numerous plans and photographs. This work has since been continued, and a second volume of 465 pages, with illustrations, has recently appeared. At the same time a similar work has been edited by Dr. Schloess, of Vienna, on Austrian asylums for the insane, copies of which (and of the second volume of the above-mentioned work) were also presented to the members of the Berlin Congress. So that it may be truly said that seldom have members returned from a congress with so abundant a supply of literature. A special number of my Weekly Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology was devoted to the members of the Congress, and contained about fifty portraits with short biographical sketches of the most distinguished alienists present. The more important papers are perhaps worthy of mention in this retrospect.

What Can Economists Contribute to the Common Good Tradition?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Yuengert
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Although most economists are skeptical of or puzzled by the Catholic concept of the common good, a rejection of the economic approach as inimical to the common good would be hasty and counterproductive. Economic analysis can enrich the common good tradition in four ways. First, economics embodies a deep respect for economic agency and for the effects of policy and institutions on individual agents. Second, economics offers a rich literature on the nature of unplanned order and how it might be shaped by policy. Third, economics offers insight into the public and private provision of various kinds of goods (private, public, common pool resources). Fourth, recent work on the development and logic of institutions and norms emphasizes sustainability rooted in the good of the individual.

scholarly journals How significant are the public dimensions of faculty work in review, promotion and tenure documents?

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P Alperin ◽  
Carol Muñoz Nieves ◽  
Lesley A Schimanski ◽  
Gustavo E Fischman ◽  
Meredith T Niles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Careers ◽  
Faculty Work ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Promotion And Tenure ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Evaluation ◽  
Work Done

Much of the work done by faculty at both public and private universities has significant public dimensions: it is often paid for by public funds; it is often aimed at serving the public good; and it is often subject to public evaluation. To understand how the public dimensions of faculty work are valued, we analyzed review, promotion, and tenure documents from a representative sample of 129 universities in the US and Canada. Terms and concepts related to public and community are mentioned in a large portion of documents, but mostly in ways that relate to service, which is an undervalued aspect of academic careers. Moreover, the documents make significant mention of traditional research outputs and citation-based metrics: however, such outputs and metrics reward faculty work targeted to academics, and often disregard the public dimensions. Institutions that seek to embody their public mission could therefore work towards changing how faculty work is assessed and incentivized.

Who Said What to Whom

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Cass R. Sunstein
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
The Government

It is important to distinguish between two kinds of transparency. The government can be transparent about its “inputs”: about who, within government, said what to whom, and when, and why. The government can also be transparent about its “outputs”: its regulations and its policies, its findings about air and water quality, or its analysis of the costs and benefits of drone strikes. The argument for output transparency is often very strong, because members of the public can receive information that can help them in their daily lives and because output transparency can improve the performance of both public and private institutions. The argument for input transparency is different and often weaker, because the benefits of disclosure can be low and the costs can be high. It is challenging to make general pronouncements about input transparency and the appropriate evaluation of leaks and leakers without making a contestable judgment about whether a particular government is well-functioning and capable of self-correction.

scholarly journals Venezuelan Higher Education: The Chavez Revolution

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Levy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of

Hugo Chavez's clash with Venezuelan higher education is a vivid present-day example of a history of confrontation between leftist, populist regimes and higher education in Latin America. Chavez has transformed the public sector through creation and expansion of new universities. Chavez's policies have alienated the country's private institutions of higher education. Both public and private universities are reduced in importance.

Personality disorder among first ever admissions to an Irish public and private hospital

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Cooney ◽  
Conor K Farren ◽  
Anthony W Clare
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective: The identification of personality disorder among psychiatric in-patients is important because of the effect on the course and outcome of illness. The introduction of a multiaxial approach to diagnosis, has resulted in a higher than previously reported rate of occurrence of personality disorder in a variety of psychiatric settings. A prevalence of personality disorder of 4.9% is reported in the official statistics for Irish psychiatric hospitals. The aim of this study is to determine the true prevalence of personality disorders in two Irish psychiatric hospitals, one public and one private, using a multiaxial approach to diagnosis.Methods: The Standardised Assessment of Personality (SAP) is a validated, semistructured, informant based instrument that reliably generates diagnoses of personality disorder irrespective of current mental state. Over a four month period, 78 consecutive, first ever admissions to two hospitals were examined using the SAP.Results: The prevalence of personality disorder in this population was 26%. There was no significant difference in the rate of personality disorder between the public and private institutions.Conclusions: The prevalence of personality disorder amongst in-patients in both public and private psychiatric hospitals in Ireland is far higher than previously reported. This highlights the importance of a multiaxial approach to diagnosis in order to establish the true extent of psychiatric morbidity.

II. Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne

1939 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Ganshof
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Gift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preceding Period ◽  
The Subject

A Number of important studies have been published in recent years on the subject of benefice and vassalage during the early Middle Ages, and it may consequently be worth while to re-examine some of the problems raised by the origin and early development of these two institutions. I have dealt elsewhere with, the circumstances which tended towards their union early in the eighth, century, under the early Carolingians, In this article I hope to indicate at least the principal features of the history of benefice and vassalage during the reign of Charlemagne. The Influence which Charles exercised on the public and private institutions of the Frankish state was so definite and far-reaching as fully to justify the limitation of the subject-matter of my inquiry to the space of a single reign. Unfortunately the lack of adequate sources, though less serious than for the preceding period, renders the task of tracing their history a somewhat difficult one. Although the capitularies contain a relatively large number of provisions that deal specifically with these institutions, we have very little information as to how they worked in practice. The narrative sources, with the exception of two or three texts, tell us little or nothing. We have to fall back on the evidence of charters, though even these only rarely, when dealing with a dispute or legal proceeding, throw some light on the subject. This is what we might in any case expect, for the essential feature of the entry of a person into vassalage or of the gift of a benefice was the oral act, and not any embodiment of it in writing.

scholarly journals Legal position of a notary public and specific features of his professional liability insurance

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Slobodan Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Professional Liability ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Public Setting ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Insight Into

The legal position of a notary public and the types of services he provides crucially affect the complexity of his liability, which arises from performing legally prescribed activities. Actions to protect and realize the public and private interest for a fee represent a risk from which the professional liability of a notary public may arise, which is equated with errors and omissions insurance. This leads to multiple types of liability: civil, disciplinary, offence and criminal. In this paper, the author explores the interest of the state, parties and notaries public in relation to the performance of notary public services to the extent relevant to this paper, the legal basis and manner of concluding professional liability insurance of notaries public, setting cover limits and some specific excluded risks and specific features of occurrence of insured event in professional liability insurance by getting an insight into comparative legal solutions of the law regulating notary public services, and finally the views of domestic and foreign legal theory.

scholarly journals Educação a Distância (EaD): Processos de Mediação e Uso das Tecnologias em uma Abordagem Transdisciplinar

EAD em FOCO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Da Costa Britto Pereira Lima ◽  
Lívia Soares de Lima Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Education In Brazil

A utilização da EaD como forma de democratizar o ensino superior no Brasil tem sido discutida por pesquisadores afetos aos mais diversos temas educacionais. Trazemos neste estudo uma breve retomada histórica, demonstrando que os primeiros cursos de ensino superior no Brasil não se destinavam às consideradas classes subalternas. Esse processo histórico fez com que o ensino superior se tornasse algo quase restrito às classes dominantes. Apresentamos a EaD e sua legislação a fim de introduzir também a criação e implementação do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB), política com vistas à democratização do acesso ao ensino superior. Elencamos alguns autores contrários ao uso da EaD como forma de democratizar o ensino no Brasil. Embora em direções diferentes, os autores contrários ao uso da EaD caminham quase sempre num mesmo viés. Um dos principais argumentos trazidos no bojo de suas argumentações contrárias é de que a EaD estaria servindo apenas aos interesses mercantilistas? preconizados pela reestruturação do aparelho do Estado, operacionalizado principalmente na década de 1990. Tais autores desconsideram os avanços obtidos por meio da EaD, a despeito dos percalços e/ou dificuldades enfrentadas em tal modalidade. Sendo assim, trazemos autores favoráveis à implementação da EaD como política de popularização do ensino, a fim de demonstrar como ela tem sido importante no processo histórico de democratizar o ensino superior em nosso país, ampliando suas vagas, avançando na questão do acesso e, ainda, interiorizando as IES públicas e privadas em praticamente todo o território nacional.Palavras-chave: EaD; Ensino a distância no Brasil; Democratização do ensino superior.The EaD in Brazil and the Process of Democratization of Access to Higher Education: Possible DialoguesAbstractThe use of E-learning as a way to democratize higher education in Brazil has been discussed by researchers concerned about the most diverse educational themes. We bring in this study a brief historic overview showing that the first higher education courses in Brazil were not destined to the classes considered subaltern. This historical process has made higher education to become something almost restricted to the dominant classes. We present E-learning and its legislation in order to introduce also the creation and implementation of Open University System of Brazil (UAB), with aiming the access to higher education democratization. We also mention some authors opposed to use of E-learning as a way to democratize the education in Brazil. Although in different directions, authors opposed to use of E-learning follow the same bias almost always. One of the main arguments is that E-learning was only serving the "mercantilist" interests recommended by the State reconstruction process which took place mainly in the 90s. Such authors disregard the advances obtained by education through E-learning, despite the difficulties faced in such modality. Therefore, we bring authors in favor of E-learning as education democratization policy implementation in order to demonstrate how E-learning has been important in the historical process higher education democratization in our country, increasing their number of vacancies, improving the issue of access and interiorizing the public and private Institutions of Higher Education in almost all the national territory.Keywords: E-learning; Distance education in Brazil; Higher education; Democratization.

scholarly journals The formation of nurses in residency programs in public and private intensive care units

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Iasmim Lima Aguiar ◽  
Lívia Magalhães Costa Castro ◽  
Anna Gabriella Carvalho Rangel ◽  
Larissa Chaves Pedreira ◽  
Norma Carapiá Fagundes
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Graduate Nurses ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Management Functions

This qualitative study aimed to acknowledge the importance of practice in public and private institutions in the training of nurses in residency programs. Data were collected at two hospitals between February and March 2013, through interviews. From their analysis the following categories emerged: experience of graduate nurses in residency programs in ICUs of public and private institutions and potential for learning in public and private institutions regarding the training of nurses. Differences were detected in the work process and in the profile of patients between the public and private fields, and dissociation between caring and management functions carried out by residents was demonstrated. It was concluded that the development of practices in public and private institutions provides different and complementary experiences which prepare residents for management and care activities, improve management and technical assistance skills, encourages the exercise of in-service education and, by means of surveys, the search for solutions to problems that emerge from daily work.

Publicness

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Goodsell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Responsibility Of Government

The Publicness discussed here exists when the society as a whole is working hard on behalf of its hungry and unsafe. Such work is not the responsibility of government alone but its private institutions as well. When studied closely, one finds in the United States a remarkably diverse and interpenetrated array of antipoverty activity across the public and private arenas. Its totality is regarded as an aggregate and identifiable yet scarcely recognized realm of pan-society activity named Publicness. Whether its present extent is sufficient is most doubtful.

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